2008 London mayoral election

Last updated

2008 London mayoral election
←  2004 1 May 2008 2012  →
Turnout45.3% Increase2.svg 8.38 pp
  Boris Johnson (cropped).jpg Ken Livingstone 2008.png BrianPaddick-20080112.jpg
Candidate Boris Johnson Ken Livingstone Brian Paddick
Party Conservative Labour Liberal Democrats
First Round1,043,761893,887235,585
Percentage43.2%37.0%9.8%
SwingIncrease2.svg14.0pp Steady2.svgDecrease2.svg5.6pp
Second Round1,168,7381,027,976Eliminated
Percentage53.2%46.8%Eliminated
SwingIncrease2.svg8.6pp Decrease2.svg8.6pp
London mayoral election, 2008 map.svg
First preference votes by London borough. Blue boroughs are those with most first preference votes for Boris Johnson and red those for Ken Livingstone
Mayor before election

Ken Livingstone
Labour

Elected mayor

Boris Johnson
Conservative

The 2008 London mayoral election for the office of Mayor of London, England, was held on 1 May 2008. Conservative candidate Boris Johnson defeated incumbent Labour Mayor Ken Livingstone. [1] It was the third London mayoral election, the previous elections being the first election in May 2000 and the second election in June 2004.

Contents

Johnson became the second Mayor of London and the first Conservative to hold the office since its creation in 2000. This became the first London Mayoral election in which the incumbent mayor was defeated by a challenger. The popular vote achieved by Johnson remained the largest polled by winning mayoral candidate until Labour candidate Sadiq Khan received 1,148,716 first-preference votes in 2016. [2] The result was the first time that the Conservatives had won control of London-wide government since 1977. [3]

Candidate selection process

Conservative Party

Boris Johnson, the Conservative candidate, giving his victory speech Boris Johnson on the podium.jpg
Boris Johnson, the Conservative candidate, giving his victory speech

The Conservative candidate was determined by a primary election open to the entire London electorate, originally scheduled for October 2006. Candidates who had applied by 4 August deadline included Richard Barnes, London Assembly member for Ealing and Hillingdon, who withdrew in July 2007 and threw his support behind Boris Johnson; [4] Andrew Boff, former Hillingdon and Hackney London Borough Councillor; Nicholas Boles, Policy Exchange think-tank director, who withdrew in July 2007 for health reasons; Dr Robert Frew, a cultural policy and management specialist; Victoria Borwick, Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Councillor; Warwick Lightfoot, also a Kensington and Chelsea councillor; and Lee Rotherham. Steven Norris, Conservative mayoral candidate in 2000 and 2004, ruled himself out. [5] Broadcaster Nick Ferrari also considered seeking the nomination but eventually decided against it. [6]

By 4 August 2006 deadline, however, the process was delayed for six months to allow time for further candidates to submit applications. [7] [8] Prospective applicants who subsequently publicly declared were Lurline Champagnie, a London Borough of Harrow councillor; Winston McKenzie, a former boxer; [9] and disc jockey Mike Read. Read withdrew in July 2007 following a change in the voting system for Conservative candidates, giving his support to Johnson. [10]

In April 2007 the Conservative party confirmed it had approached former Director-General of the BBC Greg Dyke. Dyke stated he would not stand except on a joint ticket with the Liberal Democrats. The Liberal Democrats stated this would be against its party's constitution. [11] Around this point former Conservative Prime Minister Sir John Major was considered a possible candidate, but he turned down an offer from David Cameron. [12]

Following media and members' criticism over the party's selection procedure, [13] [14] the party chairman revised the timetable requiring a candidate to be in place before the party conference at the end of September 2007. [15] In June 2007, the party scheduled the selection process to conclude on 27 September 2007. [16]

On 16 July, shortly before the noon deadline for nominations, Boris Johnson confirmed he would seek the Conservative nomination. [17] A final four of Johnson, Boff, Borwick and Lightfoot were chosen [18] on 21 July for the primary election. [18] On 27 September 2007, Johnson won 75% of the vote and, thus, the nomination. [19]

Labour Party

On 3 May 2007, following consultations with London Labour Party members, the Labour Party selected Ken Livingstone, the incumbent mayor, as their mayoral candidate. [20]

The Left List

Following a split in the Respect Party at the end of 2007, the George Galloway-led faction (also referred to as Respect Renewal) retained the rights to the use of the name in elections. The Socialist Workers Party-dominated faction put forward Lindsey German under the Left List banner. Galloway's faction did not put forward a candidate, though Galloway declared his support for Ken Livingstone. [21]

English Democrats

In July 2007, the English Democrats nominated talkSPORT presenter Garry Bushell as a candidate in the 2008 election. In January 2008, Bushell stepped aside (due to work commitments) in favour of Fathers-4-Justice campaigner Matt O'Connor, who successfully stood against Andrew Constantine, a City of London Banker, in a selection contest. O'Connor was also their last London-wide list Assembly candidate. O'Connor withdrew on 25 April, after he fell out with the party over leadership, campaign funding and tactics.

Liberal Democrats

Brian Paddick, the Liberal Democrat candidate, speaking in City Hall after the results of the London mayoral election had been announced, 3 May 2008 Brian Paddick-on the podium London mayoral elections 2008.jpg
Brian Paddick, the Liberal Democrat candidate, speaking in City Hall after the results of the London mayoral election had been announced, 3 May 2008

The Liberal Democrats drew up a shortlist in September 2007 with a final choice made by a one member, one vote ballot of party members. [22] Simon Hughes, the party's 2004 mayoral candidate, did not stand. [23] The ballot was won by former police chief Brian Paddick. who defeated Chamali Fernando and Councillor Fiyaz Mughal.

British National Party

On 9 May 2007, the British National Party selected Richard Barnbrook, leader of the opposition on Barking & Dagenham Borough Council, and a member of the party's National Advisory Committee, to stand for election in 2008. [24]

UK Independence Party

At the UK Independence Party (UKIP) 2007 party conference, Gerard Batten who was the UKIP MEP for the London region was selected to contest the London Mayoral Election.

In October 2006, UKIP talked of talkSPORT presenter James Whale standing against Ken Livingstone in the 2008 election. [25] The government's media authority Ofcom told Whale that becoming Mayor would prevent him from continuing his radio show. Whale subsequently stated on his programme he would not be the UKIP candidate, but he did not rule out standing for election. [26]

Green Party

Sian Berry speaking at the London mayoral announcement Sian Berry 2 London mayoral 08.jpg
Siân Berry speaking at the London mayoral announcement

On 12 March 2007 the party selected Siân Berry as its mayoral candidate after a ballot of its London members, receiving 45% of the vote. [27] The other candidates were Shahrar Ali, Shane Collins, Katie Dawson and Terry McGrenera. Berry was also one of their Assembly candidates. [28]

Winston McKenzie

In December 2007 former boxer Winston McKenzie told the BBC that he intended to stand for Mayor of London as an independent on an anti-gang crime platform, having failed to secure the Conservative nomination earlier in the year. [29]

Christian Choice

On 12 February Alan Craig was selected by the Christian Choice Party to stand in the Mayoral election. [30] The Christian Choice Party are an alliance between the Christian Party and the Christian Peoples Alliance.

Potential candidates who did not stand

There were a significant number of people who claimed that they were planning to stand, but did not submit valid nomination papers.

One London Party

The One London Party chose their leader, Damian Hockney, as candidate [31] but on 27 March 2008 Hockney withdrew from the mayoral race. He blamed a lack of media opportunities for smaller parties such as his, and claimed the race was "a media election, fought just in the media". [32]

Time Out

The London listings magazine Time Out planned to recruit a self-financing candidate to stand on a manifesto agreed by its readers. [33] In February 2008 it confirmed that columnist Michael Hodges would be its candidate, standing on a reformist ticket. [34] However, he decided not to stand, citing the bureaucratic legislative requirements for candidates and instead pledged to "fight on" to open the system up to ordinary Londoners to stand as independents. [35]

John Bird

In March 2007 following widespread speculation that John Bird, founder of The Big Issue, would seek the Conservative nomination, [36] he stated that he would stand as an independent, on a platform of "social inclusion". In October 2007, he withdrew from the race and instead promised to launch a new social movement around tackling poverty. [37]

Others

Chris Prior planned to stand on a platform to abolish the congestion charge [38] for the London Assembly but pulled out of the mayoral race shortly before the close of nominations.

On 21 February 2008 Dennis Delderfield was nominated by the New Britain Party. He said he would abolish the Mayoral office and the Greater London Authority (GLA). [39] He did not submit a valid nomination.

John Flunder was to be the Senior Citizens Party candidate for Mayor of London [40] [41] but did not submit a valid nomination.

LondonElectsYou.co.uk, a social networking site aimed at selecting a member of the public to contest the election with a £50,000 campaign budget, was set up in March 2008. [42] The winning candidate did not submit any nomination however, with the site's founder David Smuts claiming that electoral authorities' bureaucratic obstructions failed to get them the required access to the electoral register to validate their nomination. [43]

In April 2007 Richard Fairbrass, the lead singer of pop band Right Said Fred, considered standing for Mayor of London on a platform of opposition to the London congestion charge. [44] In December 2007 media reports that peace protester Brian Haw would stand for Mayor of London [45] [46] remained unsubstantiated. [47]

Voting system

Ballot boxes at a count centre Ballot boxes London elections 2008.jpg
Ballot boxes at a count centre

The supplementary vote system is used for all mayoral elections in England and Wales. Under this system voters express a first preference and (optionally) a second preference. If no candidate is the first choice of a majority of voters (i.e. more than 50%), the top two candidates proceed to a second round. Voters whose first choice has been eliminated have their second preferences scrutinised, in order to determine which of the remaining candidates is favoured by a majority of all voters who have expressed a preference between the two. This gives a result whereby the winning candidate has the support of a majority of votes cast (at least by those who expressed a preference among the top two).

Second preference recommendations

Various parties recommended a variety of second preferences to their supporters. Labour and the Greens formed a second preference pact, urging Livingstone supporters to give their second choice vote to Berry and vice versa. Left List also encouraged their supporters to vote Livingstone second, while the BNP encouraged theirs to vote Johnson second, although Johnson stated during the campaign that he did not want the second choice votes of BNP supporters. Brian Paddick was regularly pressed through the campaign to recommend a second preference choice to Liberal Democrat voters, with Livingstone and the Labour Party keen to be chosen, but Paddick refused to make such a recommendation, revealing after the election that his second preference vote was for the Left List.

Vote counting

E-counting vote scanner Ballot box barcode scanner london 08.jpg
E-counting vote scanner

Votes were counted using an optical scan voting system, where a computer scans the ballot papers and registers the votes. A digital image of the ballot paper was also taken so if there were problems with any of the papers, they could be examined by humans. In 2008, due to the large turnout, the counting took over 15 hours. However, if counted manually the process could - according to London Elects - take up to 3 days. [48] Election observers [49] have declared "there is insufficient evidence available to allow independent observers to state reliably whether the results declared in the May 2008 elections for the Mayor of London and the London Assembly are an accurate representation of voters’ intentions." [50] London Elects have been unable to publish an audit of some of the software used in the count. [51] The Open Rights Group reports that there was equipment directly connected to the counting servers to which observers had limited or no access and that the presence of error messages, bugs and system freezes indicates poor software quality. [52]

Opinion polls

Graphical summaries

5 way polling

London opinion polling for the 2008 mayoral election (moving average is calculated from the last six polls) .mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column} .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} Johnson Livingstone Paddick Berry Barnbrook 5-way 2008 London Mayoral polling.png
London opinion polling for the 2008 mayoral election (moving average is calculated from the last six polls)
  Johnson
  Livingstone
  Paddick
  Berry
  Barnbrook

Johnson vs. Livingstone

London opinion polling for the 2008 mayoral election between Boris Johnson and Ken Livingstone (moving average is calculated from the last six polls) Johnson Livingstone 2008 head to head London mayoral polling.png
London opinion polling for the 2008 mayoral election between Boris Johnson and Ken Livingstone (moving average is calculated from the last six polls)
  Johnson
  Livingstone

2008

First and Second Round

DatePollsterFirst PreferencesFinal Round
Livingstone Johnson Paddick Batten Berry Barnbrook Others Livingstone Johnson
01/05/08Election Results37.0%43.2%9.8%0.9%3.2%2.9%3.0%46.9%53.2%
30/04/08 YouGov Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine 36%43%13%1%2%2%3%47%53%
28/04/08 YouGov Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine 35%46%12%1%2%2%2%45%55%
27/04/08 mruk Cello Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine 44%43%9%---4%51%49%
24/04/08 Ipsos MORI Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine 41%38%12%---9%52%48%
18/04/08 YouGov Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine 37%44%12%1%3%1%2%47%53%
14/04/08 mruk Cello Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine 45%44%9%---2%50%50%
11/04/08 YouGov Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine 39%45%12%1%2%1%0%46%54%
09/04/08 Ipsos MORI Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine 40%46%11%1%2%0%0%49%51%
07/04/08 Ipsos MORI Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine 41%40%14%0%5%0%0%49%51%
04/04/08 YouGov Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine 36%49%10%1%2%1%1%44%56%
01/04/08 ICM Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine 41%42%10%0%4%1%2%49%51%

First Preferences only

DatePollsterFirst Preferences
Livingstone Johnson Paddick Batten Berry Barnbrook Others
25/03/08 YouGov Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine 37%47%10%0%2%1%3%
14/03/08 YouGov Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine 37%49%12%0%1%1%0%
21/02/08 YouGov Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine 39%44%12%1%1%1%2%
12/02/08 Ipsos MORI Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine 42%38%16%1%2%1%0%
24/01/08 YouGov Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine 44%40%8%2%1%1%4%

2007

First Preferences only

DatePollsterFirst Preferences
Livingstone Johnson Paddick Others
21/12/07 YouGov Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine 45%44%7%4%
09/11/07 YouGov Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine 45%39%8%8%


Results

Mayor of London election 1 May 2008 [53]
PartyCandidate1st round2nd round1st round votesTransfer votes, 2nd round
TotalOf roundTransfersTotalOf round
Conservative Boris Johnson 1,043,76143.2%124,9771,168,73853.2%
​​
Labour Ken Livingstone 893,87737.0%134,0891,027,96646.8%
​​
Liberal Democrats Brian Paddick 236,6859.8%
​​
Green Siân Berry 77,3473.2%
​​
BNP Richard Barnbrook 69,7102.9%
​​
CPA Alan Craig 39,2491.6%
​​
UKIP Gerard Batten 22,4220.9%
​​
Left List Lindsey German 16,7960.7%
​​
English Democrat Matt O'Connor 10,6950.4%
​​
Independent Winston McKenzie 5,3890.2%
​​
Conservative gain from Labour

Maps

Results by assembly constituency Mayor of London constituency results 2008.svg
Results by assembly constituency
Result by electoral ward London Mayoral Election, 2008 by electoral wards.png
Result by electoral ward


See also

Related Research Articles

The Conservative and Unionist Party, commonly the Conservative Party and colloquially known as the Tories, is one of the two main political parties in the United Kingdom, along with the Labour Party. Following defeat by Labour in the 2024 general election, it is currently the second largest political party by the number of votes cast and number of seats in the House of Commons, followed by the Liberal Democrats. As the second largest party, it has the formal parliamentary role of the Official Opposition. The party sits on the right-wing to centre-right of the political spectrum. It encompasses various ideological factions including one-nation conservatives, Thatcherites, and traditionalist conservatives. There have been twenty Conservative prime ministers. The party traditionally holds the annual Conservative Party Conference during party conference season, at which senior Conservative figures promote party policy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mayor of London</span> Head of the government of Greater London

The mayor of London is the chief executive of the Greater London Authority. The role was created in 2000 after the Greater London devolution referendum in 1998, and was the first directly elected mayor in the United Kingdom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Baron (politician)</span> British politician (born 1959)

John Charles Baron is a British Conservative politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Basildon and Billericay, previously Billericay, from 2001 to 2024. He has frequently rebelled against his party, specifically in his calling for a referendum on the European Union (EU) before the 2015 election and in opposing military intervention in Iraq, Libya, and Syria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">English Democrats</span> English political party

The English Democrats are a right-wing to far-right, English nationalist political party active in England. Being a minor party, it currently has no elected representatives at any level of UK government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2000 London mayoral election</span> Inaugural London mayoral election

The 2000 London mayoral election was held on 4 May 2000 to elect the Mayor of London. It was the first election to the office established that year; the idea of a mayor of a Greater London Authority (GLA) had been included in Labour's 1997 election manifesto, and after their election a referendum in London was scheduled for May 1998, in which there was a 72% yes vote with a 34% turnout.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boston and Skegness (UK Parliament constituency)</span> Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1997 onwards

Boston and Skegness is a constituency in Lincolnshire represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament by Richard Tice of Reform UK since the 2024 general election. Like all British constituencies, it elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post system of election. Prior to Tice's election, it was considered a safe seat for the Conservatives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2012 London mayoral election</span> London mayoral election

The 2012 London mayoral election was an election held on Thursday 3 May 2012, to elect the Mayor of London. It was held on the same day as the London Assembly election, and used a supplementary vote system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">London mayoral elections</span> Election for the Mayor of London

The London mayoral election for the office of mayor of London takes place every four years. The first election was held in May 2000, and six subsequent elections have taken place. The latest mayoral election took place in 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2008 Henley by-election</span>

The 2008 Henley by-election to elect a member of the House of Commons for the constituency of Henley in Oxfordshire was held on 26 June 2008. It followed the election of the previous incumbent Boris Johnson as Mayor of London in May 2008. In order to resign from being an MP, Johnson accepted the post of Steward and Bailiff of the Manor of Northstead on 4 June 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ken Livingstone</span> English politician (born 1945)

Kenneth Robert Livingstone is an English retired politician who served as the Leader of the Greater London Council (GLC) from 1981 until the council was abolished in 1986, and as Mayor of London from the creation of the office in 2000 until 2008. He also served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Brent East from 1987 to 2001. A former member of the Labour Party, he was on the party's hard left, ideologically identifying as a socialist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mark Reckless</span> British politician

Mark John Reckless is a British lawyer and former politician who served as a Member of the Senedd (MS) for South Wales East from 2016 until 2021, having previously served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Rochester and Strood from 2010 to 2015. Initially a member of the Conservative Party, he crossed the floor to join the UK Independence Party (UKIP) in September 2014. He has since changed parties a further four times. He is currently a member of Reform UK.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 London mayoral election</span> London mayoral election

The 2016 London mayoral election was held on 5 May 2016 to elect the Mayor of London, on the same day as the London Assembly election. It was the fifth election to the position of mayor, which was created in 2000 following a referendum in Greater London. The election used a supplementary vote system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2014 Clacton by-election</span> 2014 UK Parliamentary by-election

On 9 October 2014, a by-election was held for the UK parliamentary constituency of Clacton in Essex, England. The by-election was triggered by the Conservative MP for Clacton, Douglas Carswell, defecting to the UK Independence Party (UKIP) and subsequently resigning his seat to seek re-election as its candidate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2015 United Kingdom general election</span>

The 2015 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday, 7 May 2015 to elect 650 members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons. The Conservative Party, led by prime minister David Cameron, won an unexpected majority victory of ten seats; they had been leading a coalition government with the Liberal Democrats. It was the last general election to be held before the UK voted to leave the European Union (EU) in June 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2015 London Labour Party mayoral selection</span>

The London Labour Party mayoral selection of 2015 was the process by which the Labour Party selected its candidate for Mayor of London, to stand in the mayoral election on 5 May 2016. It was the first Mayoral selection process since 2002 not to feature Ken Livingstone as a candidate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 Conservative Party leadership election</span> British leadership election to replace David Cameron

The 2016 Conservative Party leadership election was held due to Prime Minister David Cameron's resignation as party leader. He had resigned after losing the national referendum to leave the European Union. Cameron, who supported Britain's continued membership of the EU, announced his resignation on 24 June, saying that he would step down by October. Theresa May won the contest on 11 July 2016, after the withdrawal of Andrea Leadsom left her as the sole candidate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 London mayoral election</span>

The 2021 London mayoral election was held on 6 May 2021 to elect the mayor of London. It was held simultaneously with elections for the London Assembly, other local elections across England and Wales, and devolved elections in Scotland and Wales. The mayoral and Assembly elections were to be held on the 7th of May 2020, but in March 2020 the government announced the election would be postponed until 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

A by-election for the House of Commons constituency of Sleaford and North Hykeham in Lincolnshire, England, was held on 8 December 2016. It was triggered by the resignation of the Conservative member of parliament (MP) Stephen Phillips, who left Parliament on 4 November 2016 due to policy differences with the Conservative government led by the prime minister, Theresa May, over Brexit – the British withdrawal from the European Union (EU). The Conservatives nominated Caroline Johnson, a paediatrician, to replace Phillips; she won the by-election with more than 50 per cent of the vote, a sizable majority. The Conservatives' vote share fell slightly compared to the result at the previous general election in 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mayoralty of Boris Johnson</span> 2008–2016 tenure as mayor of London by Boris Johnson

Boris Johnson served as mayor of London from 1 May 2008 until 5 May 2016, being elected in 2008 and reelected in 2012. During his mayoralty, Johnson oversaw the preparations and hosting of the 2012 Summer Olympics and oversaw the cycle hire scheme. He also with introduced the New Routemaster buses and the Thames cable car, while promoting the proposed Garden Bridge over the River Thames; the project was later abandoned after Johnson left office. Johnson also banned alcohol consumption on much of London's public transport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 London mayoral election</span>

The 2024 London mayoral election was held on 2 May 2024 to elect the next mayor of London. It took place simultaneously with elections to the London Assembly, some local council by-elections in London and regular local elections elsewhere in England and Wales. Following the Elections Act 2022, voting in this election took place under the first-past-the-post system for the first time, replacing the supplementary vote system. The result of the election was announced on 4 May 2024.

References

  1. ↑ "Johnson Wins London Mayor Race in Body Blow to Brown". Bloomberg.com. 3 May 2008. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
  2. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ↑ "BBC - Today programme - Boris and Horace".
  4. ↑ "Richard Barnes pulls out and backs Boris". ConservativeHome LondonMayor Blog.
  5. ↑ Woodward, Will (4 August 2006). "Norris opts out of Tory primary contest for London mayor". GuardianOnline. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  6. ↑ "Ferrari Will Not Be Tories' Mayor". BBC News. 2 August 2006. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  7. ↑ "Conservatives Delay Mayoral Selection Deadline". MayorWatch. Archived from the original on 9 December 2007.
  8. ↑ "Tories delay London mayoral race". BBC News. 4 August 2006. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  9. ↑ "Mayoral fight for boxer's brother". BBC News. 7 November 2006. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  10. ↑ Read, Mike (17 July 2007). "I'm Backing Boris". London: Comment is Free (Guardian Online). Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  11. ↑ Dowell, Ben (18 April 2007). "How the 'Greg Dyke for London mayor' story snowballed". The Guardian Online. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  12. ↑ Webster, Philip (28 April 2007). "Cameron snubbed again as Major rules out mayor race". The Times . London. Archived from the original on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2008.
  13. ↑ "Fallout From the London Nightmayor". Iain Dale. 18 April 2007.
  14. ↑ Deedes, Henry (20 April 2007). "Tories at war over Cameron's failed bid to get Greg". London: The Independent Online. Archived from the original on 9 December 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  15. ↑ "Conservative candidate to be announced at Party conference". ConservativeHome LondonMayor Blog.
  16. ↑ "Mayoral Selection Timetable". ConservativeHome LondonMayor Blog.
  17. ↑ "Boris Johnson standing for mayor". BBC News. 16 July 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  18. 1 2 "Tories Select Mayoral Shortlist". MayorWatch. Archived from the original on 9 December 2007.
  19. ↑ "Johnson is Tory Mayor Candidate". BBC News. 27 September 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  20. ↑ "Livingstone Confirmed as Labour Candidate". MayorWatch. Archived from the original on 16 May 2007.
  21. ↑ Galloway, George (25 January 2008). "Why I back Red Ken". London: Comment is Free (Guardian Online). Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  22. ↑ "Opik 'won't run for London mayor'". BBC News. 1 August 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  23. ↑ "Hughes Claims Cameron Reforms 'Are Failing'". MayorWatch.[ permanent dead link ]
  24. ↑ "Richard Barnbrook Adopted as Mayoral Candidate". British National Party. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
  25. ↑ "Radio host 'could challenge Ken'". BBC News. 24 October 2006. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  26. ↑ "Whale again rules out being UKIP London Mayor candidate". Democracy. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013.
  27. ↑ "Berry is Green mayoral candidate". BBC News. 12 March 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  28. ↑ "The Next Mayor of London". New Statesman.
  29. ↑ "'I'll knock out the opposition'". BBC News.
  30. ↑ "Mosque critic brands himself the 'Christian choice' for mayor". thisislondon.co.uk. Archived from the original on 13 February 2008. Retrieved 14 February 2008.
  31. ↑ "Blog nicht gefunden". onelondonweb.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  32. ↑ "Politics | Hockney quits London mayoral race". BBC News. 27 March 2008. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
  33. ↑ "The Battle to be Mayor of London - Time Out London". Timeout.com. Archived from the original on 23 July 2008. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
  34. ↑ "Help Hodges 2008". Archived from the original on 25 February 2008. Retrieved 20 February 2008.
  35. ↑ "Time Out's Mayor Battle Goes To Parliament". Timeout.com. Archived from the original on 11 June 2008. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  36. ↑ Duff, Oliver (8 March 2007). "Bird's the word to stop Ken (but don't mention it until April) - Pandora, Columnists - The Independent". London: News.independent.co.uk. Archived from the original on 9 December 2007. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
  37. ↑ "Politics | Big Issue founder targets poverty". BBC News. 18 October 2007. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
  38. ↑ "Abolish the Congestion Charge". Stopcc.com. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
  39. ↑ "Events Programme 2008". New Britain. 1 May 2008. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
  40. ↑ [ dead link ]
  41. ↑ "Senior Citizens Party". Senior Citizens Party. Archived from the original on 9 October 2007. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
  42. ↑ Jacquie Bowser (4 March 2008). "Livingstone faces social networking rival in mayoral race". Brandrepublic.com. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  43. ↑ "LondonelectsYOU!". Archived from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  44. ↑ "Right Said Fred: I'll stand for London Mayor - News - Evening Standard". Thisislondon.co.uk. 18 April 2007. Archived from the original on 6 April 2009. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  45. ↑ "UK Indymedia - London Mayor 2008". Indymedia.org.uk. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
  46. ↑ "London elections May 2008". City Mayors. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
  47. ↑ "Brian Haw Peace Protester". Parliament-square.org.uk. Archived from the original on 3 March 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
  48. ↑ London Elects - E-Counting Process Archived 5 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  49. ↑ "Document summary - Electoral Commission". extranet.electoralcommission.org.uk. Archived from the original on 9 October 2009. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  50. ↑ "The Open Rights Group : Blog Archive » ORG verdict on London Elections: "Insufficient evidence" to declare confidence in results". Archived from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 15 July 2008.
  51. ↑ "Kable - Observers criticise London e-count - 2 July 2008". Kablenet.com. Archived from the original on 5 April 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
  52. ↑ Bobbie Johnson, technology correspondent (2 July 2008). "London mayoral election: doubts over 41,000 votes counted by machine". Guardian. Retrieved 19 April 2010.{{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  53. ↑ "2008 election results for the Mayor of London and the London Assembly". London Elects. 2 May 2008. Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
  54. ↑ "London Elects". London Elects. 1 May 2008. Archived from the original on 9 April 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.