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中华人民共和国商务部 Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Shāngwùbù | |
Logo of MOFCOM | |
Agency overview | |
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Formed | March 2003 |
Preceding agency |
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Type | Ministry |
Jurisdiction | |
Headquarters | Beijing |
Minister responsible | |
Parent agency | State Council |
Website | www |
The Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China (MOFCOM), is a Cabinet-level executive agency of the State Council of China. It is responsible for formulating policy on foreign trade, export and import regulations, foreign direct investments, consumer protection, market competition and negotiating bilateral and multilateral trade agreements. The current Commerce minister is Zhong Shan.
There are currently 26 cabinet-level Departments Constituting the State Council (国务院组成部门) of the People's Republic of China: 21 ministries, 3 commissions, the central bank, and the National Audit Office.
The State Council, constitutionally synonymous with the Central People's Government since 1954, is the chief administrative authority of the People's Republic of China. It is chaired by the premier and includes the heads of each of the cabinet-level executive departments. Currently, the council has 35 members: the premier, one executive vice premier, three other vice premiers, five state councilors, and 25 additional ministers and chairs of major agencies. In the politics of the People's Republic of China, the Central People's Government forms one of three interlocking branches of power, the others being the Communist Party of China and the People's Liberation Army. The State Council directly oversees the various subordinate People's Governments in the provinces, and in practice maintains membership with the top levels of the Communist Party of China.
Zhong Shan is a Chinese politician and business executive, serving as the Commerce Minister of the People's Republic of China since February 2017.
Before October 1949, the Ministry of Economic Affairs was the governing agency of the Republic of China on the mainland responsible for economic trade issues. The agency was created in 1931 and reorganized in 1937.
The Ministry of Economic Affairs is the ministry of the Republic of China (Taiwan) responsible for formulating policy and laws for industry and trade, foreign direct investment, energy, minerals, measurement standards, intellectual property, state-owned enterprises. The ministry is a cabinet level government agency of the Executive Yuan.
Mainland China, also known as the Chinese mainland, is the geopolitical as well as geographical area under the direct jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It includes Hainan island and strictly speaking, politically, does not include the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau, even though both are partially on the geographic mainland.
In November 1949, a month after the People's Republic of China was established, the Communist Party of China formed the Ministry of Trade (贸易部) while the MOEA continued to operate in Taiwan and several other islands
The Communist Party of China (CPC), also referred to as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China. The Communist Party is the sole governing party within mainland China, permitting only eight other, subordinated parties to co-exist, those making up the United Front. It was founded in 1921, chiefly by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao. The party grew quickly, and by 1949 it had driven the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) government from mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, leading to the establishment of the People's Republic of China. It also controls the world's largest armed forces, the People's Liberation Army.
The Free area of the Republic of China is a term used by the government of the Republic of China (ROC) to refer to the territories under its actual control. The area under the definition consists of the island groups of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and some minor islands. This term is used in the "Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China". As the island of Taiwan is the main component of the whole area, it is therefore also referred to as the "Taiwan Area of the Republic of China" or simply the "Taiwan Area". The term "Tai-Peng-Kin-Ma" is also essentially equivalent except that it only refers to the four main islands of the region - Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, to the exclusion of the South China Sea area possessions.
In August 1952, the Ministry was renamed to Ministry of Foreign Trade (对外贸易部). Ye Jizhuang was the first Minister and died in the post in 1967.
In March 1982, the Ministry of Foreign Trade was merged with the Ministry of Foreign Economic liaison (对外经济联络部), the State Import and Export Regulation Commission (国家进出口管理委员会), and the State Foreign Investment Regulation Commission (国家外国投资管理委员会), and became the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade (对外经济贸易部).
In March 1993, the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade was renamed to the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation.
In the spring of 2003, the former Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation (MOFTEC) went through a reorganization and was renamed Ministry of Commerce.
The ministry also incorporates the former State Economic and Trade Commission (SETC) and the State Development Planning Commission (SDPC).
Ministry of Trade (1949) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ministry of Foreign Trade | Ministry of Foreign Economic liaison | State Import and Export Regulation Commission | State Foreign Investment Regulation Commission | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation (1993) | State Economic and Trade Commission | State Development Planning Commission (1998) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ministry of Commerce (2003) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name | Took office | Left office |
---|---|---|
Minister of Trade | ||
Ye Jizhuang | October 1949 | 1952 |
Minister of Foreign Trade | ||
Ye Jizhuang [1] | 1952 | June 1967 |
acting Lin Haiyun (林海云) [1] | September 1965 | June 1970 |
Bai Xiangguo (白相国) [1] | June 1970 | October 1973 |
Li Qiang [1] | October 1973 | September 1981 |
Zheng Tuobin | September 1981 | March 1982 |
Minister of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade | ||
Chen Muhua | March 1982 | March 1985 |
Zheng Tuobin | March 1985 | December 1990 |
Li Lanqing | December 1990 | March 1993 |
Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation | ||
Wu Yi | March 1993 | March 1998 |
Shi Guangsheng | March 1998 | March 2003 |
Minister of Commerce | ||
Lü Fuyuan | March 2003 | February 2004 |
Bo Xilai | February 2004 | December 2007 |
Chen Deming | December 2007 | 16 March 2013 |
Gao Hucheng | 16 March 2013 | 24 February 2017 |
Zhong Shan | 24 February 2017 | Incumbent |
The Ministry of Commerce is structured into the following departments: [2]
Departments |
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Foreign Economic Cooperation |
Fair Trade for Import and Export |
Market Economic Order |
Foreign Investment Administration |
Market Operation |
Aid to Foreign Countries |
Treaty and Law |
WTO Affairs |
Trade in Services |
Market System |
Specialized |
Commercial Reform |
Asian Affairs |
Western Asian & African Affairs |
American & Oceanian Affairs |
International Trade and Economic Affairs |
Taiwan, Hong Kong & Macao |
General Economic Affairs |
Foreign Trade |
Electromechanical Products & Science and Technology Industry |
Administrative / Corporate Services |
General Office |
Human Resources |
Policy Research |
Finance |
Injury Investigation |
Negotiation Office |
Retired Officials |
Committee of Communist Party |
Discipline Supervision & Investigation Group |
Bureau of Discipline Supervision |
MOFCOM's responsibility includes fostering closer partnership between the economies of the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau, respectively, with the economy of the rest of the People's Republic of China. To that end the Vice Minister An Min, and the previous Financial Secretary of Hong Kong, Antony Leung, concluded the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA). New agreements are continually negotiated between An and the current Financial Secretary John Tsang under the auspices of the CEPA. Similar agreements were also concluded between the MOFCOM and Secretariat for Economy and Finance of Macau.
Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China and commonly abbreviated as HK, is a special administrative region of China on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in southern China. With over 7.4 million people of various nationalities in a 1,104-square-kilometre (426 sq mi) territory, Hong Kong is the world's fourth-most densely populated region.
Macau or Macao, officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is a special administrative region on the western side of the Pearl River estuary in southern China. With a population of 653,100 and an area of 32.9 km2 (12.7 sq mi), it is the most densely populated region in the world.
The socialist market economy of the People's Republic of China is the world's second largest economy by nominal GDP and the world's largest economy by purchasing power parity. Until 2015, China was the world's fastest-growing major economy, with growth rates averaging 6% over 30 years. Due to historical and political facts of China's developing economy, China's public sector accounts for a bigger share of the national economy than the burgeoning private sector. According to the IMF, on a per capita income basis China ranked 71st by GDP (nominal) and 78th by GDP (PPP) per capita in 2016. The country has an estimated $23 trillion worth of natural resources, 90% of which are coal and rare earth metals. China also has the world's largest total banking sector assets of $39.9 trillion with $26.54 trillion in total deposits.
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