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The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961 is an international treaty that defines a framework for diplomatic relations between independent countries. Its aim is to facilitate "the development of friendly relations" among governments through a uniform set of practices and principles; most notably, it codifies the longstanding custom of diplomatic immunity, in which diplomatic missions are granted privileges that enable diplomats to perform their functions without fear of coercion or harassment by the host country. The Vienna Convention is a cornerstone of modern international relations and international law and is almost universally ratified and observed; it is considered one of the most successful legal instruments drafted under the United Nations.
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The Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, also known as the 1951 Refugee Convention or the Geneva Convention of 28 July 1951 is a United Nations multilateral treaty that defines who a refugee is and sets out the rights of individuals who are granted asylum and the responsibilities of nations that grant asylum. The Convention also sets out which people do not qualify as refugees, such as war criminals. The Convention also provides for some visa-free travel for holders of refugee travel documents issued under the convention.
The Belovezha Accords is the agreement declaring that the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) had effectively ceased to exist and establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in its place as a successor entity. The documentation was signed at the state dacha near Viskuli in Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Belarus on 8 December 1991, by leaders of three of the four republics which had signed the 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR:
Human rights are largely respected in Switzerland, one of Europe's oldest democracies. Switzerland is often at or near the top in international rankings of civil liberties and political rights observance. Switzerland places human rights at the core of the nation's value system, as represented in its Federal Constitution. As described in its FDFA's Foreign Policy Strategy 2016-2019, the promotion of peace, mutual respect, equality and non-discrimination are central to the country's foreign relations.
The Treaty of Bern, signed on 9 October 1874, established the General Postal Union, which is today known as the Universal Postal Union. Named for the Swiss city of Bern, where it was signed, the treaty was the result of an international conference convened by the Swiss Government on 15 September 1874. It was attended by representatives of 22 nations. Plans for the conference had been drawn up by Heinrich von Stephan, Postmaster-General of the German Reichspost who demanded from the neutral Switzerland the organization of an International Postal Congress following the end of the French-German war of 1870–1871.
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The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is an international human rights treaty of the United Nations intended to protect the rights and dignity of persons with disabilities. Parties to the convention are required to promote, protect, and ensure the full enjoyment of human rights by persons with disabilities and ensure that persons with disabilities enjoy full equality under the law. The Convention serves as a major catalyst in the global disability rights movement enabling a shift from viewing persons with disabilities as objects of charity, medical treatment and social protection towards viewing them as full and equal members of society, with human rights. The convention was the first U.N. human rights treaty of the twenty-first century.
The Geneva Conventions are international humanitarian laws consisting of four treaties and three additional protocols that establish international legal standards for humanitarian treatment in war. The singular term Geneva Convention colloquially denotes the agreements of 1949, negotiated in the aftermath of the Second World War (1939–1945), which updated the terms of the two 1929 treaties and added two new conventions. The Geneva Conventions extensively define the basic rights of wartime prisoners, civilians and military personnel; establish protections for the wounded and sick; and provide protections for the civilians in and around a war-zone.
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The International Convention Concerning the Use of Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace is a 1936 League of Nations treaty whereby states agreed to prohibit the use of broadcasting for propaganda or the spreading of false news. It was the first international treaty to bind states to "restrict expression which constituted a threat to international peace and security".
References
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- ↑ "Organs Supplement", Repertory of Practice (PDF), UN, p. 10, archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-19, retrieved 2014-04-10
- ↑ "Non-member States". United Nations . Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ "TREATIES DEPOSITED WITH THE SECRETARY-GENERAL CLOSE TO UNIVERSAL PARTICIPATION" (PDF). United Nations. 2016-05-27. Retrieved 2016-09-08.
- ↑ Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer: Treaty status.
- ↑ Montreal Protocol: Treaty status.
- ↑ UN Framework Convention on Climate Change: Treaty status.
- ↑ UN Convention to Combat Desertification: Treaty status.
- ↑ "Conventions de Genève pour la protection des victimes de la guerre: Convention pour l'amélioration du sort des blessés et des malades dans les forces armées en campagne" (PDF) (in French). Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerland . Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ "Conventions de Genève pour la protection des victimes de la guerre: Convention pour l'amélioration du sort des blessés, des malades et des naufragés des forces armées sur mer" (PDF) (in French). Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerland . Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ "Conventions de Genève pour la protection des victimes de la guerre: Convention relative au traitement des prisonniers de guerre" (PDF) (in French). Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerland . Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ "Conventions de Genève pour la protection des victimes de la guerre: Convention relative à la protection des personnes civiles en temps de guerre" (PDF) (in French). Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerland . Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ Convention on the Rights of the Child: Treaty status.
- ↑ Convention on Biological Diversity: Treaty status.
- ↑ Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation: Treaty status.
- ↑ Acte constitutif de l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’Alimentation et l’Agriculture (FAO): Etats membres.
- ↑ Membership of FAO.
- ↑ Paris Agreement: Treaty status
- ↑ Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage: Treaty status.
- ↑ Constitution of the World Health Organization: Treaty status.
- ↑ United Nations Charter: Treaty status.
- ↑ ITU Member States.
- ↑ In 1992, the Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union replaced and succeeded the 1865 International Telegraph Convention as the founding document of the ITU.
- ↑ Chemical Weapons Convention: Treaty status.
- ↑ Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation: Treaty status.
- ↑ Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations: Treaty status.
- ↑ WIPO Convention: Treaty status.
- ↑ Interpol Member countries .
- ↑ Interpol Membership - Historical Perspective
- ↑ Kyoto Protocol: Treaty status.
- ↑ UN Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances: Treaty status.
- ↑ United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime: Treaty status.
- ↑ International Convention against Doping in Sport: Treaty status.
- ↑ Basel Convention: Treaty status.
- ↑ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: Treaty status.
- ↑ Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons: Treaty status.
- ↑ "Democratic People's Republic of Korea: Accession to Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)". United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs . Retrieved 2013-03-01.
- ↑ International Monetary Fund: List of members.
- ↑ United Nations Convention against Corruption: Treaty status.
- ↑ International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism: Treaty status.
- ↑ Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women: Treaty status.
- ↑ IBRD Members.
- ↑ Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation: Treaty status.
- 1 2 "List of member countries of the Universal Postal Union" (PDF). Universal Postal Union. 2014-07-31. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-06-05. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
- ↑ Universal Postal Union: Member countries.
- 1 2 "Constitution General Regulations" (PDF). Universal Postal Union. 2010. pp. XII. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-06-05. Retrieved 2014-08-02.
- ↑ "Universal Postal Convention". Universal Postal Union. 1952-07-11. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ "Constitution of the Universal Postal Union". Universal Postal Union. 1964-07-10. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ "Constitution of the Universal Postal Union" (PDF). Universal Postal Union. 1964-07-10. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ International Labour Organization: Member States.
- ↑ WMO Member States.
- ↑ Basic Documents of the World Meteorological Organization.
- ↑ Ratifications of C182 – Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182).
- ↑ Tokyo Convention: Treaty status.
- ↑ Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs: Treaty status.
- ↑ Stockholm Convention: Treaty status.
- ↑ International Finance Corporation: Members.
- ↑ Hague Hijacking Convention: Treaty status.
- ↑ Biological Weapons Convention: Treaty status.
- ↑ International Plant Protection Convention: Treaty status.
- ↑ Convention on Psychotropic Substances: Treaty status.
- ↑ Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora: Member countries.
- ↑ WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: Treaty status.
- ↑ Vienna Convention on Consular Relations: Treaty status.
- ↑ International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination: Treaty status.
- ↑ Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency: Members.
- ↑ Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage: State Parties.
- ↑ Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children: Treaty status.
- ↑ Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works: Treaty status.
- ↑ Ratifications of C029 – Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29).
- ↑ Convention establishing a Customs Co-operation Council: ratifications and accessions.
- ↑ Convention portant création d'un conseil de coopération douanière et annexe, faites à Bruxelles le 15 décembre 1950.
- ↑ Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents: Treaty status.
- ↑ Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property: Treaty status.
- 1 2 "List of Member States". International Atomic Energy Agency. 2018-04-30. Retrieved 2018-05-22.
- ↑ Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography: Treaty status.
- ↑ Agreement establishing the International Fund for Agricultural Development: Treaty status.
- ↑ Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Treaty Status
- ↑ Ratifications of C105 – Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105).
- ↑ International Convention against the Taking of Hostages: Treaty status.
- ↑ Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports serving International Civil Aviation: Treaty status.
- ↑ Ratifications of C138 – Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138).
- ↑ Ratifications of C111 - Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111).
- ↑ Convention on the International Maritime Organization: Treaty status.
- ↑ International Maritime Organization: Member states.
- ↑ IOM Member States.
- ↑ IOM Observer States.
- ↑ "Protocole additionnel aux Conventions de Genève du 12 août 1949 relatif à la protection des victimes des conflits armés internationaux (Protocole I)" (PDF) (in French). Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerland . Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ↑ International Development Association: Members.
- ↑ Ratifications of C100 - Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100).
- ↑ International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Treaty Status
- ↑ Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment: Treaty status.
- ↑ Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Treaty status.
- ↑ Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict: Treaty status.
- ↑ Ramsar Convention: Contracting Parties
- ↑ Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards: Treaty status.
- ↑ Constitution of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization: Treaty status .
- ↑ .
- ↑ International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Treaty status
- ↑ International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings: Treaty Status