In knot theory, prime knots are those knots that are indecomposable under the operation of knot sum. The prime knots with ten or fewer crossings are listed here for quick comparison of their properties and varied naming schemes.
Name | Picture | Alexander– Briggs– Rolfsen | Dowker– Thistlethwaite | Dowker notation | Conway notation | crossinglist |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unknot | 01 | 0a1 | — | — | 0 | |
Trefoil knot | 31 | 3a1 | 4 6 2 | [3] | 123:123 | |
Figure-eight knot | 41 | 4a1 | 4 6 8 2 | [22] | 1234:2143 1231\4324 | |
Cinquefoil knot | 51 | 5a2 | 6 8 10 2 4 | [5] | 12345:12345 | |
Three-twist knot | 52 | 5a1 | 4 8 10 2 6 | [32] | 12345:12543 1231\452354 | |
Stevedore knot | 61 | 6a3 | 4 8 12 10 2 6 | [42] | 123456:216543 1231\45632654 | |
62 knot | 62 | 6a2 | 4 8 10 12 2 6 | [312] | 123456:234165 1231\45632456 | |
63 knot | 63 | 6a1 | 4 8 10 2 12 6 | [2112] | 123456:236145 1231\45642356 1231\45236456 |
Picture | Alexander– Briggs– Rolfsen | Dowker– Thistlethwaite | Dowker notation | Conway notation | crossinglist |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
71 | 7a7 | 8 10 12 14 2 4 6 | [7] | 1-7:1-7 | |
72 | 7a4 | 4 10 14 12 2 8 6 | [52] | 1-7:127-3 | |
73 | 7a5 | 6 10 12 14 2 4 8 | [43] | ||
74 | 7a6 | 6 10 12 14 4 2 8 | [313] | ||
75 | 7a3 | 4 10 12 14 2 8 6 | [322] | ||
76 | 7a2 | 4 8 12 2 14 6 10 | [2212] | ||
77 | 7a1 | 4 8 10 12 2 14 6 | [21112] |
Picture | Alexander– Briggs– Rolfsen | Dowker– Thistlethwaite | Dowker notation | Conway notation |
---|---|---|---|---|
81 | 8a11 | 4 10 16 14 12 2 8 6 | [62] | |
82 | 8a8 | 4 10 12 14 16 2 6 8 | [512] | |
83 | 8a18 | 6 12 10 16 14 4 2 8 | [44] | |
84 | 8a17 | 6 10 12 16 14 4 2 8 | [413] | |
85 | 8a13 | 6 8 12 2 14 16 4 10 | [3,3,2] | |
86 | 8a10 | 4 10 14 16 12 2 8 6 | [332] | |
87 | 8a6 | 4 10 12 14 2 16 6 8 | [4112] | |
88 | 8a4 | 4 8 12 2 16 14 6 10 | [2312] | |
89 | 8a16 | 6 10 12 14 16 4 2 8 | [3113] | |
810 | 8a3 | 4 8 12 2 14 16 6 10 | [3,21,2] | |
811 | 8a9 | 4 10 12 14 16 2 8 6 | [3212] | |
812 | 8a5 | 4 8 14 10 2 16 6 12 | [2222] | |
813 | 8a7 | 4 10 12 14 2 16 8 6 | [31112] | |
814 | 8a1 | 4 8 10 14 2 16 6 12 | [22112] | |
815 | 8a2 | 4 8 12 2 14 6 16 10 | [21,21,2] | |
816 | 8a15 | 6 8 14 12 4 16 2 10 | [.2.20] | |
817 | 8a14 | 6 8 12 14 4 16 2 10 | [.2.2] | |
818 | 8a12 | 6 8 10 12 14 16 2 4 | [8*] | |
819 | 8n3 | 4 8 -12 2 -14 -16 -6 -10 | [3,3,2-] | |
820 | 8n1 | 4 8 -12 2 -14 -6 -16 -10 | [3,21,2-] | |
821 | 8n2 | 4 8 -12 2 14 -6 16 10 | [21,21,2-] |
Picture | Alexander– Briggs– Rolfsen | Dowker– Thistlethwaite | Dowker notation | Conway notation |
---|---|---|---|---|
91 | 9a41 | 10 12 14 16 18 2 4 6 8 | [9] | |
92 | 9a27 | 4 12 18 16 14 2 10 8 6 | [72] | |
93 | 9a38 | 8 12 14 16 18 2 4 6 10 | [63] | |
94 | 9a35 | 6 12 14 18 16 2 4 10 8 | [54] | |
95 | 9a36 | 6 12 14 18 16 4 2 10 8 | [513] | |
96 | 9a23 | 4 12 14 16 18 2 10 6 8 | [522] | |
97 | 9a26 | 4 12 16 18 14 2 10 8 6 | [342] | |
98 | 9a8 | 4 8 14 2 18 16 6 12 10 | [2412] | |
99 | 9a33 | 6 12 14 16 18 2 4 10 8 | [423] | |
910 | 9a39 | 8 12 14 16 18 2 6 4 10 | [333] | |
911 | 9a20 | 4 10 14 16 12 2 18 6 8 | [4122] | |
912 | 9a22 | 4 10 16 14 2 18 8 6 12 | [4212] | |
913 | 9a34 | 6 12 14 16 18 4 2 10 8 | [3213] | |
914 | 9a17 | 4 10 12 16 14 2 18 8 6 | [41112] | |
915 | 9a10 | 4 8 14 10 2 18 16 6 12 | [2322] | |
916 | 9a25 | 4 12 16 18 14 2 8 10 6 | [3,3,2+] | |
917 | 9a14 | 4 10 12 14 16 2 6 18 8 | [21312] | |
918 | 9a24 | 4 12 14 16 18 2 10 8 6 | [3222] | |
919 | 9a3 | 4 8 10 14 2 18 16 6 12 | [23112] | |
920 | 9a19 | 4 10 14 16 2 18 8 6 12 | [31212] | |
921 | 9a21 | 4 10 14 16 12 2 18 8 6 | [31122] | |
922 | 9a2 | 4 8 10 14 2 16 18 6 12 | [211,3,2] | |
923 | 9a16 | 4 10 12 16 2 8 18 6 14 | [22122] | |
924 | 9a7 | 4 8 14 2 16 18 6 12 10 | [3,21,2+] | |
925 | 9a4 | 4 8 12 2 16 6 18 10 14 | [22,21,2] | |
926 | 9a15 | 4 10 12 14 16 2 18 8 6 | [311112] | |
927 | 9a12 | 4 10 12 14 2 18 16 6 8 | [212112] | |
928 | 9a5 | 4 8 12 2 16 14 6 18 10 | [21,21,2+] | |
929 | 9a31 | 6 10 14 18 4 16 8 2 12 | [.2.20.2] | |
930 | 9a1 | 4 8 10 14 2 16 6 18 12 | [211,21,2] | |
931 | 9a13 | 4 10 12 14 2 18 16 8 6 | [2111112] | |
932 | 9a6 | 4 8 12 14 2 16 18 10 6 | [.21.20] | |
933 | 9a11 | 4 8 14 12 2 16 18 10 6 | [.21.2] | |
934 | 9a28 | 6 8 10 16 14 18 4 2 12 | [8*20] | |
935 | 9a40 | 8 12 16 14 18 4 2 6 10 | [3,3,3] | |
936 | 9a9 | 4 8 14 10 2 16 18 6 12 | [22,3,2] | |
937 | 9a18 | 4 10 14 12 16 2 6 18 8 | [3,21,21] | |
938 | 9a30 | 6 10 14 18 4 16 2 8 12 | [.2.2.2] | |
939 | 9a32 | 6 10 14 18 16 2 8 4 12 | [2:2:20] | |
940 | 9a27 | 6 16 14 12 4 2 18 10 8 | [9*] | |
941 | 9a29 | 6 10 14 12 16 2 18 4 8 | [20:20:20] | |
942 | 9n4 | 4 8 10 −14 2 −16 −18 −6 −12 | [22,3,2−] | |
943 | 9n3 | 4 8 10 14 2 −16 6 −18 −12 | [211,3,2−] | |
944 | 9n1 | 4 8 10 −14 2 −16 −6 −18 −12 | [22,21,2−] | |
945 | 9n2 | 4 8 10 −14 2 16 −6 18 12 | [211,21,2−] | |
946 | 9n5 | 4 10 −14 −12 −16 2 −6 −18 −8 | [3,3,21−] | |
947 | 9n7 | 6 8 10 16 14 −18 4 2 −12 | [8*-20] | |
948 | 9n6 | 4 10 −14 −12 16 2 −6 18 8 | [21,21,21−] | |
949 | 9n8 | 6 -10 −14 12 −16 −2 18 −4 −8 | [−20:−20:−20] |
Picture | Alexander– Briggs– Rolfsen | Dowker– Thistlethwaite | Dowker notation | Conway notation |
---|---|---|---|---|
101 | 10a75 | 4 12 20 18 16 14 2 10 8 6 | [82] | |
102 | 10a59 | 4 12 14 16 18 20 2 6 8 10 | [712] | |
103 | 10a117 | 6 14 12 20 18 16 4 2 10 8 | [64] | |
104 | 10a113 | 6 12 14 20 18 16 4 2 10 8 | [613] | |
105 | 10a56 | 4 12 14 16 18 2 20 6 8 10 | [6112] | |
106 | 10a70 | 4 12 16 18 20 14 2 10 6 8 | [532] | |
107 | 10a65 | 4 12 14 18 16 20 2 10 8 6 | [5212] | |
108 | 10a114 | 6 14 12 16 18 20 4 2 8 10 | [514] | |
109 | 10a110 | 6 12 14 16 18 20 4 2 8 10 | [5113] | |
1010 | 10a64 | 4 12 14 18 16 2 20 10 8 6 | [51112] | |
1011 | 10a116 | 6 14 12 18 20 16 4 2 10 8 | [433] | |
1012 | 10a43 | 4 10 14 16 2 20 18 6 8 12 | [4312] | |
1013 | 10a54 | 4 10 18 16 12 2 20 8 6 14 | [4222] | |
1014 | 10a33 | 4 10 12 16 18 2 20 6 8 14 | [42112] | |
1015 | 10a68 | 4 12 16 18 14 2 10 20 6 8 | [4132] | |
1016 | 10a115 | 6 14 12 16 18 20 4 2 10 8 | [4123] | |
1017 | 10a107 | 6 12 14 16 18 2 4 20 8 10 | [4114] | |
1018 | 10a63 | 4 12 14 18 16 2 10 20 8 6 | [41122] | |
1019 | 10a108 | 6 12 14 16 18 2 4 20 10 8 | [41113] | |
1020 | 10a74 | 4 12 18 20 16 14 2 10 8 6 | [352] | |
1021 | 10a60 | 4 12 14 16 18 20 2 6 10 8 | [3412] | |
1022 | 10a112 | 6 12 14 18 20 16 4 2 10 8 | [3313] | |
1023 | 10a57 | 4 12 14 16 18 2 20 6 10 8 | [33112] | |
1024 | 10a71 | 4 12 16 18 20 14 2 10 8 6 | [3232] | |
1025 | 10a61 | 4 12 14 16 18 20 2 10 8 6 | [32212] | |
1026 | 10a111 | 6 12 14 16 18 20 4 2 10 8 | [32113] | |
1027 | 10a58 | 4 12 14 16 18 2 20 10 8 6 | [321112] | |
1028 | 10a44 | 4 10 14 16 2 20 18 8 6 12 | [31312] | |
1029 | 10a53 | 4 10 16 18 12 2 20 8 6 14 | [31222] | |
1030 | 10a34 | 4 10 12 16 18 2 20 8 6 14 | [312112] | |
1031 | 10a69 | 4 12 16 18 14 2 10 20 8 6 | [31132] | |
1032 | 10a55 | 4 12 14 16 18 2 10 20 8 6 | [311122] | |
1033 | 10a109 | 6 12 14 16 18 4 2 20 10 8 | [311113] | |
1034 | 10a19 | 4 8 14 2 20 18 16 6 12 10 | [2512] | |
1035 | 10a23 | 4 8 16 10 2 20 18 6 14 12 | [2422] | |
1036 | 10a5 | 4 8 10 16 2 20 18 6 14 12 | [24112] | |
1037 | 10a49 | 4 10 16 12 2 8 20 18 6 14 | [2332] | |
1038 | 10a29 | 4 10 12 16 2 8 20 18 6 14 | [23122] | |
1039 | 10a26 | 4 10 12 14 18 2 6 20 8 16 | [22312] | |
1040 | 10a30 | 4 10 12 16 2 20 6 18 8 14 | [222112] | |
1041 | 10a35 | 4 10 12 16 20 2 8 18 6 14 | [221212] | |
1042 | 10a31 | 4 10 12 16 2 20 8 18 6 14 | [2211112] | |
1043 | 10a52 | 4 10 16 14 2 20 8 18 6 12 | [212212] | |
1044 | 10a32 | 4 10 12 16 14 2 20 18 8 6 | [2121112] | |
1045 | 10a25 | 4 10 12 14 16 2 20 18 8 6 | [21111112] | |
1046 | 10a81 | 6 8 14 2 16 18 20 4 10 12 | [5,3,2] | |
1047 | 10a15 | 4 8 14 2 16 18 20 6 10 12 | [5,21,2] | |
1048 | 10a79 | 6 8 14 2 16 18 4 20 10 12 | [41,3,2] | |
1049 | 10a13 | 4 8 14 2 16 18 6 20 10 12 | [41,21,2] | |
1050 | 10a82 | 6 8 14 2 16 18 20 4 12 10 | [32,3,2] | |
1051 | 10a16 | 4 8 14 2 16 18 20 6 12 10 | [32,21,2] | |
1052 | 10a80 | 6 8 14 2 16 18 4 20 12 10 | [311,3,2] | |
1053 | 10a14 | 4 8 14 2 16 18 6 20 12 10 | [311,21,2] | |
1054 | 10a48 | 4 10 16 12 2 8 18 20 6 14 | [23,3,2] | |
1055 | 10a9 | 4 8 12 2 16 6 20 18 10 14 | [23,21,2] | |
1056 | 10a28 | 4 10 12 16 2 8 18 20 6 14 | [221,3,2] | |
1057 | 10a6 | 4 8 12 2 14 18 6 20 10 16 | [221,21,2] | |
1058 | 10a20 | 4 8 14 10 2 18 6 20 12 16 | [22,22,2] | |
1059 | 10a2 | 4 8 10 14 2 18 6 20 12 16 | [22,211,2] | |
1060 | 10a1 | 4 8 10 14 2 16 18 6 20 12 | [211,211,2] | |
1061 | 10a123 | 8 10 16 14 2 18 20 6 4 12 | [4,3,3] | |
1062 | 10a41 | 4 10 14 16 2 18 20 6 8 12 | [4,3,21] | |
1063 | 10a51 | 4 10 16 14 2 18 8 6 20 12 | [4,21,21] | |
1064 | 10a122 | 8 10 14 16 2 18 20 6 4 12 | [31,3,3] | |
1065 | 10a42 | 4 10 14 16 2 18 20 8 6 12 | [31,3,21] | |
1066 | 10a40 | 4 10 14 16 2 18 8 6 20 12 | [31,21,21] | |
1067 | 10a37 | 4 10 14 12 18 2 6 20 8 16 | [22,3,21] | |
1068 | 10a67 | 4 12 16 14 18 2 20 6 10 8 | [211,3,3] | |
1069 | 10a38 | 4 10 14 12 18 2 16 6 20 8 | [211,21,21] | |
1070 | 10a22 | 4 8 16 10 2 18 20 6 14 12 | [22,3,2+] | |
1071 | 10a10 | 4 8 12 2 18 14 6 20 10 16 | [22,21,2+] | |
1072 | 10a4 | 4 8 10 16 2 18 20 6 14 12 | [211,3,2+] | |
1073 | 10a3 | 4 8 10 14 2 18 16 6 20 12 | [211,21,2+] | |
1074 | 10a62 | 4 12 14 16 20 18 2 8 6 10 | [3,3,21+] | |
1075 | 10a27 | 4 10 12 14 18 2 16 6 20 8 | [21,21,21+] | |
1076 | 10a73 | 4 12 18 20 14 16 2 10 8 6 | [3,3,2++] | |
1077 | 10a18 | 4 8 14 2 18 20 16 6 12 10 | [3,21,2++] | |
1078 | 10a17 | 4 8 14 2 18 16 6 12 20 10 | [21,21,2++] | |
1079 | 10a78 | 6 8 12 2 16 4 18 20 10 14 | [(3,2)(3,2)] | |
1080 | 10a8 | 4 8 12 2 16 6 18 20 10 14 | [(3,2)(21,2)] | |
1081 | 10a7 | 4 8 12 2 16 6 18 10 20 14 | [(21,2)(21,2)] | |
1082 | 10a83 | 6 8 14 16 4 18 20 2 10 12 | [.4.2] | |
1083 | 10a84 | 6 8 16 14 4 18 20 2 12 10 | [.31.20] | |
1084 | 10a50 | 4 10 16 14 2 8 18 20 12 6 | [.22.2] | |
1085 | 10a86 | 6 8 16 14 4 18 20 2 10 12 | [.4.20] | |
1086 | 10a87 | 6 8 14 16 4 18 20 2 12 10 | [.31.2] | |
1087 | 10a39 | 4 10 14 16 2 8 18 20 12 6 | [.22.20] | |
1088 | 10a11 | 4 8 12 14 2 16 20 18 10 6 | [.21.21] | |
1089 | 10a21 | 4 8 14 12 2 16 20 18 10 6 | [.21.210] | |
1090 | 10a92 | 6 10 14 2 16 20 18 8 4 12 | [.3.2.2] | |
1091 | 10a106 | 6 10 20 14 16 18 4 8 2 12 | [.3.2.20] | |
1092 | 10a46 | 4 10 14 18 2 16 8 20 12 6 | [.21.2.20] | |
1093 | 10a101 | 6 10 16 20 14 4 18 2 12 8 | [.3.20.2] | |
1094 | 10a91 | 6 10 14 2 16 18 20 8 4 12 | [.30.2.2] | |
1095 | 10a47 | 4 10 14 18 2 16 20 8 12 6 | [.210.2.2] | |
1096 | 10a24 | 4 8 18 12 2 16 20 6 10 14 | [.2.21.2] | |
1097 | 10a12 | 4 8 12 18 2 16 20 6 10 14 | [.2.210.2] | |
1098 | 10a96 | 6 10 14 18 2 16 20 4 8 12 | [.2.2.2.20] | |
1099 | 10a103 | 6 10 18 14 2 16 20 8 4 12 | [.2.2.20.20] | |
10100 | 10a104 | 6 10 18 14 16 4 20 8 2 12 | [3:2:2] | |
10101 | 10a45 | 4 10 14 18 2 16 6 20 8 12 | [21:2:2] | |
10102 | 10a97 | 6 10 14 18 16 4 20 2 8 12 | [3:2:20] | |
10103 | 10a105 | 6 10 18 16 14 4 20 8 2 12 | [30:2:2] | |
10104 | 10a118 | 6 16 12 14 18 4 20 2 8 10 | [3:20:20] | |
10105 | 10a72 | 4 12 16 20 18 2 8 6 10 14 | [21:20:20] | |
10106 | 10a95 | 6 10 14 16 18 4 20 2 8 12 | [30:2:20] | |
10107 | 10a66 | 4 12 16 14 18 2 8 20 10 6 | [210:2:20] | |
10108 | 10a119 | 6 16 12 14 18 4 20 2 10 8 | [30:20:20] | |
10109 | 10a93 | 6 10 14 16 2 18 4 20 8 12 | [2.2.2.2] | |
10110 | 10a100 | 6 10 16 20 14 2 18 4 8 12 | [2.2.2.20] | |
10111 | 10a98 | 6 10 16 14 2 18 8 20 4 12 | [2.2.20.2] | |
10112 | 10a76 | 6 8 10 14 16 18 20 2 4 12 | [8*3] | |
10113 | 10a36 | 4 10 14 12 2 16 18 20 8 6 | [8*21] | |
10114 | 10a77 | 6 8 10 14 16 20 18 2 4 12 | [8*30] | |
10115 | 10a94 | 6 10 14 16 4 18 2 20 12 8 | [8*20.20] | |
10116 | 10a120 | 6 16 18 14 2 4 20 8 10 12 | [8*2:2] | |
10117 | 10a99 | 6 10 16 14 18 4 20 2 12 8 | [8*2:20] | |
10118 | 10a88 | 6 8 18 14 16 4 20 2 10 12 | [8*2:.2] | |
10119 | 10a85 | 6 8 14 18 16 4 20 10 2 12 | [8*2:.20] | |
10120 | 10a102 | 6 10 18 12 4 16 20 8 2 14 | [8*20::20] | |
10121 | 10a90 | 6 10 12 20 18 16 8 2 4 14 | [9*20] | |
10122 | 10a89 | 6 10 12 14 18 16 20 2 4 8 | [9*.20] | |
10123 | 10a121 | 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 4 6 | [10*] | |
10124 | 10n21 | 4 8 -14 2 -16 -18 -20 -6 -10 -12 | [5,3,2-] | |
10125 | 10n15 | 4 8 14 2 -16 -18 6 -20 -10 -12 | [5,21,2-] | |
10126 | 10n17 | 4 8 -14 2 -16 -18 -6 -20 -10 -12 | [41,3,2-] | |
10127 | 10n16 | 4 8 -14 2 16 18 -6 20 10 12 | [41,21,2-] | |
10128 | 10n22 | 4 8 -14 2 -16 -18 -20 -6 -12 -10 | [32,3,2-] | |
10129 | 10n18 | 4 8 14 2 -16 -18 6 -20 -12 -10 | [32,21,-2] | |
10130 | 10n20 | 4 8 -14 2 -16 -18 -6 -20 -12 -10 | [311,3,2-] | |
10131 | 10n19 | 4 8 -14 2 16 18 -6 20 12 10 | [311,21,2-] | |
10132 | 10n13 | 4 8 -12 2 -16 -6 -20 -18 -10 -14 | [23,3,2-] | |
10133 | 10n4 | 4 8 12 2 -14 -18 6 -20 -10 -16 | [23,21,2-] | |
10134 | 10n6 | 4 8 -12 2 -14 -18 -6 -20 -10 -16 | [221,3,2-] | |
10135 | 10n5 | 4 8 -12 2 14 18 -6 20 10 16 | [221,21,2-] | |
10136 | 10n3 | 4 8 10 -14 2 -18 -6 -20 -12 -16 | [22,22,2-] | |
10137 | 10n2 | 4 8 10 -14 2 -16 -18 -6 -20 -12 | [22,211,2-] | |
10138 | 10n1 | 4 8 10 -14 2 16 18 -6 20 12 | [211,211,2-] | |
10139 | 10n27 | 4 10 -14 -16 2 -18 -20 -6 -8 -12 | [4,3,3-] | |
10140 | 10n29 | 4 10 -14 -16 2 18 20 -8 -6 12 | [4,3,21-] | |
10141 | 10n25 | 4 10 -14 -16 2 18 -8 -6 20 12 | [4,21,21-] | |
10142 | 10n30 | 4 10 -14 -16 2 -18 -20 -8 -6 -12 | [31,3,3-] | |
10143 | 10n26 | 4 10 -14 -16 2 -18 -8 -6 -20 -12 | [31,3,21-] | |
10144 | 10n28 | 4 10 14 16 2 -18 -20 8 6 -12 | [31,21,21-] | |
10145 | 10n14 | 4 8 -12 -18 2 -16 -20 -6 -10 -14 | [22,3,3-] | |
10146 | 10n23 | 4 8 -18 -12 2 -16 -20 -6 -10 -14 | [22,21,21-] | |
10147 | 10n24 | 4 10 -14 12 2 16 18 -20 8 -6 | [211,3,21-] | |
10148 | 10n12 | 4 8 -12 2 -16 -6 -18 -20 -10 -14 | [(3,2)(3,2-)] | |
10149 | 10n11 | 4 8 -12 2 16 -6 18 20 10 14 | [(3,2)(21,2-)] | |
10150 | 10n9 | 4 8 -12 2 -16 -6 -18 -10 -20 -14 | [(21,2)(3,2-)] | |
10151 | 10n8 | 4 8 -12 2 16 -6 18 10 20 14 | [(21,2)(21,2-)] | |
10152 | 10n36 | 6 8 12 2 -16 4 -18 -20 -10 -14 | [(3,2)-(3,2)] | |
10153 | 10n10 | 4 8 12 2 -16 6 -18 -20 -10 -14 | [(3,2)-(21,2)] | |
10154 | 10n7 | 4 8 12 2 -16 6 -18 -10 -20 -14 | [(21,2)-(21,2)] | |
10155 | 10n39 | 6 10 14 16 18 4 -20 2 8 -12 | [-3:2:2] | |
10156 | 10n32 | 4 12 16 -14 18 2 -8 20 10 6 | [-3:2:20] | |
10157 | 10n42 | 6 -10 -18 14 -2 -16 20 8 -4 12 | [-3:20:20] | |
10158 | 10n41 | 6 -10 -16 14 -2 -18 8 20 -4 -12 | [-30:2:2] | |
10159 | 10n34 | 6 8 10 14 16 -18 -20 2 4 -12 | [-30:2:20] | |
10160 | 10n33 | 4 12 -16 -14 -18 2 -8 -20 -10 -6 | [-30:20:20] | |
10161 [lower-alpha 1] | 10n31 | 4 12 -16 14 -18 2 8 -20 -10 -6 | [3:-20:-20] | |
10162 [lower-alpha 2] | 10n40 | 6 10 14 18 16 4 -20 2 8 -12 | [-30:-20:-20] | |
10163 [lower-alpha 3] | 10n35 | 6 8 10 14 16 -20 -18 2 4 -12 | [8*-30] | |
10164 [lower-alpha 4] | 10n38 | 6 -10 -12 14 -18 -16 20 -2 -4 -8 | [8*2:-20] | |
10165 [lower-alpha 5] | 10n37 | 6 8 14 18 16 4 -20 10 2 -12 | [8*2:.-20] |
Name | Picture | Alexander– Briggs– Rolfsen | Dowker– Thistlethwaite | Dowker notation | Conway notation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unlink | 02 1 | — | — | — | |
Hopf link | 22 1 | L2a1 | — | [2] | |
Solomon's knot | 42 1 | L4a1 | — | [4] | |
Whitehead link | 52 1 | L5a1 | — | [212] | |
L6a1 | 62 3 | L6a1 | — | — | |
L6a2 | 62 2 | L6a2 | — | — | |
L6a3 | 62 1 | L6a3 | — | — | |
Borromean rings | 63 2 | L6a4 | — | [.1] | |
L6a5 | 63 1 | L6a5 | — | — | |
L6n1 | 63 3 | L6n1 | — | — | |
L7a1 | 72 6 | L7a1 | — | — | |
L7a2 | 72 5 | L7a2 | — | — | |
L7a3 | 72 4 | L7a3 | — | — | |
L7a4 | 72 3 | L7a4 | — | — | |
L7a5 | 72 2 | L7a5 | — | — | |
L7a6 | 72 1 | L7a6 | — | — | |
L7a7 | 73 1 | L7a7 | — | — | |
L7n1 | 72 7 | L7n1 | — | — | |
L7n2 | 72 8 | L7n2 | (6,-8|-10,12,-14,2,-4) | — |
Picture | Alexander– Briggs– Rolfsen | Dowker– Thistlethwaite | Dowker notation | Conway notation |
---|---|---|---|---|
82 1 | L8a14 | — | — | |
— | L10a140 | — | [.3:30] |
In the mathematical field of topology, knot theory is the study of mathematical knots. While inspired by knots which appear in daily life, such as those in shoelaces and rope, a mathematical knot differs in that the ends are joined so it cannot be undone, the simplest knot being a ring. In mathematical language, a knot is an embedding of a circle in 3-dimensional Euclidean space, . Two mathematical knots are equivalent if one can be transformed into the other via a deformation of upon itself ; these transformations correspond to manipulations of a knotted string that do not involve cutting it or passing it through itself.
In the mathematical field of knot theory, a knot invariant is a quantity defined for each knot which is the same for equivalent knots. The equivalence is often given by ambient isotopy but can be given by homeomorphism. Some invariants are indeed numbers (algebraic), but invariants can range from the simple, such as a yes/no answer, to those as complex as a homology theory. Research on invariants is not only motivated by the basic problem of distinguishing one knot from another but also to understand fundamental properties of knots and their relations to other branches of mathematics. Knot invariants are thus used in knot classification, both in "enumeration" and "duplication removal".
A knot invariant is a quantity defined on the set of all knots, which takes the same value for any two equivalent knots. For example, a knot group is a knot invariant.
Typically a knot invariant is a combinatorial quantity defined on knot diagrams. Thus if two knot diagrams differ with respect to some knot invariant, they must represent different knots. However, as is generally the case with topological invariants, if two knot diagrams share the same values with respect to a [single] knot invariant, then we still cannot conclude that the knots are the same.
In knot theory, a prime knot or prime link is a knot that is, in a certain sense, indecomposable. Specifically, it is a non-trivial knot which cannot be written as the knot sum of two non-trivial knots. Knots that are not prime are said to be composite knots or composite links. It can be a nontrivial problem to determine whether a given knot is prime or not.
In mathematics, the Borromean rings are three simple closed curves in three-dimensional space that are topologically linked and cannot be separated from each other, but that break apart into two unknotted and unlinked loops when any one of the three is cut or removed. Most commonly, these rings are drawn as three circles in the plane, in the pattern of a Venn diagram, alternatingly crossing over and under each other at the points where they cross. Other triples of curves are said to form the Borromean rings as long as they are topologically equivalent to the curves depicted in this drawing.
In mathematics, the Alexander polynomial is a knot invariant which assigns a polynomial with integer coefficients to each knot type. James Waddell Alexander II discovered this, the first knot polynomial, in 1923. In 1969, John Conway showed a version of this polynomial, now called the Alexander–Conway polynomial, could be computed using a skein relation, although its significance was not realized until the discovery of the Jones polynomial in 1984. Soon after Conway's reworking of the Alexander polynomial, it was realized that a similar skein relation was exhibited in Alexander's paper on his polynomial.
In knot theory, a torus knot is a special kind of knot that lies on the surface of an unknotted torus in R3. Similarly, a torus link is a link which lies on the surface of a torus in the same way. Each torus knot is specified by a pair of coprime integers p and q. A torus link arises if p and q are not coprime. A torus knot is trivial if and only if either p or q is equal to 1 or −1. The simplest nontrivial example is the (2,3)-torus knot, also known as the trefoil knot.
In mathematics, a hyperbolic link is a link in the 3-sphere with complement that has a complete Riemannian metric of constant negative curvature, i.e. has a hyperbolic geometry. A hyperbolic knot is a hyperbolic link with one component.
The Tait conjectures are three conjectures made by 19th-century mathematician Peter Guthrie Tait in his study of knots. The Tait conjectures involve concepts in knot theory such as alternating knots, chirality, and writhe. All of the Tait conjectures have been solved, the most recent being the Flyping conjecture.
A slice knot is a mathematical knot in 3-dimensional space that bounds an embedded disk in 4-dimensional space.
In mathematics, the Eilenberg–Mazur swindle, named after Samuel Eilenberg and Barry Mazur, is a method of proof that involves paradoxical properties of infinite sums. In geometric topology it was introduced by Mazur and is often called the Mazur swindle. In algebra it was introduced by Samuel Eilenberg and is known as the Eilenberg swindle or Eilenberg telescope.
In the mathematical theory of knots, the Perko pair, named after Kenneth Perko, is a pair of entries in classical knot tables that actually represent the same knot. In Dale Rolfsen's knot table, this supposed pair of distinct knots is labeled 10161 and 10162. In 1973, while working to complete the classification by knot type of the Tait–Little knot tables of knots up to 10 crossings (dating from the late 19th century), Perko found the duplication in Charles Newton Little's table. This duplication had been missed by John Horton Conway several years before in his knot table and subsequently found its way into Rolfsen's table. The Perko pair gives a counterexample to a "theorem" claimed by Little in 1900 that the writhe of a reduced diagram of a knot is an invariant (see Tait conjectures), as the two diagrams for the pair have different writhes.
Ever since Sir William Thomson's vortex theory, mathematicians have tried to classify and tabulate all possible knots. As of May 2008, all prime knots up to 16 crossings have been tabulated. The major challenge of the process is that many apparently different knots may actually be different geometrical presentations of the same topological entity, and that proving or disproving knot equivalence is much more difficult than it at first seems.
In the mathematical area of knot theory, the crossing number of a knot is the smallest number of crossings of any diagram of the knot. It is a knot invariant.
Mathematical phenomena can be understood and explored via visualization. Classically this consisted of two-dimensional drawings or building three-dimensional models, while today it most frequently consists of using computers to make static two or three dimensional drawings, animations, or interactive programs. Writing programs to visualize mathematics is an aspect of computational geometry.
In knot theory, a branch of mathematics, a twist knot is a knot obtained by repeatedly twisting a closed loop and then linking the ends together. The twist knots are an infinite family of knots, and are considered the simplest type of knots after the torus knots.
In the mathematical area of knot theory, the unknotting number of a knot is the minimum number of times the knot must be passed through itself to untie it. If a knot has unknotting number , then there exists a diagram of the knot which can be changed to unknot by switching crossings. The unknotting number of a knot is always less than half of its crossing number.
Perko is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
In knot theory, a knot move or operation is a change or changes which preserve crossing number. Operations are used to investigate whether knots are equivalent, prime or reduced.