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Sri Ganganagar | |
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![]() A View of Sri Ganganagar railway station (Rajasthan) | |
Coordinates: 29°55′N73°53′E / 29.92°N 73.88°E | |
Country | ![]() |
State | Rajasthan |
District | Sri Ganganagar |
Founded by | Maharaja Ganga Singh |
Government | |
• Type | State Government |
• Body | Government of India |
Area | |
• Total | 225 km2 (87 sq mi) |
Elevation | 178 m (584 ft) |
Population (2011) [1] | |
• Total | 237,780 |
• Density | 1,100/km2 (2,700/sq mi) |
Languages | |
• Official | Hindi [2] |
• Additional official | English [2] |
Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
PIN | 335001 |
Telephone code | 0154 / +91-154 |
ISO 3166 code | RJ-IN |
Vehicle registration | RJ-13 |
Sex ratio | 947 ♂/♀ |
Website | sriganganagar.rajasthan.gov.in |
Sri Ganganagar is the northernmost city of the Indian state of Rajasthan, near the international border of India and Pakistan. It is the administrative headquarters of Sri Ganganagar district. It is named after Maharaja Shri Ganga Singh Bahadur, Maharaja of Bikaner. [3] The city is also known as the "Food Basket of Rajasthan".
Sri Ganganagar was established by Maharaja Ganga Singh. It was part of Bikaner princely state. [4] Sri Ganganagar is one of the first well-planned modern cities of India, it is said to be influenced by the town planning of Paris. It is divided into residential blocks and a commercial area which includes a Dhan Mandi (agricultural marketplace).
It is at the point where the Sutlej waters enter Rajasthan, and where it entered the erstwhile Bikaner State. It is said by the that this area first came under the jurisdiction of Bahawalpur state. But due to the large open area, the area was unguarded, and Hindu Mal (a companion of Maharaja Ganga Singh) took advantage of this opportunity and moved the posts along the boundary. He started his journey to change posts from Suratgarh in the south, and went until what is now Hindumalkot in the north. He informed the Maharaja about his successful invasion of the area when he reached the northern part and thereafter died, giving name to the city Hindumalkot.
In 1899–1900, the Bikaner State was affected by a severe famine. To resolve this issue, Maharaja Ganga Singh obtained the services of AWE Standley, an engineer, who demonstrated the feasibility of the western area of the Bikaner State being irrigated by the waters of the Sutlej. The plan of the Sutlej Valley Project was drawn by the chief engineer of Punjab, RG Kennedy, according to which the vast area of erstwhile Bikaner State could be brought under irrigation. However, the project was delayed due to objections by the state of Bahawalpur.
With the intervention of the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon in 1906, a Tripartite Conference was held and an agreement was reached on 4 September 1920. The foundation stone of the Canal Head Works at Ferozepur was laid on 5 December 1925 and the work completed in 1927 by constructing 143 km (89 mi) of lined canal. The opening ceremony was performed on 26 October 1927 by Lord Irwin, then Viceroy of India.
The plan for the city of Sri Ganganagar was drawn at this time. Irrigated parts of Bikaner State were brought under Sri Ganganagar district. Part of the district was later split off to form Hanumangarh district in 1994. Another part was split off to form Anupgarh district in 2023.
Sri Ganganagar District is between latitudes 28.4 and 30.6 and longitudes 72.2 and 75.3 [5] The total area of Sri Ganganagar is 11,154.66 km2 (1,115,466 ha; 4,306.84 sq mi). It is surrounded on the east by Hanumangarh district, (formerly part of Sri Ganganagar district) on the south west by Anupgarh district, (formerly part of Sri Ganganagar district) on the south by Bikaner District, on the west by Bahawalnagar district of the Pakistani Punjab, and on the north by Fazilka district of Indian Punjab.
Indira Gandhi Canal, the largest canal in India, is located in Sri Ganganagar district.
Although Sri Ganganagar district lies in the Thar Desert, irrigation via the Indira Gandhi and Ganga Canals has changed the flora and fauna. The district can be classified into five geographical regions:
Climate data for Sri Ganganagar (1981–2010, extremes 1937–2012) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 36.1 (97.0) | 35.0 (95.0) | 42.2 (108.0) | 47.0 (116.6) | 49.6 (121.3) | 50.0 (122.0) | 46.8 (116.2) | 44.4 (111.9) | 43.8 (110.8) | 41.1 (106.0) | 39.0 (102.2) | 31.5 (88.7) | 50.0 (122.0) |
Mean maximum °C (°F) | 25.5 (77.9) | 29.7 (85.5) | 35.6 (96.1) | 43.5 (110.3) | 46.2 (115.2) | 46.3 (115.3) | 43.0 (109.4) | 40.9 (105.6) | 40.2 (104.4) | 38.8 (101.8) | 34.2 (93.6) | 28.4 (83.1) | 47.0 (116.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 20.5 (68.9) | 23.8 (74.8) | 29.7 (85.5) | 37.0 (98.6) | 42.6 (108.7) | 42.0 (107.6) | 38.4 (101.1) | 37.8 (100.0) | 37.1 (98.8) | 34.9 (94.8) | 29.5 (85.1) | 23.4 (74.1) | 32.9 (91.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) | 8.6 (47.5) | 13.5 (56.3) | 19.1 (66.4) | 24.8 (76.6) | 26.9 (80.4) | 28.1 (82.6) | 27.4 (81.3) | 24.2 (75.6) | 18.0 (64.4) | 11.6 (52.9) | 6.9 (44.4) | 18.0 (64.4) |
Mean minimum °C (°F) | 1.8 (35.2) | 3.8 (38.8) | 8.4 (47.1) | 12.7 (54.9) | 19.2 (66.6) | 21.6 (70.9) | 23.8 (74.8) | 24.2 (75.6) | 20.1 (68.2) | 13.3 (55.9) | 7.0 (44.6) | 3.0 (37.4) | 1.4 (34.5) |
Record low °C (°F) | −2.2 (28.0) | −2.8 (27.0) | 0.6 (33.1) | 6.9 (44.4) | 11.7 (53.1) | 13.8 (56.8) | 14.5 (58.1) | 16.2 (61.2) | 14.0 (57.2) | 1.9 (35.4) | 1.7 (35.1) | −1.7 (28.9) | −2.8 (27.0) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 9.9 (0.39) | 17.3 (0.68) | 10.9 (0.43) | 12.2 (0.48) | 14.4 (0.57) | 47.6 (1.87) | 81.1 (3.19) | 60.6 (2.39) | 38.6 (1.52) | 3.7 (0.15) | 3.0 (0.12) | 3.5 (0.14) | 303.2 (11.94) |
Average rainy days | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 19.0 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 54 | 46 | 41 | 25 | 23 | 32 | 51 | 55 | 48 | 41 | 47 | 54 | 43 |
Source: India Meteorological Department [6] [7] [8] |
According to the 2011 census Sri Ganganagar city and outgrowths had a population of 237,780. [9] [1] Ganganagar had a sex ratio of 859 females for every 1000 males. Males constitute 53.8% of the population and females 46.2%. Ganganagar had an effective literacy rate of 74.25%: male literacy is 88.03%, and female literacy is 76.23%. In Ganganagar, 19.6% of the population is under 6 years of age. [1]
Majority of the population is Hindu, followed by Sikh and Muslim. [9]
Hindi and English serve as official languages of the city. Punjabi, Hindi, Rajasthani and Bagri are the most commonly spoken languages. [10] [11]
Desert land was converted to a green town by the efforts of Maharaja Ganga Singh, who brought the Ganga Canal. It carries the excess waters of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the region, making Ganganagar a district known as the "food basket of Rajasthan". [14]
The economy of the city is based on agriculture; its main crops are wheat, mustard and cotton. Other crops are guar, bajra, sugar cane and grams. In recent years, farmers are diverting towards horticulture. Kinnow (a citrus family fruit or a hybrid citrus fruit) is a popular horticultural product; other fruits of the citrus family are also grown. The city also have the largest carrot market of Rajasthan.
Industries in Sri Ganganagar District are based on agriculture. Major industries are cotton ginning and pressing factories, mustard oil mills, wheat flour mills, Rajasthan State Ganganagar Sugar Mills [15] (known for its Royal Heritage Liqueurs), [16] [17] 20 top renowned industries are Vikas WSP (P) Limited, T.C. Fresh Kinnow Waxing, Kanda Edible Oil Unit, Ruchi Soya Industries etc. It has cotton spinning and textile factories such as JCT Mills (now closed). Most of the factories are in and around Sri Ganganagar City.
Bagri culture dominates the district, while Punjabi culture has influence in some areas.
The embroidered odhni (mostly red) is a symbol of Bagri women. Kurto (a long shirt), Ghaghro/Ghagariyo (long frock-type clothes), Borlo/Boryo (a head ornament), and Odhni/Odhaniyo are the traditional dress of Bagri women, though the younger generation has adopted Salwar Kameez or western clothing.
The purdah (or veil) is mainly in vogue among Bagri women. Men mainly wear a pant-shirt, kurta-payjama and dhoti.
Traditional and Pop Punjabi music and Rajasthani devotional music is popular. Bollywood songs are listened to with the same enthusiasm as in other northern Indian regions.
The landscape of Sri Ganganagar is dotted with temples and religious places. The famous temples in Sri Ganganagar include
Sri Ganganagar is well connected with road and is linked directly to Delhi, Jaipur, Ludhiana, Chandigarh, Sikar, Karnal, Haridwar, Bathinda, Ambala, Jodhpur and many other cities. National Highway 62 passes through Sri Ganganagar. Auto rickshaws and cycle rickshaws are majorly used for local transport in Sri Ganganagar.
Sri Ganganagar Junction railway station is a main railway station in Sri Ganganagar District. The city is directly connected to Delhi, Jaipur, Kota, Bikaner, Haridwar, Hanumangarh, Jodhpur, Ambala, Sikar, Bathinda, Firozpur, Fazilka, Howrah, Trivandrum, Nanded, Ahmedabad, Pune, Roorkee, Kanpur, Bangalore and some other cities via train.
Lalgarh Airport is a main airport in Sri Ganganagar District.
Hanumangarh is a city and municipal council in the Indian state of Rajasthan, situated on the banks of the river Ghaggar also identified as ancient Sarasvati river, located about 400 km from Delhi. It is the administrative headquarter of Hanumangarh District. The city was once called Bhatner because it was founded by king Bhupat in 255 AD. It remained in the control of the Rajputs of Bhati clan and faced a historic siege by Timur in 1391, during which the Bhati Raput king Dulachand lost the fort for a short time. The fort was later occupied by Rao Jetsa of Bikaner.
Bikaner District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The historic city of Bikaner is the district headquarters. The district is located in Bikaner Division along with the three other districts of Anupgarh, Sri Ganganagar and Hanumangarh.
Hanumangarh district is a district in the state of Rajasthan in India. The city of Hanumangarh is the district headquarters and its largest city.
Sri Ganganagar district is the northernmost district of Rajasthan state of India.
Sadulshahar is a town and a municipality in Sri Ganganagar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.
Suratgarh is a City/Tehsil and a municipality in Sri Ganganagar district and is the biggest tehsil among all the 7 tehsils in Sri Ganganagar district. Suratgarh is also known as Cotton city & Bowl of grain of Rajasthan due to high production level of Cotton and wheat in this area. Suratgarh is 77 Km away in South from it district headquarters just nearby Sri Ganganagar city in Sri Ganganagar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Founded by Maharaja Surat Singh. Hindi, Bagri and Rajasthani are the widely spoken languages of the city.
Vijaynagar or Vijaynagar is a town and a municipality in Anupgarh district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.
The Ganga Canal of Rajasthan is an irrigation system of canals laid down by Maharaja Ganga Singh in the present district of Sri Ganganagar in the early twentieth century. It is fed from the Sutlej River near Firozpur, Punjab, close to the India–Pakistan border, and passes through the Faridkot, Fazilka and Muktsar districts. Faridkot's Jhok Sarkari village lies on its path.
Tibbi is a town and one of the seven tehsil headquarters of Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan state in India. It is nearby Hanumangarh city. It is at the junction of Haryana, Punjab, and Rajasthan states. The total population 8GGR Tibbi as of 2011 is 11,553.
Sri Vijaynagar Tehsil is the one of five tehsils of Anupgarh district of Rajasthan, India. It is located in the Eastern part of District Anupgarh. It is bordered by Anoopgarh tehsil in the west, by Raisinghnagar tehsil in the north, Suratgarh tehsil in the east, and Bikaner district in the south.
Raisinghnagar Tehsil is a tehsil of Anupgarh district, Rajasthan, India. It is in the central-western area of the district. Raisinghnagar is the headquarters of the tehsil. Sameja and Muklawa are Sub Tehsil in Raisinghnagar
365 Head, also called 2 KLD is a village in Anupgarh district of Rajasthan, India. It is located in the south-western region of Gharsana Tehsil, 74 kilometers from Anupgarh district headquarter and 198.2 kilometers from Ganganagar. 365 Head has gram panchayat status. It is named after the 365 R.D. of Anoopgarh branch canal.
Anupgarh Tehsil is the one of Seven tehsils of Anupgarh district in Rajasthan, India. The tehsil headquarters are located at the town of Anupgarh.
Rojhri Dham is a complex of religious sites dedicated to the worship of the Hindu deity Hanuman. It is situated in Rawla Mandi tehsil of Anupgarh district of Rajasthan.
Sri Gurusar Modia is a village in the Indian state of Rajasthan situated near borders of Rajasthan, Haryana and Punjab states and the international border of India and Pakistan. This village is located in the tehsil Suratgarh of district Sriganganagar. Suratgarh, once known as Sodhal was believed to be surrounded by the confluence of Saraswati and Drishyati rivers but now the land is a deserted one lying amidst the expanse of The great Indian Thar desert. Suratgarh is famous for its agriculture, air force and army base stations, largest thermal power plant of Rajasthan and largest radio station of Rajasthan called as "Cotton City Channel". Sri Gurusar Modia came into limelight when a controversial self-proclaimed saint and spiritual leader Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh was believed to be incarnated there and crowned to the throne of Dera Sacha Sauda at Sirsa in 1991. With setting up of Shah Satnam Schools for both boys and girls, super speciality hospitals etc. this village became nationwide popular
Anupgarh district is a new north-west district of Rajasthan state in India. It was established on 7 August 2023 after curving it out of Sri Ganganagar District.
Jaitsar is a town in the Anupgarh district district of Rajasthan,
Raghunathpura is a village in Sri Ganganagar district of Rajasthan.It is situated on the right bank of Anupgarh branch that is largest and fastest branch of Indira gandhi Nahar pariyojna (IGNP) This is largest irrigation system of Rajasthan. It is a major village in the district. It is divided into two suburbs, Raghunathpura and Raghunathpura Aabadi. It is an Historical village located some 41 km south- west of Suratgarh and around 103 km off to Sriganganagar. Kalyankot is the nearest railway station of Raghunathpura. It is 28 km off National Highway NH-62 and 399 km from the state capital, Jaipur. Raghunthpura is located on the link road of Sri vijaynagar to Rajiyasar. In Raghunathpura 11 ward zones are situated and ward no. 06 is the oldest area of the village. In Raghunthapura there are so many spiritual places are situated. Old Hanuman ji temple, Thakur ji Maharaj temple, Gusai ji Maharaj temple, Bhabhuta siddh temple, Hariram baba temple and Ramdev baba temple are very famous for pilgrims. Raghunathpura is growing up very rapidly in all sectors.In some previous year so many youths are selected in many Govt services. Like Engineer, RAS, S.O., Principal, headmaster, teacher, PTI, Constable, VDO, Patwari and so many more.
The Suratgarh–Bathinda line or Suratgarh–Shri Ganganagar–Bathinda line is a railway route on the North Western Railway zone and Northern Railway zone of Indian Railways. This route plays an important role in rail transportation of Bikaner division of Rajasthan state and Fazilka district, Sri Muktsar Sahib district and Bathinda district of Punjab.