List of hallucinogens

This is a list of hallucinogens, or psychoactive drugs that produce majorly altered states of consciousness. ^[1]

Serotonergic psychedelics (5-HT_2A receptor agonists)

Main article: List of psychedelic drugs

• Tryptamines such as psilocybin, psilocin, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenin, and α-methyltryptamine (AMT)
• Phenethylamines such as mescaline, DOM, 2C-B, 25I-NBOMe, and MDA
• Lysergamides such as LSD, ergine (LSA), ALD-52 (1A-LSD), ETH-LAD, and LSZ
• Others such as quipazine, MK-212, efavirenz, mefloquine (possibly), and RH-34

Dissociatives (NMDA receptor antagonists)

• Arylcyclohexylamines such as ketamine (K) and phencyclidine (PCP)
• Morphinans such as dextromethorphan (DXM), its active metabolite dextrorphan (DXO), and dextrallorphan (DXA)
• Adamantanes such as amantadine, memantine, and rimantadine
• Diarylethylamines such as diphenidine, ephenidine, fluorolintane, and methoxphenidine
• Inhalants such as nitrous oxide (N₂O) and xenon
• Others such as dizocilpine (MK-801 or MK801)

Deliriants (muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists)

See also: Deliriant § Classes of deliriants

• Atropine, scopolamine (hyoscine), and hyoscyamine, the active constituents of certain Solanaceae species
• Others such as diphenhydramine

κ-Opioid receptor agonists

• Salvinorin A, an opioid (κ-opioid receptor agonist), the active constituent of Salvia divinorum sage
• Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether, a semi-synthetic analogue of the natural product salvinorin A with longer duration and increased affinity and potency at the κ-opioid receptor
• Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether, a semi-synthetic analogue of the natural product salvinorin A with longer duration and increased affinity and potency at the κ-opioid receptor
• Benzomorphans such as pentazocine

GABAergics

GABA_A receptor agonists

• Muscimol and ibotenic acid, the active constituents of Amanita muscaria mushrooms
• Gaboxadol (THIP), a synthetic analogue of muscimol

GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulators

• Nonbenzodiazepines or Z drugs such as eszopiclone, zaleplon, zolpidem, and zopiclone

GABA reuptake inhibitors

• CI-966, a potent GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1) blocker

Oneirogens

• β-Carbolines and harmala alkaloids such as harmine, harmaline, tetrahydroharmine, 6-methoxyharmalan, and 6-methoxytetrahydroharman
• Iboga alkaloids such as ibogaine and noribogaine

Cannabinoids (CB₁ receptor agonists)

Main article: List of cannabinoids

• Phytocannabinoids such as Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC or simply THC)
• Synthetic cannabinoids such as nabilone, JWH-018, JWH-073, and HU-210

Certain monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors also produce partial or full cannabinoid-like discriminative stimulus effects in animal drug discrimination tests. ^[2] Conversely, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors, at least by themselves, do not substitute for cannabinoids. ^[2]

Other hallucinogens

• Carbogen, a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen gas
• Cryogenine (Vertine), the active constituent of certain Heimia species
• Glaucine, an aporphine alkaloid known to act as a positive allosteric modulator of serotonin 5-HT₂ receptors among other actions
• Hallucinogenic bolete mushrooms (e.g., Lanmaoa asiatica ) (unknown mechanism of action)
• Inhalants such as butane, propane, toluene, diethyl ether, enflurane, and chloroform (mixed mechanism of action)
• Myristicin and elemicin, the active constituents of nutmeg (unknown mechanism of action)

See also

• List of drugs
• List of substances used in rituals
• List of designer drugs
• List of psychedelic drugs
• List of cannabinoids
• List of investigational hallucinogens and entactogens

References

1. Walker, Scott R.; Pullella, Glenn A.; Piggott, Matthew J.; Duggan, Peter J. (5 July 2023). "Introduction to the chemistry and pharmacology of psychedelic drugs". Australian Journal of Chemistry. 76 (5): 236–257. doi: 10.1071/CH23050 . ISSN   0004-9425.
2. Wiley JL, Owens RA, Lichtman AH (2018). "Discriminative Stimulus Properties of Phytocannabinoids, Endocannabinoids, and Synthetic Cannabinoids". Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 39: 153–173. doi:10.1007/7854_2016_24. PMID   27278640.