Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China

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Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China
中华人民共和国商务部
Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Shāngwùbù
National Emblem of the People's Republic of China (2).svg
MINISTRY OF COMMERCE,P.R.CHINA badge.svg
Logo of MOFCOM
Agency overview
FormedMarch 2003
Preceding agency
  • Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation
Type Ministry
JurisdictionFlag of the People's Republic of China.svg  People's Republic of China
Headquarters Beijing
Minister responsible
Parent agency State Council
Website www.mofcom.gov.cn

The Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China (MOFCOM), is a Cabinet-level executive agency of the State Council of China. It is responsible for formulating policy on foreign trade, export and import regulations, foreign direct investments, consumer protection, market competition and negotiating bilateral and multilateral trade agreements. The current Commerce minister is Zhong Shan.

There are currently 26 cabinet-level Departments Constituting the State Council (国务院组成部门) of the People's Republic of China: 21 ministries, 3 commissions, the central bank, and the National Audit Office.

State Council of the Peoples Republic of China chief administrative authority of the Peoples Republic of China

The State Council, constitutionally synonymous with the Central People's Government since 1954, is the chief administrative authority of the People's Republic of China. It is chaired by the premier and includes the heads of each of the cabinet-level executive departments. Currently, the council has 35 members: the premier, one executive vice premier, three other vice premiers, five state councilors, and 25 additional ministers and chairs of major agencies. In the politics of the People's Republic of China, the Central People's Government forms one of three interlocking branches of power, the others being the Communist Party of China and the People's Liberation Army. The State Council directly oversees the various subordinate People's Governments in the provinces, and in practice maintains membership with the top levels of the Communist Party of China.

Zhong Shan

Zhong Shan is a Chinese politician and business executive, serving as the Commerce Minister of the People's Republic of China since February 2017.

Contents

History

Before October 1949, the Ministry of Economic Affairs was the governing agency of the Republic of China on the mainland responsible for economic trade issues. The agency was created in 1931 and reorganized in 1937.

Ministry of Economic Affairs (Taiwan) A ministry of the Republic of China responsible for economy

The Ministry of Economic Affairs is the ministry of the Republic of China (Taiwan) responsible for formulating policy and laws for industry and trade, foreign direct investment, energy, minerals, measurement standards, intellectual property, state-owned enterprises. The ministry is a cabinet level government agency of the Executive Yuan.

Mainland China geopolitical area under the jurisdiction of the Peoples Republic of China excluding Special Administrative Regions

Mainland China, also known as the Chinese mainland, is the geopolitical as well as geographical area under the direct jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It includes Hainan island and strictly speaking, politically, does not include the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau, even though both are partially on the geographic mainland.

In November 1949, a month after the People's Republic of China was established, the Communist Party of China formed the Ministry of Trade (贸易部) while the MOEA continued to operate in Taiwan and several other islands

Communist Party of China Political party of the Peoples Republic of China

The Communist Party of China (CPC), also referred to as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China. The Communist Party is the sole governing party within mainland China, permitting only eight other, subordinated parties to co-exist, those making up the United Front. It was founded in 1921, chiefly by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao. The party grew quickly, and by 1949 it had driven the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) government from mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, leading to the establishment of the People's Republic of China. It also controls the world's largest armed forces, the People's Liberation Army.

Free area of the Republic of China legal and political description referring to the territories under the actual control by the Government of the Republic of China (ROC), consisting of the island groups of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and some minor islands

The Free area of the Republic of China is a term used by the government of the Republic of China (ROC) to refer to the territories under its actual control. The area under the definition consists of the island groups of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and some minor islands. This term is used in the "Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China". As the island of Taiwan is the main component of the whole area, it is therefore also referred to as the "Taiwan Area of the Republic of China" or simply the "Taiwan Area". The term "Tai-Peng-Kin-Ma" is also essentially equivalent except that it only refers to the four main islands of the region - Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, to the exclusion of the South China Sea area possessions.

In August 1952, the Ministry was renamed to Ministry of Foreign Trade (对外贸易部). Ye Jizhuang was the first Minister and died in the post in 1967.

In March 1982, the Ministry of Foreign Trade was merged with the Ministry of Foreign Economic liaison (对外经济联络部), the State Import and Export Regulation Commission (国家进出口管理委员会), and the State Foreign Investment Regulation Commission (国家外国投资管理委员会), and became the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade (对外经济贸易部).

In March 1993, the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade was renamed to the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation.

In the spring of 2003, the former Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation (MOFTEC) went through a reorganization and was renamed Ministry of Commerce.

The ministry also incorporates the former State Economic and Trade Commission (SETC) and the State Development Planning Commission (SDPC).

 
Ministry of Trade
(1949)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ministry of Foreign TradeMinistry of Foreign Economic liaisonState Import and Export Regulation CommissionState Foreign Investment Regulation Commission
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation
(1993)
State Economic and Trade CommissionState Development Planning Commission
(1998)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ministry of Commerce
(2003)
 

List of ministers

NameTook officeLeft office
Minister of Trade
Ye Jizhuang October 19491952
Minister of Foreign Trade
Ye Jizhuang [1] 1952June 1967
acting Lin Haiyun (林海云) [1] September 1965June 1970
Bai Xiangguo (白相国) [1] June 1970October 1973
Li Qiang [1] October 1973September 1981
Zheng Tuobin September 1981March 1982
Minister of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade
Chen Muhua March 1982March 1985
Zheng Tuobin March 1985December 1990
Li Lanqing December 1990March 1993
Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation
Wu Yi March 1993March 1998
Shi Guangsheng March 1998March 2003
Minister of Commerce
Lü Fuyuan March 2003February 2004
Bo Xilai February 2004December 2007
Chen Deming December 200716 March 2013
Gao Hucheng 16 March 201324 February 2017
Zhong Shan 24 February 2017Incumbent

Departmental structure

The Ministry of Commerce is structured into the following departments: [2]

Departments
Foreign Economic Cooperation
Fair Trade for Import and Export
Market Economic Order
Foreign Investment Administration
Market Operation
Aid to Foreign Countries
Treaty and Law
WTO Affairs
Trade in Services
Market System
Specialized
Commercial Reform
Asian Affairs
Western Asian & African Affairs
American & Oceanian Affairs
International Trade and Economic Affairs
Taiwan, Hong Kong & Macao
General Economic Affairs
Foreign Trade
Electromechanical Products & Science and Technology Industry
Administrative / Corporate Services
General Office
Human Resources
Policy Research
Finance
Injury Investigation
Negotiation Office
Retired Officials
Committee of Communist Party
Discipline Supervision & Investigation Group
Bureau of Discipline Supervision

MOFCOM and the CEPA

MOFCOM's responsibility includes fostering closer partnership between the economies of the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau, respectively, with the economy of the rest of the People's Republic of China. To that end the Vice Minister An Min, and the previous Financial Secretary of Hong Kong, Antony Leung, concluded the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA). New agreements are continually negotiated between An and the current Financial Secretary John Tsang under the auspices of the CEPA. Similar agreements were also concluded between the MOFCOM and Secretariat for Economy and Finance of Macau.

Hong Kong East Asian city

Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China and commonly abbreviated as HK, is a special administrative region of China on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in southern China. With over 7.4 million people of various nationalities in a 1,104-square-kilometre (426 sq mi) territory, Hong Kong is the world's fourth-most densely populated region.

Macau Special Administrative Region of China

Macau or Macao, officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is a special administrative region on the western side of the Pearl River estuary in southern China. With a population of 653,100 and an area of 32.9 km2 (12.7 sq mi), it is the most densely populated region in the world.

Economy of China economy of the Peoples Republic of China

The socialist market economy of the People's Republic of China is the world's second largest economy by nominal GDP and the world's largest economy by purchasing power parity. Until 2015, China was the world's fastest-growing major economy, with growth rates averaging 6% over 30 years. Due to historical and political facts of China's developing economy, China's public sector accounts for a bigger share of the national economy than the burgeoning private sector. According to the IMF, on a per capita income basis China ranked 71st by GDP (nominal) and 78th by GDP (PPP) per capita in 2016. The country has an estimated $23 trillion worth of natural resources, 90% of which are coal and rare earth metals. China also has the world's largest total banking sector assets of $39.9 trillion with $26.54 trillion in total deposits.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Gene T. Hsiao (1977). The Foreign Trade of China: Policy, Law, and Practice. University of California Press. p. 71. ISBN   978-0-520-03257-6.
  2. Archived April 1, 2008, at the Wayback Machine .

See also