Narcissus tazetta

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Narcissus tazetta
Narcissus-tazetta-0006a.jpg
In Israel
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Genus: Narcissus
Species:
N. tazetta
Binomial name
Narcissus tazetta
L.

Narcissus tazetta (paperwhite, bunch-flowered narcissus, bunch-flowered daffodil, [1] Chinese sacred lily, cream narcissus, joss flower, polyanthus narcissus) is a perennial ornamental plant that grows from a bulb. Cultivars of N. tazetta include 'Caniculatus', 'Grand Soleil d'Or' and 'Ziva', which are popularly used for forcing indoors, as is the form of N. tazetta known as Chinese Sacred Lily. [2] [3] [4]

Contents

Description

The mountain ecotype in Palestine and Israel. Narcissus-tazetta-2014-Zachi-Evenor.jpg
The mountain ecotype in Palestine and Israel.
Close-up on flowers Narcissus tazetta - Shoam Forest 2021-12-11 IZE-161a.jpg
Close-up on flowers

Narcissus tazetta is amongst the tallest of the narcissi, and can grow to a height of up to 80 centimetres (31 in), [5] with thin, flat leaves up to 40 centimetres (16 in) long and 15 millimetres (0.59 in) wide. Umbels have as many as 8 flowers, white with a yellow corona. [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]

Taxonomy

Subspecies

Six subspecies are accepted by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: [11]

Ecology

Narcissus tazetta contains a fragrant compound found in only a few other plants, including roses and Acnistus arborescens , called orcinol dimethyl ether, which is almost undetectable to the human nose. Experiments with honeybees have shown they can readily detect it. [17]

Distribution

Narcissus tazetta is a widespread species, native to the Mediterranean region from Portugal to Turkey. It is also naturalized across the Middle East, Central Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bhutan, as well as the Canary Islands, China (Fujian, Zhejiang), Japan, Australia, Korea, Norfolk Island, New Zealand, Bermuda, Mexico and the United States (Oregon, California, Texas, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia) [18] and South America. [19]

Uses

Narcissus tazetta is grown commercially for its essential oil, mostly in southern France. An interspecies hybrid, with Narcissus poeticus , is also grown for its essential oil. [20]

Related Research Articles

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Dactylorhiza fuchsii, the common spotted orchid, is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae.

<i>Narcissus</i> (plant) Genus of plants in the Amaryllis (Amaryllidaceae)

Narcissus is a genus of predominantly spring flowering perennial plants of the amaryllis family, Amaryllidaceae. Various common names including daffodil, narcissus and jonquil, are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white and yellow, with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

<i>Coriaria</i> Genus of flowering plants

Coriaria is the sole genus in the family Coriariaceae, which was described by Linnaeus in 1753. It includes 14 species of small trees, shrubs and subshrubs, with a widespread but disjunct distribution across warm temperate regions of the world, occurring as far apart as the Mediterranean region, southern and eastern Asia, New Zealand, the Pacific Ocean islands, and Central and South America.

<i>Narcissus pseudonarcissus</i> Species of plant

Narcissus pseudonarcissus, commonly named the wild daffodil or Lent lily, is a perennial flowering plant.

<i>Narcissus poeticus</i> Species of plant

Narcissus poeticus, the poet's daffodil, poet's narcissus, nargis, pheasant's eye, findern flower or pinkster lily, was one of the first daffodils to be cultivated, and is frequently identified as the narcissus of ancient times. It is also often associated with the Greek legend of Narcissus. It is the type species of the genus Narcissus and is widely naturalised in North America.

<i>Narcissus <span style="font-style:normal;">×</span> medioluteus</i> Species of flowering plant

Narcissus × medioluteus, common names primrose-peerless, April beauty, cemetery ladies, loving couples, pale narcissus, twin sisters, two-flowered narcissus, is a flowering plant, which is a naturally occurring hybrid between Narcissus poeticus and Narcissus tazetta. It was found initially in the West of France.

<i>Narcissus assoanus</i> Species of daffodil

Narcissus assoanus, the rush-leaf jonquil, is a perennial bulbous plant native to Spain and France; it is now naturalized in Turkey. It grows to 15 cm (6 in) in height and has yellow flowers with a slightly lemony fragrance. Subspecies include N. assoanus subsp. assoanus and N. assoanus subsp. praelongus.

<i>Narcissus romieuxii</i> Species of daffodil

Narcissus romieuxii is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is a distinctive, early-flowering daffodil with dark green rush-like foliage. The flowers have narrow perianth segments, while the trumpet is wide and flaring. It blooms in mid to late winter. There are many subspecies and cultivars, with flowers in many shades of white and yellow. It originated in the Atlas Mountains region of Morocco.

<i>Narcissus bulbocodium</i> Species of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae

Narcissus bulbocodium, the petticoat daffodil or hoop-petticoat daffodil, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to southern and western France, Portugal, and Spain. Some sources say that the species is also native to Morocco, but this is based on populations formerly thought to be varieties of N. bulbocodium but now regarded as separate species.

<i>Allium flavum</i> Species of flowering plant

Allium flavum, the small yellow onion or yellow-flowered garlic, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Allium. A bulbous herbaceous perennial, it is native to the lands surrounding the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas, from France + Morocco to Iran + Kazakhstan.

Taxonomy of <i>Narcissus</i> Classification of daffodils

The taxonomy of Narcissus is complex, and still not fully resolved. Known to the ancients, the genus name appears in Graeco-Roman literature, although their interest was as much medicinal as botanical. It is unclear which species the ancients were familiar with. Although frequently mentioned in Mediaeval and Renaissance texts it was not formally described till the work of Linnaeus in 1753. By 1789 it had been grouped into a family (Narcissi) but shortly thereafter this was renamed Amaryllideae, from which comes the modern placement within Amaryllidaceae, although for a while it was considered part of Liliaceae.

Narcissus degeneration virus (NDV) is a plant pathogenic Potyvirus of the family Potyviridae which infects plants of the genus Narcissus. It is one of the most serious and prevalent of the approximately 21 viruses which infect this genus.NDV is associated with chlorotic leaf striping in N. tazetta.

''Narcissus white streak virus (NWSV) is a plant pathogen of the family Potyviridae which infects plants of the genus Narcissus, and is transmitted by aphids. It is among the commonest and most serious of the viral infections that infect narcissi, but appears to be confined to N. tazetta.

<i>Narcissus abscissus</i> Species of daffodil

Narcissus abscissus is a species of the genus Narcissus (Daffodils) in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is classified in Section Pseudonarcissus. It is native to France and Spain in the region of the Pyrenees.

<i>Narcissus</i> in culture

Narcissi are widely celebrated in art and literature. Commonly called daffodil or jonquil, the plant is associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to good fortune. Its early blooms are invoked as a symbol of Spring, and associated religious festivals such as Easter, with the Lent lilies or Easter bells amongst its common names. The appearance of the wild flowers in spring is also associated with festivals in many places. While prized for its ornamental value, there is also an ancient cultural association with death, at least for pure white forms.

<i>Narcissus moschatus</i> Species of plant in the genus Narcissus

Narcissus moschatus, the swan's neck daffodil, is a species of Narcissus native to the Pyrenees. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

<i>Narcissus</i> Tête-à-tête Narcissus Cultivar Tête-à-tête Daffodil

Narcissus 'Tête-à-tête' is a hybrid cultivar of Narcissus, which was introduced in 1949. It is one of 110 cultivars produced by British daffodil breeder Alec Gray. 'Tête-à-tête' is a popular ornamental plant, which is known for its very early flowering period and short stature. This cultivar is commonly used as a garden plant where it can be planted in pots, rock gardens, garden borders and even naturalized in lawns. The cultivar name 'Tête-à-tête' means to have a conversation between two people, which relates to the cultivar often hosting a pair of flowers per stem.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Narcissus 'Rip van Winkle'</span> Narcissus Cultivar Rip van Winkle Daffodil

Narcissus 'Rip van Winkle' is an heirloom cultivar of Narcissus, which was first introduced commercially in 1884. When the cultivar was produced is unknown, however it is believed this historic cultivar originated in Irish gardens. The cultivar was first distributed by plantsman William Baylor Hartland of Country Cork, Ireland.

References

  1. BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  2. Judith Farr; Louise Carter (31 October 2005). The Gardens Of Emily Dickinson. Harvard University Press. p. 252. ISBN   978-0-674-01829-7 . Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  3. Tovah Martin; Brooklyn Botanic Garden (1 March 2000). Old-Fashioned Flowers: Classic Blossoms to Grow in Your Garden . Brooklyn Botanic Garden. p.  14. ISBN   978-1-889538-15-0 . Retrieved 28 July 2012.
  4. H. L. Li (3 December 2002). Chinese Flower Arrangement. Courier Dover Publications. p. 48. ISBN   978-0-486-42316-6 . Retrieved 28 July 2012.
  5. Michaux, Jean (2009). "Narcissus tazetta". La Flore. Académie de Besançon. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
  6. Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 290 Narcissus tazetta
  7. Haworth, Adrian Hardy. 1819. Supplementum Plantarum Succulentarum 142, Hermione tazetta
  8. Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel. 1848. Flora Telluriana 4: 21 Jonquilla tazetta
  9. Rouy, Georges C. Chr. 1912. Flore de France 13: 40 Narcissus linnaeanus
  10. Sessé y Lacasta, Martín & Mociño, José Mariano. 1894. Flora Mexicana ed. 2: 85 Pancratium tazetta
  11. Search for "Narcissus tazetta", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew , retrieved 2012-12-26
  12. Baker, John Gilbert. 1888. Handbook of the Amarylldaceae p 9
  13. 1 2 Baker, John Gilbert. 1888. Handbook of the Amarylldaceae p 8
  14. Flora of China v 24 p 269, Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis, common name 水仙 shui xian
  15. Masamune, Genkei & Yanagihara, Masayuki. 1941. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa 31: 329.
  16. Baker, John Gilbert. 1888. Handbook of the Amarylldaceae p 7
  17. Natalia Dudareva; Eran Pichersky (27 March 2006). Biology of Floral Scent. CRC Press. p. 95. ISBN   978-0-8493-2283-9.
  18. Kew Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  19. Chile Flora
  20. Nigel Groom (30 June 1997). The New Perfume Handbook. Springer. pp. 225–226. ISBN   978-0-7514-0403-6 . Retrieved 28 July 2012.

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