The external iliac arteries are two major arteries which bifurcate off the common iliac arteries anterior to the sacroiliac joint of the pelvis. They proceed anterior and inferior along the medial border of the psoas major muscles. They exit the pelvic girdle posterior and inferior to the inguinal ligament about one third laterally from the insertion point of the inguinal ligament on the pubic tubercle at which point they are referred to as the femoral arteries. The external iliac artery is usually the artery used to attach the renal artery to the recipient of a kidney transplant.
In human anatomy, the sacral plexus is a nerve plexus which provides motor and sensory nerves for the posterior thigh, most of the lower leg and foot, and part of the pelvis. It is part of the lumbosacral plexus and emerges from the lumbar vertebrae and sacral vertebrae (L4-S4). A sacral plexopathy is a disorder affecting the nerves of the sacral plexus, usually caused by trauma, nerve compression, vascular disease, or infection. Symptoms may include pain, loss of motor control, and sensory deficits.
The internal iliac artery is the main artery of the pelvis.
The superior gluteal nerve is a nerve that originates in the pelvis and supplies the gluteus medius, the gluteus minimus, the tensor fasciae latae and the piriformis muscles.
The obturator nerve in human anatomy arises from the ventral divisions of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves in the lumbar plexus; the branch from the third is the largest, while that from the second is often very small.
The iliolumbar artery is the first branch of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery.
The inferior gluteal artery, the smaller of the two terminal branches of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery, is distributed chiefly to the buttock and back of the thigh.
The median sacral artery is a small vessel that arises posterior to the abdominal aorta and superior to its bifurcation.
The sympathetic trunks are a paired bundle of nerve fibers that run from the base of the skull to the coccyx.
The pelvic cavity is a body cavity that is bounded by the bones of the pelvis. Its oblique roof is the pelvic inlet. Its lower boundary is the pelvic floor.
The linea terminalis or innominate line consists of the pectineal line, the arcuate line, the pubic crest, the sacral ala, and the sacral promontory.
The external iliac lymph nodes are lymph nodes, from eight to ten in number, that lie along the external iliac vessels.
The nerve to obturator internus is a nerve that innervates the obturator internus and gemellus superior muscles.
The nerve to quadratus femoris is a nerve that provides innervation to the quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior muscles.
The inferior hypogastric plexus is a plexus of nerves that supplies the viscera of the pelvic cavity.
Sacral splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that connect the inferior hypogastric plexus to the sympathetic trunk in the pelvis.
The lumbosacral trunk is nervous tissue that connects the lumbar plexus with the sacral plexus.
The pararectal lymph nodes are in contact with the muscular coat of the rectum. They drain the descending iliac and sigmoid parts of the colon and the upper part of the rectum; their efferents pass to the preaortic glands.
The lumbar trunks are formed by the union of the efferent vessels from the lateral aortic lymph nodes.
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Gray's Anatomy is an English language textbook of human anatomy originally written by Henry Gray and illustrated by Henry Vandyke Carter. Earlier editions were called Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical and Gray's Anatomy: Descriptive and Applied, but the book's name is commonly shortened to, and later editions are titled, Gray's Anatomy. The book is widely regarded as an extremely influential work on the subject, and has continued to be revised and republished from its initial publication in 1858 to the present day. The latest edition of the book, the 41st, was published in September 2015.
