This article includes a list of China's historical gross domestic product (GDP) values, the market value of all final goods and services produced by a nation in a given year. The GDP dollar estimates presented here are either calculated at market or government official exchange rates (nominal), or derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. This article also includes historical GDP growth.
In 1985, the State Council of China (SCC) approved the establishment of a SNA (System of National Accounting), using GDP to measure the national economy. China started to study and then implement a new system of national economic accounting. In 1986, as the first citizen of the People's Republic of China to receive a Ph.D. in economics from an overseas country, Fengbo Zhang headed Chinese Macroeconomic Research - the key research project of the seventh five-year plan, as well as completing and publishing the Chinese GDP data according to China's own research and calculations. A summary of the above events has been included in the book "Chinese Macroeconomic Structure and Policy" (June 1988) edited by Fengbo Zhang, and collectively authored by the Research Center of the SCC. This is the first GDP data which was published by China.
The research utilized the World Bank's method as a reference, and made numerous appropriate adjustments based on China's national condition. The GDP also has been converted to U.S. dollar-based data by utilizing the moving average exchange rate. The research systematically completed China's GDP and GDP per capita from 1952 to 1986 and analyzed growth rate, the change and contribution rates of each component. The research also included international comparisons. Additionally, the research compared MPS and SNA, looking at the results from the two systems from analyzing Chinese economy. This achievement created the foundation for China GDP research.
The SCC issued "The notice regarding implementation of System of National Accounting" in August 1992, the Western SNA system officially is introduced to China, replaced Soviet Union's MPS system, Western economic indicator GDP became China's most important economic indicator. Based on Dr. Fengbo Zhang's research, in 1997, the National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS), in collaboration with Hitotsubashi University of Japan, re-estimated China's GDP Data from 1952 up to 1995 based on the SNA principal. In 2016, the 2008 SNA was formally brought into use. [1]
During this period, there were many data adjustments, with weighting factors undergoing significant changes along with each year's comparable price amendments, statistical method significant changes result in the substantial deviation. Even with science and technology as advanced as it is today, the single item survey is allowed at least ±3%, or a total of 6% deviation. Despite the extremely difficult conditions of a destroyed economy, blank theory, a lack of data, and simple methods in the 1980s, there is so little deviation for such a long period of time and the comprehensiveness of the national economic indicator, indicates that the research conducted by Fengbo Zhang with the support of the extensive group he trained is extremely rigorous, and their result very precise. [2] Xie Fuzhan, former Director, and Ma Jiantang, current Director of the NBS, both participated in Dr. Fengbo Zhang's research project in the 1980s, as assistant researcher and graduate student, respectively, of the Research Center of the SCC.
The gross domestic product of China in 2019 was RMB 99.08651 trillion, [4] or US$ 14.4 trillion (nominal). [5]
China's nominal GDP surpassed that of Italy in 2000, France in 2005, the United Kingdom in 2006, Germany in 2007, Japan in 2010 and that of the Eurozone in 2018 making China the world's third largest economy after the European Union and United States. [6] But adjusting for purchasing power parity (PPP), China became the world's second largest economy as early as 1999 surpassing Japan, and has toppled America to become the biggest economy since 2014. [7]
From 1979 until 2010, China's average annual GDP growth was 9.91%, reaching a historical high of 15.2% in 1984 and a record low of 3.8% in 1990. Based on the current price, the country's average annual GDP growth in these 32 years was 15.8%, reaching an historical high of 36.41% in 1994 and a record low of 6.25% in 1999.
China's Historical Nominal GDP for 1952–present [8] (current price, revision based on the 4th economic census 2018) [9] | ||||||||
year | GDP | GDP per capita based on mid-yr pop. [10] | Reference index | |||||
billions of GDP | real growth (%) | GDP per capita | real growth (%) | thousands of mid-yr pop. | XRrate [11] | |||
CNY | USD | CNY | USD | |||||
p2023 | 126,058.21 | 17,888.97 | 5.2 | 89,358 | 12,681 | 5.2 | 1,410,710 | 7.0467 |
r2022 | 120,472.40 | 17,911.18 | 3.0 | 85,310 | 12,683 | 3.0 | 1,412,175 | 6.7261 |
r2021 | 114,923.70 | 17,813.49 | 8.4 | 81,370 | 12,613 | 8.4 | 1,412,360 | 6.4515 |
r2020 | 101,356.70 | 14,694.49 | 2.2 | 71,828 | 10,413 | 2.0 | 1,411,100 | 6.8976 |
r2019 | 98,651.52 | 14,300.43 | 6.0 | 70,078 | 10,158 | 5.6 | 1,407,745 | 6.8985 |
2018 | 91,928.11 | 13,891.88 | 6.7 | 65,534 | 9,903 | 6.2 | 1,402,760 | 6.6174 |
2017 | 83,203.59 | 12,323.17 | 6.9 | 59,592 | 8,826 | 6.3 | 1,396,215 | 6.7518 |
2016 | 74,639.51 | 11,237.00 | 6.8 | 53,783 | 8,097 | 6.2 | 1,387,790 | 6.6423 |
2015 | 68,885.82 | 11,059.95 | 7.0 | 49,922 | 8,015 | 6.5 | 1,379,860 | 6.2284 |
2014 | 64,356.31 | 10,476.71 | 7.4 | 46,912 | 7,637 | 6.9 | 1,371,860 | 6.1428 |
2013 | 59,296.32 | 9,574.42 | 7.8 | 43,497 | 7,023 | 7.3 | 1,363,240 | 6.1932 |
2012 | 53,858.00 | 8,531.96 | 7.9 | 39,771 | 6,300 | 7.4 | 1,354,190 | 6.3125 |
2011 | 48,794.02 | 7,554.66 | 9.6 | 36,277 | 5,617 | 9.1 | 1,345,035 | 6.4588 |
2010 | 41,211.93 | 6,087.88 | 10.6 | 30,808 | 4,551 | 10.1 | 1,337,705 | 6.7695 |
2009 | 34,851.77 | 5,102.00 | 9.4 | 26,180 | 3,833 | 8.9 | 1,331,260 | 6.8310 |
2008 | 31,924.46 | 4,596.69 | 9.7 | 24,100 | 3,470 | 9.1 | 1,324,655 | 6.9451 |
2007 | 27,009.23 | 3,551.98 | 14.2 | 20,494 | 2,695 | 13.6 | 1,317,885 | 7.6040 |
2006 | 21,943.85 | 2,752.68 | 12.7 | 16,738 | 2,100 | 12.1 | 1,311,020 | 7.9718 |
2005 | 18,731.89 | 2,286.69 | 11.4 | 14,368 | 1,754 | 10.7 | 1,303,720 | 8.1917 |
2004 | 16,184.02 | 1,955.35 | 10.1 | 12,487 | 1,509 | 9.4 | 1,296,075 | 8.2768 |
2003 | 13,742.20 | 1,660.29 | 10.0 | 10,666 | 1,289 | 9.3 | 1,288,400 | 8.2770 |
2002 | 12,171.74 | 1,470.55 | 9.1 | 9,506 | 1,148 | 8.4 | 1,280,400 | 8.2770 |
2001 | 11,086.31 | 1,339.41 | 8.3 | 8,717 | 1,053 | 7.5 | 1,271,850 | 8.2770 |
2000 | 10,028.01 | 1,211.35 | 8.5 | 7,942 | 959 | 7.7 | 1,262,645 | 8.2784 |
1999 | 9,056.44 | 1,094.00 | 7.7 | 7,229 | 873 | 6.8 | 1,252,735 | 8.2783 |
1998 | 8,519.55 | 1,029.04 | 7.8 | 6,860 | 829 | 6.8 | 1,241,935 | 8.2791 |
1997 | 7,971.50 | 961.60 | 9.2 | 6,481 | 782 | 8.1 | 1,230,075 | 8.2898 |
1996 | 7,181.36 | 863.75 | 9.9 | 5,898 | 709 | 8.8 | 1,217,550 | 8.3142 |
1995 | 6,133.99 | 734.52 | 11.0 | 5,091 | 610 | 9.8 | 1,204,855 | 8.3510 |
1994 | 4,863.75 | 564.33 | 13.0 | 4,081 | 474 | 11.7 | 1,191,835 | 8.6187 |
1993 | 3,567.32 | 619.11 | 13.9 | 3,027 | 525 | 12.6 | 1,178,440 | 5.7620 |
1992 | 2,719.45 | 493.14 | 14.2 | 2,334 | 423 | 12.8 | 1,164,970 | 5.5146 |
1991 | 2,200.56 | 413.38 | 9.3 | 1,912 | 359 | 7.8 | 1,150,780 | 5.3233 |
1990 | 1,887.29 | 394.57 | 3.9 | 1,663 | 348 | 2.4 | 1,135,185 | 4.7832 |
1989 | 1,717.97 | 456.29 | 4.2 | 1,536 | 408 | 2.6 | 1,118,650 | 3.7651 |
1988 | 1,518.04 | 407.85 | 11.2 | 1,378 | 370 | 9.4 | 1,101,630 | 3.7221 |
1987 | 1,217.46 | 327.09 | 11.7 | 1,123 | 302 | 9.9 | 1,084,035 | 3.7221 |
1986 | 1,037.62 | 300.52 | 8.9 | 973 | 282 | 7.3 | 1,066,790 | 3.4528 |
1985 | 909.89 | 309.84 | 13.4 | 866 | 295 | 11.9 | 1,051,040 | 2.9366 |
1984 | 727.85 | 312.78 | 15.2 | 702 | 302 | 13.8 | 1,036,825 | 2.3270 |
1983 | 602.09 | 304.75 | 10.8 | 588 | 298 | 9.2 | 1,023,310 | 1.9757 |
1982 | 537.34 | 283.93 | 9.0 | 533 | 282 | 7.3 | 1,008,630 | 1.8925 |
1981 | 493.58 | 289.57 | 5.1 | 497 | 292 | 3.7 | 993,885 | 1.7045 |
1980 | 458.76 | 306.17 | 7.8 | 468 | 312 | 6.5 | 981,235 | 1.4984 |
1979 | 410.05 | 263.70 | 7.6 | 423 | 272 | 6.1 | 969,005 | 1.5550 |
1978 | 367.87 | 218.50 | 11.7 | 385 | 229 | 10.4 | 956,165 | 1.6836 |
1977 | 325.00 | 174.94 | 7.6 | 344 | 185 | 6.2 | 943,460 | 1.8578 |
1976 | 298.86 | 153.94 | -1.6 | 321 | 165 | -3.2 | 930,690 | 1.9414 |
1975 | 303.95 | 163.43 | 8.7 | 332 | 179 | 6.8 | 916,400 | 1.8598 |
1974 | 282.77 | 144.18 | 2.3 | 314 | 160 | 0.1 | 900,350 | 1.9612 |
1973 | 275.62 | 138.54 | 7.8 | 313 | 157 | 5.4 | 881,940 | 1.9894 |
1972 | 255.24 | 113.69 | 3.8 | 296 | 132 | 1.3 | 862,030 | 2.2451 |
1971 | 245.69 | 99.80 | 7.1 | 292 | 119 | 4.0 | 841,110 | 2.4618 |
1970 | 227.97 | 92.60 | 19.3 | 279 | 113 | 15.8 | 818,320 | 2.4618 |
1969 | 196.22 | 79.71 | 16.9 | 247 | 100 | 13.8 | 796,030 | 2.4618 |
1968 | 174.41 | 70.85 | -4.1 | 225 | 91 | -6.7 | 774,510 | 2.4618 |
1967 | 179.42 | 72.88 | -5.7 | 238 | 97 | -8.2 | 754,550 | 2.4618 |
1966 | 188.87 | 76.72 | 10.7 | 257 | 104 | 7.9 | 735,400 | 2.4618 |
1965 | 173.40 | 70.44 | 17.0 | 242 | 98 | 14.5 | 715,190 | 2.4618 |
1964 | 146.99 | 59.71 | 18.2 | 210 | 85 | 15.5 | 698,360 | 2.4618 |
1963 | 124.83 | 50.71 | 10.3 | 183 | 74 | 7.4 | 682,340 | 2.4618 |
1962 | 116.22 | 47.21 | -5.7 | 175 | 71 | -6.6 | 665,770 | 2.4618 |
1961 | 123.23 | 50.06 | -16.2 | 187 | 76 | -26.4 | 660,330 | 2.4618 |
1960 | 147.01 | 59.72 | 8.0 | 220 | 89 | -0.2 | 667,070 | 2.4618 |
1959 | 144.75 | 55.31 | 9.0 | 217 | 83 | 6.9 | 666,010 | 2.6170 |
1958 | 131.23 | 50.40 | 21.3 | 201 | 77 | 18.4 | 653,240 | 2.6040 |
1957 | 107.14 | 41.14 | 5.1 | 168 | 65 | 2.4 | 637,410 | 2.6040 |
1956 | 103.07 | 39.58 | 15.0 | 166 | 64 | 12.5 | 621,470 | 2.6040 |
1955 | 91.16 | 35.01 | 6.9 | 150 | 58 | 4.9 | 608,660 | 2.6040 |
1954 | 85.98 | 33.02 | 4.3 | 144 | 55 | 1.7 | 595,310 | 2.6040 |
1953 | 82.44 | 31.66 | 15.6 | 142 | 55 | 13.5 | 581,390 | 2.6040 |
1952 | 67.91 | 30.55 | 119 | 54 | 568,910 | 2.2227 |
Components of GDP by Industries (Revision based on the 4th Economic Census 2018) [9] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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GDP by Industries (CNY)
GDP by Industries (US dollars)
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China's quarterly GDP estimation was formally established in 1992. Afterwards, following the development of SNA of China, quarterly GDP is successively standardized and improved in estimation methodology, accounting classification, accounting procedure, release time and data quality control. Accumulated quarterly GDP estimation is formed. Not only quarterly GDP estimation by industries is established but also quarterly GDP estimation at expenditure approach is being studied. the following is the quarterly GDP list.
List of China's quarterly Nominal GDP 1992–present (current price, revision based on the 4th economic census 2018, [9] in billions of CNY) [12] | |||||||||||
year | quarter 1 | quarter 2 | quarter 3 | quarter 4 | sum | ||||||
GDP | real growth % (YOY) | GDP | real growth % (YOY) | GDP | real growth % (YOY) | GDP | real growth % (YOY) | GDP | growth (%) at current price | real growth (%) | |
p2023 | 28,499.66 | 4.5 | 30,803.74 | 6.3 | 31,999.30 | 4.9 | 34,755.50 | 5.2 | 126,058.20 | 4.6 | 5.2 |
r2022 | 27,034.45 | 4.8 | 29,244.67 | 0.4 | 30,794.21 | 3.9 | 33,399.07 | 2.9 | 120,472.40 | 4.8 | 3.0 |
r2021 | 24,920.02 | 18.7 | 28,284.92 | 8.3 | 29,128.81 | 5.2 | 32,589.94 | 4.3 | 114,923.70 | 13.4 | 8.4 |
r2020 | 20,524.48 | -6.9 | 24,834.77 | 3.1 | 26,435.57 | 4.8 | 29,561.88 | 6.4 | 101,356.70 | 2.7 | 2.2 |
r2019 | 21,716.83 | 6.3 | 24,150.26 | 6.0 | 25,104.63 | 5.9 | 27,679.80 | 5.8 | 98,651.52 | 7.3 | 6.0 |
2018 | 20,203.57 | 6.9 | 22,396.22 | 6.9 | 23,447.43 | 6.7 | 25,880.89 | 6.5 | 91,928.11 | 10.5 | 6.7 |
2017 | 18,186.77 | 7.0 | 20,195.03 | 7.0 | 21,278.93 | 6.9 | 23,542.87 | 6.8 | 83,203.59 | 11.5 | 6.9 |
2016 | 16,241.00 | 6.9 | 18,140.82 | 6.8 | 19,101.06 | 6.8 | 21,156.62 | 6.9 | 74,639.51 | 8.4 | 6.8 |
2015 | 15,113.79 | 7.1 | 16,854.97 | 7.1 | 17,659.77 | 7.0 | 19,257.29 | 6.9 | 68,885.82 | 7.0 | 7.0 |
2014 | 14,075.98 | 7.5 | 15,648.96 | 7.6 | 16,548.47 | 7.2 | 18,082.89 | 7.3 | 64,356.31 | 8.5 | 7.4 |
2013 | 12,944.96 | 7.9 | 14,351.87 | 7.6 | 15,222.27 | 7.9 | 16,777.23 | 7.7 | 59,296.32 | 10.1 | 7.8 |
2012 | 11,735.76 | 8.1 | 13,132.06 | 7.7 | 13,808.96 | 7.5 | 15,181.20 | 8.1 | 53,858.00 | 10.4 | 7.9 |
2011 | 10,446.99 | 10.2 | 11,889.59 | 10.0 | 12,656.22 | 9.4 | 13,801.21 | 8.8 | 48,794.02 | 18.4 | 9.6 |
2010 | 8,750.13 | 12.2 | 9,934.74 | 10.8 | 10,596.37 | 9.9 | 11,930.68 | 9.9 | 41,211.93 | 18.2 | 10.6 |
2009 | 7,397.92 | 6.4 | 8,386.58 | 8.2 | 8,984.69 | 10.6 | 10,082.58 | 11.9 | 34,851.77 | 9.2 | 9.4 |
2008 | 6,937.36 | 11.5 | 7,871.18 | 10.9 | 8,246.01 | 9.5 | 8,869.90 | 7.1 | 31,924.46 | 18.2 | 9.7 |
2007 | 5,715.93 | 13.8 | 6,478.16 | 15.0 | 6,948.21 | 14.3 | 7,866.93 | 13.9 | 27,009.23 | 23.1 | 14.2 |
2006 | 4,707.89 | 12.5 | 5,267.33 | 13.7 | 5,606.47 | 12.2 | 6,362.16 | 12.5 | 21,943.85 | 17.1 | 12.7 |
2005 | 4,045.33 | 11.1 | 4,479.31 | 11.1 | 4,804.78 | 10.8 | 5,402.48 | 12.4 | 18,731.89 | 15.7 | 11.4 |
2004 | 3,454.46 | 10.6 | 3,870.08 | 11.6 | 4,185.50 | 9.8 | 4,673.98 | 8.8 | 16,184.02 | 17.8 | 10.1 |
2003 | 2,982.55 | 11.1 | 3,253.73 | 9.1 | 3,529.19 | 10.0 | 3,976.74 | 10.0 | 13,742.20 | 12.9 | 10.0 |
2002 | 2,629.50 | 8.9 | 2,919.48 | 8.8 | 3,125.73 | 9.6 | 3,497.03 | 9.1 | 12,171.74 | 9.8 | 9.1 |
2001 | 2,408.64 | 9.5 | 2,672.66 | 8.6 | 2,833.33 | 8.0 | 3,171.68 | 7.5 | 11,086.31 | 10.6 | 8.3 |
2000 | 2,132.99 | 8.7 | 2,404.34 | 9.1 | 2,571.25 | 8.8 | 2,919.43 | 7.5 | 10,028.01 | 10.7 | 8.5 |
1999 | 1,936.19 | 8.9 | 2,156.77 | 7.9 | 2,305.08 | 7.6 | 2,658.39 | 6.7 | 9,056.44 | 6.3 | 7.7 |
1998 | 1,804.91 | 7.3 | 2,029.66 | 6.9 | 2,177.56 | 7.8 | 2,507.42 | 9.1 | 8,519.55 | 6.9 | 7.8 |
1997 | 1,668.91 | 10.1 | 1,916.36 | 10.0 | 2,050.09 | 8.6 | 2,336.15 | 8.6 | 7,971.50 | 11.0 | 9.2 |
1996 | 1,462.80 | 10.9 | 1,714.75 | 9.4 | 1,860.58 | 9.2 | 2,143.24 | 10.3 | 7,181.36 | 17.1 | 9.9 |
1995 | 1,211.17 | 11.9 | 1,461.29 | 11.0 | 1,616.41 | 10.4 | 1,845.12 | 10.8 | 6,133.99 | 26.1 | 11.0 |
1994 | 937.51 | 14.1 | 1,148.10 | 13.3 | 1,286.80 | 13.1 | 1,491.33 | 12.0 | 4,863.75 | 36.3 | 13.0 |
1993 | 683.46 | 15.3 | 835.70 | 13.5 | 938.58 | 12.9 | 1,109.59 | 14.1 | 3,567.32 | 31.2 | 13.9 |
1992 | 526.28 | 648.43 | 719.26 | 825.48 | 2,719.45 | 23.6 | 14.2 |
Quarterly GDP by US dollars | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Quarterly GDP by US dollars
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List of China Nominal GDP by three International organizations ( millions of GDP ) | |||||||||
Year | UN (January 2023) (GDP by Expenditure Approach) [13] | WB (March 2023) [14] | IMF (April 7, 2023) [15] | ||||||
CNY | USD | XRrate | CNY | USD | XRrate | CNY | USD | XRrate | |
2021 | 114,366,970 | 17,734,131 | 6.4490 | 114,366,970 | 17,734,063 | 6.4490 | 114,528.29 | 17,759.31 | 6.4489 |
2020 | 101,356,700 | 14,687,744 | 6.9008 | 101,356,700 | 14,687,674 | 6.9008 | 102,562.84 | 14,862.56 | 6.9007 |
2019 | 98,651,500 | 14,279,966 | 6.9084 | 98,651,520 | 14,279,937 | 6.9084 | 99,070,840 | 14,340,600 | 6.9084 |
2018 | 91,928,110 | 13,894,907 | 6.6160 | 91,928,113 | 13,894,818 | 6.6160 | 91,577,430 | 13,841,810 | 6.6160 |
2017 | 83,203,590 | 12,310,490 | 6.7588 | 83,203,595 | 12,310,409 | 6.7588 | 82,898,280 | 12,265,330 | 6.7587 |
2016 | 74,639,510 | 11,233,315 | 6.6445 | 74,639,506 | 11,233,277 | 6.6445 | 74,598,050 | 11,226,900 | 6.6446 |
2015 | 68,885,820 | 11,061,573 | 6.2275 | 68,885,822 | 11,061,553 | 6.2275 | 69,209,370 | 11,113,510 | 6.2275 |
2014 | 64,356,310 | 10,475,625 | 6.1434 | 64,356,310 | 10,475,683 | 6.1434 | 64,654,800 | 10,524,240 | 6.1434 |
2013 | 59,296,320 | 9,570,470 | 6.1958 | 59,296,323 | 9,570,406 | 6.1958 | 59,634,450 | 9,624,930 | 6.1958 |
2012 | 53,858,000 | 8,532,186 | 6.3123 | 53,857,995 | 8,532,230 | 6.3123 | 53,903,990 | 8,539,580 | 6.3123 |
2011 | 48,794,020 | 7,551,546 | 6.4615 | 48,794,018 | 7,551,500 | 6.4615 | 48,410,930 | 7,492,210 | 6.4615 |
2010 | 41,211,930 | 6,087,192 | 6.7703 | 41,211,926 | 6,087,164 | 6.7703 | 40,850,540 | 6,033,830 | 6.7703 |
2009 | 34,851,770 | 5,101,690 | 6.8314 | 34,851,774 | 5,101,703 | 6.8314 | 34,765,030 | 5,088,990 | 6.8314 |
2008 | 31,924,460 | 4,594,337 | 6.9487 | 31,924,461 | 4,594,307 | 6.9487 | 31,806,760 | 4,577,280 | 6.9488 |
2007 | 27,009,230 | 3,550,327 | 7.6075 | 27,009,232 | 3,550,343 | 7.6075 | 27,049,940 | 3,555,660 | 7.6076 |
2006 | 21,943,850 | 2,752,119 | 7.9734 | 21,943,847 | 2,752,132 | 7.9734 | 21,959,750 | 2,754,150 | 7.9733 |
2005 | 18,731,890 | 2,285,961 | 8.1943 | 18,731,890 | 2,285,966 | 8.1943 | 18,765,750 | 2,290,020 | 8.1946 |
2004 | 16,184,020 | 1,955,347 | 8.2768 | 16,184,016 | 1,955,347 | 8.2768 | 16,135,560 | 1,949,450 | 8.2770 |
2003 | 13,742,200 | 1,660,280 | 8.2770 | 13,742,203 | 1,660,288 | 8.2770 | 13,714,670 | 1,656,960 | 8.2770 |
2002 | 12,171,740 | 1,470,557 | 8.2770 | 12,171,742 | 1,470,550 | 8.2770 | 12,132,670 | 1,465,830 | 8.2770 |
2001 | 11,086,310 | 1,339,401 | 8.2771 | 11,086,312 | 1,339,396 | 8.2771 | 11,038,840 | 1,333,650 | 8.2772 |
2000 | 10,028,010 | 1,211,331 | 8.2785 | 10,028,014 | 1,211,347 | 8.2784 | 9,979,900 | 1,205,530 | 8.2784 |
1999 | 9,056,440 | 1,094,004 | 8.2783 | 9,056,438 | 1,093,997 | 8.2783 | 9,009,510 | 1,088,350 | 8.2781 |
1998 | 8,519,550 | 1,029,061 | 8.2790 | 8,519,551 | 1,029,043 | 8.2791 | 8,479,080 | 1,024,170 | 8.2790 |
1997 | 7,971,500 | 961,601 | 8.2898 | 7,971,504 | 961,604 | 8.2898 | 7,941,580 | 957,991 | 8.2898 |
1996 | 7,181,360 | 863,749 | 8.3142 | 7,181,363 | 863,747 | 8.3142 | 7,154,150 | 860,468 | 8.3143 |
1995 | 6,133,990 | 734,485 | 8.3514 | 6,133,989 | 734,548 | 8.3507 | 6,105,040 | 730,996 | 8.3517 |
1994 | 4,863,750 | 564,322 | 8.6187 | 4,863,745 | 564,325 | 8.6187 | 4,841,030 | 561,686 | 8.6187 |
1993 | 3,567,320 | 619,116 | 5.7620 | 3,567,323 | 444,731 | 8.0213 | 3,557,600 | 617,433 | 5.7619 |
1992 | 2,719,450 | 493,137 | 5.5146 | 2,719,453 | 426,916 | 6.3700 | 2,714,030 | 492,148 | 5.5147 |
1991 | 2,200,560 | 413,376 | 5.3234 | 2,200,563 | 383,373 | 5.7400 | 2,199,720 | 413,209 | 5.3235 |
1990 | 1,887,290 | 394,566 | 4.7832 | 1,887,287 | 360,858 | 5.2300 | 1,896,930 | 396,590 | 4.7831 |
1989 | 1,717,970 | 456,287 | 3.7651 | 1,717,974 | 347,768 | 4.9400 | 1,725,050 | 458,180 | 3.7650 |
1988 | 1,518,040 | 407,845 | 3.7221 | 1,518,039 | 312,354 | 4.8600 | 1,521,050 | 408,663 | 3.7220 |
1987 | 1,217,460 | 327,090 | 3.7221 | 1,217,459 | 272,973 | 4.4600 | 1,219,800 | 327,728 | 3.7220 |
1986 | 1,037,620 | 300,516 | 3.4528 | 1,037,615 | 300,758 | 3.4500 | 1,039,030 | 300,920 | 3.4528 |
1985 | 909,890 | 309,839 | 2.9367 | 909,895 | 309,488 | 2.9400 | 910,808 | 310,133 | 2.9368 |
1984 | 727,850 | 313,723 | 2.3200 | 727,850 | 259,947 | 2.8000 | 729,014 | 314,230 | 2.3200 |
1983 | 602,090 | 304,752 | 1.9757 | 602,092 | 230,687 | 2.6100 | 603,423 | 305,428 | 1.9757 |
1982 | 537,340 | 283,925 | 1.8925 | 537,335 | 205,090 | 2.6200 | 538,632 | 284,601 | 1.8926 |
1981 | 493,580 | 289,569 | 1.7045 | 493,583 | 195,866 | 2.5200 | 492,160 | 288,699 | 1.7048 |
1980 | 458,760 | 306,167 | 1.4984 | 458,758 | 191,149 | 2.4000 | 454,052 | 303,004 | 1.4985 |
1979 | 410,050 | 263,698 | 1.5550 | 410,045 | 178,281 | 2.3000 | |||
1978 | 367,870 | 218,502 | 1.6836 | 367,870 | 149,541 | 2.4600 |
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced in a specific time period by a country or countries. GDP is more often used by the government of a single country to measure its economic health. Due to its complex and subjective nature, this measure is often revised before being considered a reliable indicator.
Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a measure of the price of specific goods in different countries and is used to compare the absolute purchasing power of the countries' currencies. PPP is effectively the ratio of the price of a market basket at one location divided by the price of the basket of goods at a different location. The PPP inflation and exchange rate may differ from the market exchange rate because of tariffs, and other transaction costs.
The green gross domestic product is an index of economic growth with the environmental consequences of that growth factored into a country's conventional GDP. Green GDP monetizes the loss of biodiversity, and accounts for costs caused by climate change. Some environmental experts prefer physical indicators, which may be aggregated to indices such as the "Sustainable Development Index".
National accounts or national account systems (NAS) are the implementation of complete and consistent accounting techniques for measuring the economic activity of a nation. These include detailed underlying measures that rely on double-entry accounting. By design, such accounting makes the totals on both sides of an account equal even though they each measure different characteristics, for example production and the income from it. As a method, the subject is termed national accounting or, more generally, social accounting. Stated otherwise, national accounts as systems may be distinguished from the economic data associated with those systems. While sharing many common principles with business accounting, national accounts are based on economic concepts. One conceptual construct for representing flows of all economic transactions that take place in an economy is a social accounting matrix with accounts in each respective row-column entry.
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) is a component of the expenditure on gross domestic product (GDP) that indicates how much of the new value added in an economy is invested rather than consumed. It measures the value of acquisitions of new or existing fixed assets by the business sector, governments, and "pure" households minus disposals of fixed assets.
The System of National Accounts is an international standard system of national accounts, the first international standard being published in 1953. Handbooks have been released for the 1968 revision, the 1993 revision, and the 2008 revision. The System of National Accounts, in its various released versions, frequently with significant local adaptations, has been adopted by many nations. It continues to evolve and is maintained by the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and Eurostat.
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Natural capital accounting is the process of calculating the total stocks and flows of natural resources and services in a given ecosystem or region. Accounting for such goods may occur in physical or monetary terms. This process can subsequently inform government, corporate and consumer decision making as each relates to the use or consumption of natural resources and land, and sustainable behaviour.
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