Nickname(s) | The Pirates | ||
---|---|---|---|
Association | Seychelles Football Federation | ||
Confederation | CAF (Africa) | ||
Sub-confederation | COSAFA (Southern Africa) | ||
Head coach | Ralph Jean-Louis (caretaker) | ||
Captain | Benoit Marie | ||
Most caps | Benoit Marie (64) | ||
Top scorer | Philip Zialor (14) | ||
Home stadium | Stade Linité | ||
FIFA code | SEY | ||
| |||
FIFA ranking | |||
Current | 201 (28 November 2024) [1] | ||
Highest | 129 (October 2006) | ||
Lowest | 202 (February 2020) | ||
First international | |||
Réunion 2–0 Seychelles (Saint-Denis, Réunion; 13 February 1974) | |||
Biggest win | |||
Seychelles 9–0 Maldives (Saint-Pierre, Réunion; 27 August 1979) | |||
Biggest defeat | |||
Ivory Coast 9–0 Seychelles (Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; 17 November 2023) | |||
COSAFA Cup | |||
Appearances | 14 (first in 2005 ) | ||
Best result | Group stage (2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2022, 2023, 2024) |
The Seychelles national football team, nicknamed the Pirates, represents Seychelles in international football and is controlled by the Seychelles Football Federation (SFF). SFF has been a member of the Confederation of African Football (CAF) and FIFA since 1986. [2] The team's home stadium is the 10,000-capacity Stade Linité located in Roche Caiman in the outskirts of Victoria, the capital of Seychelles. [2]
Football was introduced to Seychelles in the 1930s. Its first official competition, the Challenge Cup, was organized in 1936. Then in 1941, a championship between five teams was set up with matches of 60 minutes, played barefoot. [3]
In 1969, the president of the Seychelles Football Federation wanted to set up a national team. Engaged on a voluntary basis, Adrian Fisher arrived on the island in September to reorganize Seychelles football. He equipped all the players with shoes, introduced contemporary training techniques and extended the match time to 90 minutes. The newly-formed national team played their first matches at a friendly tournament in Kenya in April 1970. In Seychelles' first matches played on a real football pitch, they drew 2–2 against Feisal F.C. then lost 1–2 to Mwengi at Mombasa Municipal Stadium. When Fisher left Seychelles in 1973, the team had played six games against four clubs.
Seychelles played their first match against another national team on March 13, 1974, against Réunion. In this friendly match, the Pirates lost 0–2. Two years later, this time as an independent nation, the Seychelles faced Réunion again, losing 1–4. In September 1977, they played their first match against a FIFA-affiliated team, Mauritius, during a tournament played in Réunion, and lost 1–2. The team enjoyed its first victory the following year by beating Réunion 1–0 at home.
In 1979, Seychelles played their first tournament, the 1979 Indian Ocean Games. They lost their first game 3–0 to Réunion, and beat Maldives 9–0 in their second. In the semi-final, they knocked out Mauritius 4–2 on penalties after a 1–1 draw, but in the final they lost 2–1 to Réunion.
Seychelles were eliminated from the group stage at the 1985 Indian Ocean Games but, on August 31, 1986, they played their first competitive match recognised by FIFA and CAF, following their affiliation with both organisations, a qualification match against Mauritius for the 1987 All-Africa Games, which they lost 1–2. They participated, for the first time, in the 1988 African Cup of Nations qualifiers against Mauritius but lost 1–3 over the two legs.
At the 1990 Indian Ocean Games, the team suffered the heaviest defeat in its history against Madagascar in the semi-final, losing 0–6. In the bronze medal match, they won against Comoros 3–1. Despite hosting the following games, the team failed to repeat this performance, losing all four games and finishing last in the competition.
After the elimination from the preliminary phase of the 1996 African Cup of Nations by Mauritius 2–1 over the two legs, Vojo Gardašević was hired to lead the team. Following that, the Pirates again finished third in the 1998 Indian Ocean Games and, two years later, competed in the World Cup qualifiers for the first time. Playing against Namibia they drew 1–1 in Stade Linité, thanks to a goal by Philip Zialor but lost the second leg 0–3. Seychelles were also eliminated in the preliminary round of the 2000 African Cup of Nations by Zimbabwe 0–6 over the two matches. Seychelles fared better in the qualification for the 2004 African Cup of Nations as the team, led by Dominique Bathenay then Michael Nees, finished third and recorded two prestigious home wins: beating Eritrea 1–0 with a goal by veteran Roddy Victor, and beating a Peter Ndlovu-led Zimbabwe team 2–1 with goals by strikers Alpha Baldé and Philip Zialor. Following that they achieved a bronze medal at the 2003 Indian Ocean Games, then were eliminated in the preliminary round of the 2006 World Cup by Zambia, 1–5 in the two games.
In 2011, Seychelles hosted the 2011 Indian Ocean Island Games and won the tournament for the first time, beating Mauritius in the final on penalties. [4] [5]
The rest of the 2010s saw little success for The Pirates with the high point achieved during 2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification where they managed a 2–0 win over Lesotho and a 1–1 draw with Ethiopia to finish third in their four-team group.[ citation needed ]
In 2006, a new technical centre in Mahé was opened, with help from the FIFA Goal programme. [6] The project had a total cost of approximately 750,000 USD. James Michel, president of the Seychelles, was present at the inauguration. The technical centre houses the SFF headquarters, an auditorium, 20 bedrooms, two massage rooms, changing rooms and a restaurant. The centre is located next to the turf pitches that were also installed by the Goal programme in 2003. [7] [8]
The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.
Win Draw Loss Fixture
8 June 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification | Gambia | 5–1 | Seychelles | Berkane, Morocco |
17:00 UTC+1 | Report |
| Stadium: Berkane Municipal Stadium Attendance: 700 Referee: Joseph Odey Ogabor (Nigeria) |
11 June 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification | Seychelles | 1–3 | Burundi | Berkane, Morocco |
20:00 UTC+1 |
| Report |
| Stadium: Berkane Municipal Stadium Referee: Mohamed Ali Moussa (Niger) |
28 June 2024 COSAFA Cup | Lesotho | 1–1 | Seychelles | Gqeberha, South Africa |
15:00 UTC+2 |
| Report |
| Stadium: Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium |
1 July 2024 COSAFA Cup | Angola | 3–2 | Seychelles | Gqeberha, South Africa |
12:00 UTC+2 | Report | Stadium: Isaac Wolfson Stadium |
3 July 2024 COSAFA Cup | Namibia | 3–1 | Seychelles | Gqeberha, South Africa |
15:00 UTC+2 | Report |
| Stadium: Isaac Wolfson Stadium |
Position | Name |
---|---|
Head Coach | Ralph Jean-Louis (caretaker) |
Assistant Coaches | Ernest Vivien Lesley Guichard |
Goalkeeping Coach | Frantz Boulle |
Fitness Coach | James Fontaine |
Match Analyst | Alexis Lafleur |
Doctors | Dr. Daniel François Dr. Justine Valmont |
Physiotherapists | Michael Payet Jules Hervé Richard Lemoine Thomas Hoareau |
Team Coordinator | Gavin Jeanne |
Technical Director | Vivian Bothe |
The following players were selected for the 2024 COSAFA Cup. [9]
Caps and goals correct as of 28 June 2024, after the match against Lesotho.
The following players have also been called up to the Seychelles squad within the last twelve months.
Rank | Name | Caps | Goals | Career |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Benoit Marie | 64 | 0 | 2013–present |
2 | Gervais Waye-Hive | 51 | 6 | 2012–present |
3 | Colin Esther | 45 | 2 | 2008–2022 |
4 | Eric Nelson Sopha | 44 | 0 | 1996–2012 |
5 | Jones Joubert | 43 | 0 | 2006–2019 |
6 | Warren Mellie | 40 | 3 | 2017–present |
7 | Achille Henriette | 39 | 6 | 2006–2016 |
8 | Henny Dufresne | 33 | 1 | 2002–2014 |
Philip Zialor | 33 | 14 | 1998–2009 | |
10 | Yannick Manoo | 32 | 1 | 2013–2022 |
Rank | Name | Goals | Caps | Ratio | Career |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Philip Zialor | 14 | 33 | 0.42 | 1998–2009 |
2 | Alpha Baldé | 6 | 20 | 0.3 | 1996–2011 |
Achille Henriette | 6 | 39 | 0.15 | 2006–2016 | |
Gervais Waye-Hive | 6 | 51 | 0.12 | 2012–present | |
5 | Perry Monnaie | 4 | 17 | 0.24 | 2018–2020 |
Don Annacoura | 4 | 27 | 0.15 | 2000–2011 | |
Brandon Labrosse | 4 | 30 | 0.13 | 2019–present | |
8 | Lorenzo Hoareau | 3 | 7 | 0.43 | 2021–present |
Ralph Jean-Louis | 3 | 10 | 0.3 | 1993–2000 | |
Wilnes Brutus | 3 | 12 | 0.25 | 2002–2011 | |
Leroy Coralie | 3 | 17 | 0.18 | 2016–2022 | |
Yelvanny Rose | 3 | 18 | 0.17 | 2002–2007 | |
Nelson Laurence | 3 | 25 | 0.12 | 2008–2018 | |
Godfrey Denis Armel | 3 | 29 | 0.1 | 1998–2008 | |
Warren Mellie | 3 | 40 | 0.08 | 2017–present | |
FIFA World Cup | Qualification | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Round | Position | Pld | W | D* | L | GF | GA | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | |
1930 to 1974 | Part of United Kingdom | Part of United Kingdom | |||||||||||||
1978 to 1986 | Not a FIFA member | Not a FIFA member | |||||||||||||
1990 to 1998 | Did not enter | Did not enter | |||||||||||||
2002 | Did not qualify | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||
2006 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | |||||||||
2010 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 17 | |||||||||
2014 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7 | |||||||||
2018 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | |||||||||
2022 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 10 | |||||||||
2026 | To be determined | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 22 | ||||||||
2030 | To be determined | ||||||||||||||
2034 | |||||||||||||||
Total | – | 0/9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 20 | 0 | 2 | 18 | 8 | 68 |
Africa Cup of Nations record | Africa Cup of Nations Qualification record | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Round | Position | Pld | W | D* | L | GF | GA | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | ||
1957 to 1976 | Part of United Kingdom | Part of United Kingdom | ||||||||||||||
1978 to 1986 | Not affiliated to CAF | Not affiliated to CAF | ||||||||||||||
1988 | Did not enter | Did not enter | ||||||||||||||
1990 | Did not qualify | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |||||||||
1992 | Withdrew | Withdrew | ||||||||||||||
1994 | Did not enter | Did not enter | ||||||||||||||
1996 | Withdrew | Withdrew | ||||||||||||||
1998 | Did not qualify | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||
2000 | Did not enter | Did not enter | ||||||||||||||
2002 | ||||||||||||||||
2004 | Did not qualify | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 10 | |||||||||
2006 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | ||||||||||
2008 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 14 | ||||||||||
2010 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 17 | ||||||||||
2012 | Did not enter | Did not enter | ||||||||||||||
2013 | Did not qualify | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7 | |||||||||
2015 | Withdrew | Withdrew | ||||||||||||||
2017 | Did not qualify | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 11 | |||||||||
2019 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 25 | ||||||||||
2021 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||
2023 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||
2025 | Excluded | Excluded | ||||||||||||||
2027 | To be determined | To be determined | ||||||||||||||
2029 | ||||||||||||||||
Total | – | 0/35 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 42 | 5 | 6 | 31 | 24 | 100 |
Indian Ocean Island Games record | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Round | Position | Pld | W | D* | L | GF | GA | |
1979 | Runners-up | 2nd | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 6 | |
1985 | Group stage | 6th | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | |
1990 | Third place | 3rd | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 9 | |
1993 | Fourth place | 4th | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 12 | |
1998 | Third place | 3rd | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 10 | |
2003 | Third place | 3rd | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | |
2007 | Group stage | 5th | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | |
2011 | Champions | 1st | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 4 | |
2015 | Group stage | 5th | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 3 | |
2019 | Fourth place | 4th | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | |
2023 | Group Stage | 6th | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
Total | 1 Title | 11/11 | 36 | 10 | 7 | 20 | 48 | 68 |
Year | COSAFA Cup | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Round | Result | M | W | D | L | GF | GA | |
2000 | Excluded | |||||||
2001 | ||||||||
2002 | Did not enter | |||||||
2003 | ||||||||
2004 | ||||||||
2005 | Round 1 | 11th | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
2006 | Round 1 | 7th | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
2007 | Round 1 | 13th | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7 |
2008 | Group stage | 11th | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 2 |
2009 | Group stage | 13th | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
2013 | Group stage | 13th | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 8 |
2015 | Group stage | 13th | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
2016 | Group stage | 14th | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 10 |
2017 | Group stage | 14th | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 10 |
2018 | Group stage | 12th | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
2019 | Group stage | 13th | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 6 |
2021 | Did not enter | |||||||
2022 | Group Stage | 13th | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
2023 | Group Stage | 12th | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 9 |
Total | Group stage | 11/19 | 34 | 1 | 6 | 27 | 19 | 75 |
Opponent | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Algeria | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | –6 |
Angola | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 6 | –4 |
Bangladesh | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
Botswana | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | –3 |
Burkina Faso | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 7 | –4 |
Burundi | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 17 | –14 |
Comoros | 9 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 12 | 16 | –4 |
Congo | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
DR Congo | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7 | –7 |
Eritrea | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | –1 |
Eswatini | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 7 | –6 |
Ethiopia | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | –1 |
Gambia | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | –4 |
Ivory Coast | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 9 | –9 |
Kenya | 6 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 21 | –19 |
Lesotho | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 6 | –1 |
Libya | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 13 | –11 |
Madagascar | 13 | 0 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 28 | –22 |
Malawi | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | –5 |
Maldives | 8 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 21 | 10 | +11 |
Mali | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | –5 |
Mauritius | 31 | 6 | 8 | 17 | 32 | 51 | –19 |
Mozambique | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 | –4 |
Namibia | 7 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 15 | –10 |
Nigeria | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 6 | –5 |
Palestine | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | –1 |
Rwanda | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 10 | –10 |
San Marino | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sierra Leone | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | –2 |
South Africa | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 9 | –9 |
South Sudan | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | –2 |
Sri Lanka | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 5 | +3 |
Sudan | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | –5 |
Tanzania | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | +1 |
Tunisia | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 14 | –14 |
Uganda | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 8 | –6 |
Zambia | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 11 | –8 |
Zimbabwe | 7 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 22 | –19 |
Total | 159 | 20 | 31 | 107 | 124 | 349 | –225 |
Opponent | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mayotte | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 | –2 |
Réunion | 16 | 2 | 1 | 13 | 9 | 33 | –24 |
Total | 19 | 3 | 1 | 15 | 12 | 38 | –26 |
The Angola national football team represents Angola in men's international football and is controlled by the Angolan Football Federation. Nicknamed Palancas Negras, the team is a member of both FIFA and the Confederation of African Football (CAF).
The Namibia national football team represents Namibia in men's international football and is controlled by the Namibia Football Association. They have never qualified for the FIFA World Cup but have made four appearances in the Africa Cup of Nations. The team represents both FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF).
The Madagascar national football team, nicknamed Barea after the island's zebu, is the national team of Madagascar and is controlled by the Malagasy Football Federation. It has never qualified for the finals of the World Cup. It took part in its first Africa Cup of Nations in 2019. Among its biggest wins was a 1–0 home victory over Egypt in the qualification rounds of the 2004 Africa Cup of Nations until being surpassed by a recent 2–0 win over Nigeria in the group stage of the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations. Reflecting the official name of the country at the time, the team was known as the Malagasy Republic national football team between 1958 and 1975.
The Mauritius national football team, nicknamed Club M and Les Dodos, is the national team of Mauritius. They are overseen by the Mauritius Football Association, which is a member of FIFA, the Confederation of African Football (CAF), and the Council of Southern Africa Football Associations (COSAFA). The head coach is Guillaume Moullec.
The New Caledonia men's national football team is the national team of New Caledonia and is controlled by the Fédération Calédonienne de Football. Although they were only admitted to FIFA in 2004, they have been participating in the OFC Nations Cup since its inception. They have been one of this relatively small region's strongest teams, finishing second in 2008 and 2012, and third in 1973 and 1980. They were the top ranked OFC nation at number 95 in September 2008, making them only the fourth country from the confederation to have reached the global top 100.
The Burundi national football team,, nicknamed The Swallows, represents Burundi in international football and is controlled by the Football Federation of Burundi. The team has never qualified for the World Cup. Burundi previously did come very close to qualifying for the 1994 Africa Cup of Nations, losing only on penalties to Guinea in a playoff. However, in 2019, it qualified for the first time, and took part in the Africa Cup of Nations finals in Group B, but lost all its matches and left from the group stage without scoring a single goal.
The Gambia national football team represents the Gambia in men's international football and is controlled by the Gambia Football Federation. Until 1965, the team and the country were known as British Gambia. The team has never qualified for the World Cup. In 2021, Gambia qualified for the Africa Cup of Nations finals for the first time in history. The team represents both FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF).
The Somalia national football team, nicknamed the Ocean Stars, represents Somalia in international football and is controlled by the Somali Football Federation (SFF), a member of the Confederation of African Football (CAF). Somalia's first national team captain was Mohamed Shangole, while its longest serving captain has been Hasan Babay.
The Lesotho national football team, also known as LNFT, represents Lesotho in men's international association football and is governed by the Lesotho Football Association.
The Réunion national football team is the regional team of the French overseas department and region of Réunion and is controlled by the Réunionese Football League, local branch of the French Football Federation. Réunion is not a member of FIFA and is only an associate member of CAF, and is therefore not eligible to enter either the World Cup or the Africa Cup of Nations. However, it has played numerous matches, most of them against the island nations of Madagascar, Mauritius, and the Seychelles.
The Comoros national football team represents the Comoros in international football and is controlled by the Comoros Football Federation. It was formed in 1979, joined the Confederation of African Football (CAF) in 2003, and became a FIFA member in 2005. Comoros qualified for their first major tournament in 2021, after their 0–0 draw with Togo assured them of a place in the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations.
The Mayotte national football team represents the French overseas department and region of Mayotte in international football.
Ralph Jean-Louis is a Seychellois football manager and former player. He manages the Seychelles men's national team. He also used to manage St Michel United, a team in the Seychelles First Division. As a player, he played eleven years for the Seychelles national team as a midfielder and striker. At club level, he played for Bel Air FC, Anse-aux-Pins FC and St Michel United. He won two bronze medals as a player at the Indian Ocean Island Games as well as a gold as a manager.
The Madagascar women's national football team is the FIFA recognised senior women's A team for Madagascar. The team played their first FIFA matches in 2015. They were runner-up to Réunion in the 2015 Indian Ocean Island Games. They have competed in the COSAFA Women's Championship, in which they won a game against Comoros in 2019.
The Réunion women's national football team is the regional football team of Réunion, a French island, and is not recognised by FIFA. They have played international matches against Egypt, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Uganda and Mauritius. There is a two-level women's league in the country, with promotion and relegation between each division.
The Seychelles women's national football team is the national team of the Seychelles.
Ulric Mathiot is a Seychellois professional football player and manager.
The Seychelles national football team represents the Seychelles in international football under the control of the Seychelles Football Federation (SFF). The football association was founded in 1980 and became fully affiliated to FIFA and the Confederation of African Football (CAF) in 1986.
Natacha Diona Bibi is a Seychellois footballer and athlete who plays as a forward for the Seychelles national team.
Women's football in Seychelles faces several development problems inside the country including a lack of popularity for the sport, and few female players and teams. Women have gained football leadership positions in the country with one coaching a men's team and another umpiring international matches. There are other development issues for the sport that are ones facing the whole of Africa.