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Lymph Nodes of the Upper Limb and Breast
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| Details | |
| System | Lymphatic system |
| Identifiers | |
| FMA | 44314 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
A brachial lymph nodes (or lateral group) are group of four to six lymph nodes which lies in relation to the medial and posterior aspects of the axillary vein; the afferents of these glands drain the whole arm with the exception of that portion whose vessels accompany the cephalic vein.
The efferent vessels pass partly to the central and subclavicular groups of axillary glands and partly to the inferior deep cervical glands.
A lymph node, or lymph gland, is a kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system and the adaptive immune system. A large number of lymph nodes are linked throughout the body by the lymphatic vessels. They are major sites of lymphocytes that include B and T cells. Lymph nodes are important for the proper functioning of the immune system, acting as filters for foreign particles including cancer cells, but have no detoxification function.
The axilla is the area on the human body directly under the joint where the arm connects to the shoulder. It also contains many sweat glands.
The periaortic lymph nodes are a group of lymph nodes that lie in front of the lumbar vertebrae near the aorta. These lymph nodes receive drainage from the gastrointestinal tract and the abdominal organs.
In human anatomy, the lateral thoracic artery is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the lateral structures of the thorax and breast.
The external iliac lymph nodes are lymph nodes, from eight to ten in number, that lie along the external iliac vessels.
The submandibular triangle corresponds to the region of the neck immediately beneath the body of the mandible.
The tracheobronchial lymph nodes are lymph nodes that are located around the division of trachea and main bronchi.
The axillary lymph nodes or armpit lymph nodes are lymph nodes in the human armpit. Between 20 and 49 in number, they drain lymph vessels from the lateral quadrants of the breast, the superficial lymph vessels from thin walls of the chest and the abdomen above the level of the navel, and the vessels from the upper limb. They are divided in several groups according to their location in the armpit. These lymph nodes are clinically significant in breast cancer, and metastases from the breast to the axillary lymph nodes are considered in the staging of the disease.
The popliteal lymph nodes, small in size and some six or seven in number, are embedded in the fat contained in the popliteal fossa, sometimes referred to as the 'knee pit'. One lies immediately beneath the popliteal fascia, near the terminal part of the small saphenous vein, and drains the region from which this vein derives its tributaries, such as superficial regions of the posterolateral aspect of the leg and the plantar aspect of the foot.
One or two deltopectoral lymph nodes are found beside the cephalic vein, between the pectoralis major and deltoideus, immediately below the clavicle.
A central or intermediate group of three or four large glands is imbedded in the adipose tissue near the base of the axilla.
An anterior or pectoral group consists of four or five glands along the lower border of the Pectoralis minor, in relation with the lateral thoracic artery.
A posterior or subscapular group of six or seven glands is placed along the lower margin of the posterior wall of the axilla in the course of the subscapular artery.
An apical group of six to twelve glands is situated partly posterior to the upper portion of the Pectoralis minor and partly above the upper border of this muscle.
The superior deep cervical lymph nodes lie under the sternocleidomastoid muscle in close relation with the accessory nerve and the internal jugular vein.
The submental glands are situated between the anterior bellies of the digastric muscle and the hyoid bone.
The parasternal lymph nodes are placed at the anterior ends of the intercostal spaces, by the side of the internal thoracic artery.
The superior mesenteric lymph nodes may be divided into three principal groups:
The facial lymph nodes comprise three groups:
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
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