Singtel Optus Pty Limited is a major Australian telecommunications company headquartered in Macquarie Park, Sydney. Optus is the second-largest telecommunications company in Australia, with over 11 million customers as of 2023.[2] Its mobile network covers 98.5% of the Australian population, with plans to cover all of Australia by 2025 through its partnership with SpaceX.[6]
Optus can trace its beginnings back to the formation of the Government-owned AUSSAT Pty Limited in 1981. In 1982, Aussat selected the Hughes 376 for their initial satellites, with the first, AUSSAT A1, launched in August 1985.[7] AUSSAT satellites were used for both military and civilian satellite communications, and delivering television services to remote outback communities.
With Aussat operating at a loss and with moves to deregulatetelecommunications in Australia, the government decided to sell Aussat, coupled with a telecommunications licence. The licence was sold to Optus Communications – a consortium including:[8]
The new telecommunications company was designed to provide competition to then government owned telecommunications company Telecom Australia, now known as Telstra.
Founding of Optus (1991–present)
Optus gained the second general carrier licence in January 1991.[10]
After privatisation, AUSSAT became Optus and its first offering to the general public was to offer long-distance calls at cheaper rates than that of its competitor Telstra. The long-distance calling rates on offer were initially available by consumers dialing 1 before the area code and phone number. Following this, a ballot process was conducted by then regulator AUSTEL, with customers choosing their default long-distance carrier.[11] Customers who made no choice or did not respond to the mailout campaign automatically remained as a Telstra long-distance customer. Customers who remained with Telstra could dial the override code of 1456 before the area code and phone number to manually select Optus as the carrier for that single call. Since 1 July 1998, consumers have the choice of preselecting their preferred long-distance carrier or dialling the override code before dialling a telephone number.
The group began by building an interstate fibre optic cable and a series of exchanges between Optus' interstate network and Telstra's local network. It also laid fibre optics into major office buildings and industrial areas, and focused on high bandwidth local, (interstate) long distance, and interstate calls for business. In its early years, Optus was only able to offer local and long-distance calls to residential customers through Telstra's local phone network. Telstra would carry residential to residential calls to Optus' exchanges, and then the calls would be switched to Optus' long-distance fibre optic network.
In 1993 Optus, along with Telstra and Vodafone were licensed by the regulator Austel (now ACMA) to provide 2GGSM mobile telephony. Optus's mobile service launched in May of that year.[12]
In 2024, Singtel held advanced talks with Brookfield to sell a 20% stake in Optus. Brookfield and Singtel were unable to agree on terms, with Singtel claiming afterwards it remained committed to Optus and the Australian market.[13]
Retail services are sold to customers via phone, internet or through retail outlets, especially franchisechains such as Optus World, Network Communications, Strathfield, TeleChoice, and Allphones.
Optus' Customer Solutions and Services (CS&S) organisation is responsible for providing support to Optus Business customers. CS&S works with Optus' subsidiary Alphawest to support information technology services across Optus' large business, corporate and government[15] client base.
Stephen Rue commenced as Chief Executive Officer of Optus in November 2024 following the resignation of Kelly Bayer Rosmarin after the 2023 nation-wide outage. Rue was previously the Chief Executive of NBN Co and is an Executive Director of the Optus Board.[16][17]
OptusNet
OptusNet logo
Optus Communications offered its first business-focused internet products in 1998 under the OptusNet product family, offering in-house developed dial-up and high-speed services. Optus purchased one of Australia's pioneer ISPs, Microplex, in 1998 to provide consumer dial-up internet services.[18][19] Separate to this, under the Optus Vision brand, a cable broadband arm began as a joint venture with U.S. cable and content provider Excite@Home and was known as Optus@Home from its introduction in 1999[20] until it was renamed in 2002.[21]ADSL services were offered from February 2004.[22]ADSL2+ services were provided from December 2005.[23]
Subsidiaries and consortiums
This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(June 2023)
A number of notable wholly owned subsidiaries operate as part of the Singtel Optus group. These are:
Until 20 January 2013, Optus sold mobile services under the brand name Boost Mobile.[24]
In June 2007, joint venture subsidiary OPEL Networks was awarded government funding towards the cost of building a regional broadband network. Optus was to be contracted to build the network on behalf of OPEL.[25][26] In April 2008, after a change of the Federal Government from the Liberal Party of Australia coalition to the Australian Labor Party, the new government terminated the funding agreement and the project was halted, with its functions to be replaced by the National Broadband Network.
Optus is part of a consortium – now known as Terria – that in July 2006 announced their intention to make a combined bid to build the proposed National Broadband Network.[27]
Reef Networks was formed in 1999 to provide an optical fibre link between Brisbane and Cairns in Queensland. Optus gained exclusive access to this link in 2001, ahead of acquiring the organisation in 2005.[28]
XYZed was established by Optus in 2000 to provide wholesale business-grade DSL services under an individual brand, but today provides a collection of products only as part of the Optus Wholesale & Satellite division. XYZed established a network of DSLAMs inside Telstra telephone exchanges, utilising Unconditioned Local Loop services to reach end users.[29]
Cable & Wireless with 24.5% stakeholder bought out BellSouth's equal 24.5% shareholding in July 1997.[30] The company returned to profitability in 1998 and changed its name to Cable & Wireless Optus.[31] Government relaxation of foreign ownership restrictions paved the way for the company to be floated – with Cable and Wireless increasing its holding to 52.5%)[32][33] – and listed on the Australian Securities Exchange on 17 November 1998.[34]
During 2001, Singtel launched a takeover bid for Cable and Wireless Optus[35] which was ultimately successful[36] and the company became known as Singtel Optus.
In May 2004, Optus announced a $226.8 million bid for UEComm.[37] The takeover was approved in July[38] and completed in August.[39]
In July 2005, Optus announced it would acquire Alphawest Ltd. for A$25.9 million.[40] The buyout was completed in November 2005 and Alphawest is now an operating division of Optus Business.
On 12 January 2006, Optus acquired the remaining 74.15% of Virgin Mobile Australia for U$22.6 m, giving it 100% ownership.
Outsourcing
Since 2005, Optus has outsourced some customer service functions to Concentrix and 247.ai, with the outsourcer providing 800 staff operating offshore in India, supplementing Optus' 3,000-plus onshore call centre staff.[41] Some functions have also been supplemented in the Philippines.[42] Optus also uses 24/7 Inc. for telephone & chat based offshore support.
In October 2006, Optus announced that it would outsource 100 contracting jobs to another Singtel subsidiary, IT company NCS, in Singapore.[43]
Infrastructure
Optus' fully owned network infrastructure consists of the following:[44][45]
CBD optical fibre rings in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth, Canberra and Wollongong, providing direct access for corporate and government services.
DSLAMs in certain Telstra local telephone exchanges in all states. Originally only providing business-grade DSL services, newer installations also provide consumer DSL and POTS telephony.
OptusNet also provides Cable internet. In August 2010, OptusNet released an upgrade of its HFC network to the DOCSIS 3.0 standard,[46] which enabled customers to access a maximum theoretical downstream bandwidth of 100 Megabits. OptusNet is also one of the few ISPs in Australia to currently provide ADSL2+ via its own DSLAMs, which it also resells to other ISPs.[47]
Mobile network
Mobile network equipment is from Nortel, Nokia and Huawei and antennas are sourced from Andrews, RFS, Argus and Kathrein.[citation needed]
The Optus network operates on the following bandwidth frequencies across Australia:
4GLTE 700 / 900 / 1800 / 2100 / 2300 / 2600MHz network which has been in progressive rollout since 2012.[48][49]VoLTE is currently being rolled out across Australia. For now, VoLTE is only available in CBD and metro areas in Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Brisbane, Perth and Canberra on selected devices purchased on postpaid contracts. Until VoLTE has been fully rolled out, voice calling is still reliant on the 3G network (and formerly the 2G network until it was terminated).[50]
On 28 October 2024, the 3G UMTS service provided by Optus was shut down. This affects other providers reliant on their network, including Amaysim and Virgin Mobile Australia. To remain connected, customers are required to have a phone capable of connecting to their 4G LTE or 5G NR services. All phones incapable of using VoLTE will be prevented from accessing the Optus network due to legal requirements for all devices to be able to access the Triple Zero emergency calling system.[52]
Between 1994 and 2005 Optus had the naming rights to the Carlton football clubs original home ground in Princes Park. It was called Optus Oval until the ground was retired by the AFL in 2005.
In 2016, Optus signed a 10-year partnership agreement with the Australian Olympic Committee to be the official partner of the Australian Olympic Team and the Australian Paralympic Team until 2026.[55]
In 2017, Optus won naming rights to Perth Stadium where it would be known as Optus Stadium. Optus and the Government of Western Australia agreed to a 10-year naming right worth approximately A$50 million.[56]
In 2014 Telstra successfully argued an Optus TV campaign was misleading about its coverage.[59]
During the 2018 FIFA World Cup, its Optus Sport streaming service suffered widespread outages that left subscribers unable to view matches; chief executive Allen Lew apologised, temporary simulcasts were arranged with SBS, and subscriptions were made free with refunds offered to affected customers.[60]
In April 2018, Optus removed and investigated a Neutral Bay retail job ad that improperly expressed a preference for "Anglo-Saxon" applicants.[61]
In February 2019, the Federal Court imposed a $10million penalty after Optus admitted misleading customers charged via its Direct Carrier Billing service for unwanted digital content, with hundreds of thousands refunded.[62]
In September 2025, Optus paid a $100million penalty in response to a court order that it had engaged in "unconscionable conduct" by recommending products that customers could not afford, didn't want or couldn't use, these customers were unemployed, homeless, had a disability or didn't speak English as their first language, First Nations people from regional areas were also targeted.[63]
Around 22 September 2022, Optus systems sustained a significant cyberattack that resulted in a major data breach of both current and former customers' personal information, including customers' names, dates of birth, phone numbers and email addresses, with a smaller subset of customers having their street addresses, driving licence details and passport numbers leaked. Optus CEO Kelly Bayer Rosmarin urged customers to exercise "heightened awareness" regarding transactions with their Optus and other accounts. Rosmarin emphasised that passwords were not compromised.[64][65] The CEO said that the "worst-case scenario" regarding the number of customers whose data had been leaked was 9.8 million customers, but believes the actual number to be far lower.[66]
On 24 September 2022, Australian news outlets The Age and The Sydney Morning Herald reported that Optus was investigating the authenticity of a ransom demand of US$1million made on a hacking forum. The demand gave Optus one week to pay the ransom in cryptocurrency else the data will be sold for US$300,000 to whoever else wants it.[67]
On 6 October, the Australian Federal Police announced the arrest of a 19-year-old man who had allegedly threatened 93 Optus customers by saying that he would use their information leaked in the attack to commit financial crimes, unless they paid AUD$2,000.[68][69]
In response to the cyberattack, the Australian federal government announced an emergency regulation on 6 October, in the form of a 12-month amendment to the Telecommunications Regulations 2021 to "enable telecommunications companies to temporarily share approved government identifier information with regulated financial services entities."[70][71][72]
Early on 8 November 2023, an undetermined issue caused a nationwide outage in Optus Mobile and Fixed Internet services. The outage directly impacted more than 10 million customers, including government services, hospitals and businesses. Optus Mobile customers reported that their phones showed 'SOS only' on the signal indicator, which is a sign the regular network is down, but mobile phones still have access to alternate networks in the event of an emergency call by using a so-called camping mechanism; however, Optus landlines were unable to make Triple Zero (000) emergency calls.[74] The outage affected the communication systems for Melbourne's train network, so for safety reasons the whole network was halted until backup communications commenced, leading to major delays and cancellations throughout the day.[75][76][77]
Starting approximately 12:30am on 18 September 2025, Optus experienced an outage affecting callers on its network being able to access the Triple Zero emergency services calling system. Approximately 600 calls to Triple Zero made from the Northern Territory, South Australia, Western Australia and New South Wales failed and were not camped off to another network. A technical fault in a firewall upgrade resulted in the network incorrectly blocking Triple Zero calls until at least 1:50pm, at some point shortly after Optus reverted the change.[78][79][80]
At least four people were found to have died after being unable to contact emergency services during the outage: an eight-week-old boy and 68-year-old woman from South Australia, and a 49-year-old and 74-year-old man from Western Australia.[81] The death of the eight-week-old is not believed to be contributed to by the outage, while investigations are continuing around the other three.[82] The company has received significant criticism for its handling of the outage, including not notifying emergency services that people were unable to contact Triple Zero for at least 9 hours, delays in providing government authorities with details of failed calls, and holding press conferences announcing the deaths of callers prior to alerting authorities.[83][84][85] Multiple government regulators and police services as well as Optus have announced independent investigations into the outage and the company's handling of it.[86][79]
On 28 September, Optus experienced a separate outage in Dapto, New South Wales in which nine calls to Triple Zero did not connect due to a failed mobile phone tower.[87]
↑ Swan, David (21 November 2023). "Optus' year from hell raises questions for parent company Singtel". The Sydney Morning Herald. Nine Entertainment. Archived from the original on 23 November 2023. Optus is fully owned by Singtel, which itself is majority owned by Temasek Holdings, the investment arm of the Singapore government, which owns 55 per cent of the company's issued share capital.
↑ Beckham, Jeff (26 December 2023). "65+ Inspiring Singtel Statistics and Facts in 2023". The Tech Report. Archived from the original on 26 December 2023. Optus, the second-largest telecommunications company in Australia, is 100% owned by Singtel. This acquisition has contributed substantially to Singtel's international presence.
↑ "Aussat A-Series". Australia's Satellites & Programs. Lowdown. Archived from the original on 8 June 2007. Retrieved 16 June 2007.
↑ Report 333 - The sale of Aussat. The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia – Joint Committee of Public Accounts. September 1994. p.12. ISBN0-644-35468-2.
↑ "Cable & Wireless: "Optus"". Communications, Electrical and Plumbing Union (Communications Division). August 1999. Archived from the original on 27 July 2001. Retrieved 19 July 2008.
↑ "Cable & Wireless Optus Prospectus" (Press release). Cable & Wireless Optus via Australian Securities Exchange. 30 September 1998. Archived from the original on 27 November 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2008.
↑ Hall, Eleanor (26 March 2001). "Singtel confirms Optus merger". The World Today. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 18 February 2011. Retrieved 19 July 2008.
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A$8.05 billion (2023) [1] 
