T series (Toronto subway)

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T series
TTC T-1 at Kipling.jpg
A T-1 subway car at Kipling Station headed to Kennedy Station
TTC Line 2 T series Train interior 2022.jpg
The interior of a T-1 subway car
In service1995–present
Manufacturer Bombardier Transportation
Built at Thunder Bay, Ontario
Replaced M-1, H-1, H-2
Constructed1995–2001 [1]
Number built372
Number in service370 [1]
Number scrapped2
Formation2 car mated pairs, operated as 2- or 3-pair (4- or 6-car) trains
Fleet numbers5000–5371 (re-used from retired TTC vehicles, G-series, M-1, H-1 subway trains) [1]
Capacity66 seated (per car) [1]
Operators Toronto Transit Commission
Depots Greenwood Subway Yard
Lines served TTC - Line 2 - Bloor-Danforth line.svg Bloor–Danforth
Specifications
Car body construction Aluminum
Car length23 m (75 ft 5+1⁄2 in)
Width3.14 m (10 ft 3+5⁄8 in)
Height3.65 m (11 ft 11+3⁄4 in)
Floor height1.1 m (43.3 in)
Doors8 sets (4 sets per side) per car
Maximum speedTrain max: 88 km/h (55 mph)
Service revenue max: 75 km/h (47 mph)
Weight33,095 kg (72,962 lb)
Traction system GTO-VVVF (Adtranz)
Traction motors Adtranz 1507A 104.2 kW (139.7 hp) 3-phase AC synchronous motors
Power output2,500.8 kW (3,353.6 hp)
Acceleration 0.85 m/s2 (2.8 ft/s2)
Deceleration 1.30 m/s2 (4.3 ft/s2) (service)
1.38 m/s2 (4.5 ft/s2) (emergency)
Auxiliaries120/208 V AC battery auxiliary
Electric system(s) 600 V DC third rail
Current collector(s) Contact shoe
Braking system(s) Regenerative and Pneumatic
Track gauge 4 ft 10+7⁄8 in (1,495 mm)

The T series, also known as the T-1, is the fourth series of rapid transit rolling stock used in the subway system of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. They were ordered by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) in 1992 and built in one production set between 1995 and 2001 by Bombardier Transportation in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.

Contents

Currently based entirely out of Greenwood Subway Yard, the T-1s are the older of the two currently active series of rolling stock on the heavy-rail lines in the Toronto subway network. Following the introduction of the newer Toronto Rocket train sets, all T-1 trains now operate exclusively in six-car configurations on Line 2 Bloor–Danforth. They previously operated on Line 1 Yonge–University and in a four-car configuration on Line 4 Sheppard until the retirement of the last remaining H-series trains in 2014 and until the implementation of one-person train operation on the latter in 2016. [2]

Design advances

The T-1 cars entered service between 1995 and 2001 and became the mainstay of the TTC subway fleet. By 1999, they had replaced the older M1s, H1s, H2s and prototype H3s, along with some H4s, many of which had been in revenue service since the 1960s.

The T-1s had many of the same technical specifications of the H series, including the same married pair configuration, and incorporated many of the design elements that had been refined throughout the H-series program. Each model in the H-series production run improved on the last, adding features such as a single-handle controller for acceleration and braking, air conditioning, a change from camshaft to chopper control, and regenerative braking. The T-1 built on those advances (such as changing from a rotary-type to a fore–aft, joystick-type controller) while integrating new computer technology (analogous to the New Technology Train of the New York City Subway), creating a more modern train. The T-series cars were the first TTC cars to use AC propulsion, rather than DC propulsion as used in all previous rolling stock, all of which are now retired.

Other improvements included wider entry and exit doorways, flip-up seats for the installation of wheelchair positions (which are now marked in blue velour to signify priority seating areas instead of the red velour used for other seats), and the removal of vertical stanchions along the car's centre line, making them the TTC's first subway cars to be wheelchair-accessible. [3] The interior colour scheme consists of grey floors and walls and dark red doors and panels, unlike the simulated woodgrain panels used on the predecessor H-series cars.

Lines serviced

Future

The T-1s have a life expectancy that allows them to remain in service until at least 2026; [4] however, at the end of 2019, the TTC proposed an overhaul to extend the T-1 fleet's life by 10 years. [5]

The TTC started implementing mid-life upgrades for the fleet including LED-type interior lighting, along with side LED destination signs and external pre-boarding route and destination announcements. As of 2019, the TTC is in the process of installing CCTV cameras on the remaining T-1 subway fleet.[ citation needed ]

The TTC also considered upgrading the fleet to run on an automatic train control (ATC) system, which it is in the process of installing to replace the current wayside signaling system on Lines 1 and 4 and is expected to install on Line 2 by 2030 in conjunction with the opening of the Scarborough subway extension. [6] However, due to prohibitively expensive costs of such a retrofit, it is unlikely that this will happen in the near future, and the TTC plans to replace all T-1 trains with new ATC-compatible equipment instead. [7]

In October 2022, the TTC had issued a request for proposals for new Line 2 trains similar to the Toronto Rockets, which would have replaced the T-1s. [8] Later in June 2023, due to a lack of funding, the order was cancelled. [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toronto Transit Commission</span> Agency responsible for local public transit in Ontario, Canada

The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) is the public transport agency that operates bus, subway, streetcar, and paratransit services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, some of which run into the Peel Region and York Region. It is the oldest and largest of the urban transit service providers in the Greater Toronto Area, with numerous connections to systems serving its surrounding municipalities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Line 3 Scarborough</span> Defunct light rapid transit line in Toronto, Canada

Line 3 Scarborough, originally known as Scarborough RT (SRT), was a light rapid transit line that was part of the Toronto subway system in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The line ran entirely within the eastern district of Scarborough, encompassing six stations and 6.4 kilometres (4.0 mi) of mostly elevated track. It connected with Line 2 Bloor–Danforth at its southwestern terminus, Kennedy, and terminated in the northeast at McCowan. In 2023, the system had a ridership of 3,908,000, or about 0 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toronto subway</span> Rapid transit system in Ontario, Canada

The Toronto subway is a rapid transit system serving Toronto and the neighbouring city of Vaughan in Ontario, Canada, operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). As of September 2023, the subway system is a rail network consisting of three heavy-capacity rail lines operating predominantly underground. As of December 2022, three new lines are under construction: two light rail lines and one light metro line.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Line 2 Bloor–Danforth</span> Subway line in Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Line 2 Bloor–Danforth is a subway line in the Toronto subway system, operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). It has 31 stations and is 26.2 kilometres (16.3 mi) in length. It opened on February 26, 1966, and extensions at both ends were completed in 1968 and again in 1980.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Line 1 Yonge–University</span> Subway line in Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Line 1 Yonge–University is a rapid transit line on the Toronto subway. It serves Toronto and the neighbouring city of Vaughan in Ontario, Canada. It is operated by the Toronto Transit Commission, has 38 stations and is 38.4 km (23.9 mi) in length, making it the longest line on the subway system. It opened as the "Yonge subway" in 1954 as Canada's first underground passenger rail line and was extended multiple times between 1963 and 2017. Averaging over 670,000 riders per weekday, Line 1 is the busiest rapid transit line in Canada, and one of the busiest lines in North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bloor–Yonge station</span> Toronto subway station

Bloor–Yonge is a subway station on Line 1 Yonge–University and Line 2 Bloor–Danforth in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Located in Downtown Toronto, under the intersection of Yonge Street and Bloor Street, it is the busiest subway station in the system, handling over 200,000 passengers on an average weekday. Wi-Fi is available at this station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bay station</span> Toronto subway station

Bay is a subway station on Line 2 Bloor–Danforth in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in heart of the Yorkville district just north of Bloor Street West on the west side of Bay Street.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of the Toronto Transit Commission</span>

The history of public transportation in Toronto in Canada dates back to the middle 19th century under many different private companies, organizations and owners, which were all later unified as a single government-run entity during the 1920s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greenwood Yard</span>

The Greenwood Yard is a rail yard with support buildings that service subway vehicles on Line 2 Bloor–Danforth of the Toronto subway.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wilson Yard</span>

Wilson Yard is the largest of the Toronto Transit Commission's subway yards and bus garages. The subway yard services subway trains on Line 1 Yonge–University. The facility is located on Transit Road north of Wilson Avenue, in the former city of North York, between Wilson and Sheppard West stations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">504 King</span> Streetcar route in Toronto, Canada

504 King is an east–west Toronto streetcar route in Ontario, Canada. It serves King Street in Downtown Toronto as well as Broadview Avenue on the east end and Roncesvalles Avenue on the west end of the line. The route consists of two overlapping branches: 504A between Line 2 Bloor–Danforth's Dundas West station and Distillery Loop, and 504B between Broadview station – also on Line 2 – and Dufferin Gate Loop. The two branches overlap on King Street between Dufferin and Sumach streets, both passing St. Andrew station and King station on subway Line 1 Yonge–University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">H series (Toronto subway)</span> Toronto subway rapid transit rolling stock

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">506 Carlton</span> Streetcar route in Toronto, Canada

506 Carlton is a Toronto streetcar route run by the Toronto Transit Commission in Ontario, Canada. It runs from Main Street station on subway Line 2 Bloor–Danforth along Gerrard, Carlton and College Streets to High Park. Despite the route's name, less than 10 percent of its length actually uses Carlton Street.

The Relief Line was a proposed rapid transit line for the Toronto subway system, intended to provide capacity relief to the Yonge segment of Line 1 and Bloor–Yonge station and extend subway service coverage in the city's east end. Several plans for an east–west downtown subway line date back to the early 20th century, most of which ran along Queen Street.

Accessibility for people with disabilities on the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) system is incomplete but improving. Most of the Toronto subway system was built before wheelchair access was a requirement under the Ontarians with Disabilities Act (ODA). However, all subway stations built since 1996 are equipped with elevators, and elevators have been installed in 44 stations built before 1996. Over 75 percent of Toronto's subway stations are accessible. The original plan was to make all stations accessible by 2025; however, a few stations might not be accessible until 2026.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toronto subway rolling stock</span> Listing of Toronto subway systems rolling stock

The Toronto subway system's rolling stock consists of 880 subway cars for Line 1 Yonge–University, Line 2 Bloor–Danforth, and Line 4 Sheppard. The rolling stock is owned and maintained by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toronto Rocket</span> Rolling stock of the Toronto subway system

The Toronto Rocket (TR) is the fifth and latest series of rolling stock used in the Toronto subway system in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Owned and operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC), the trains were built by Bombardier Transportation in Thunder Bay, Ontario, to replace the last remaining H-series trains, as well as increase capacity for the Spadina subway extension to Vaughan that opened in 2017. They operate in a six-car configuration on Line 1 Yonge–University and a four-car configuration on Line 4 Sheppard. The sets are stored and maintained at the Wilson and Davisville Yards. The first six-car TR train entered passenger service on Line 1 in July 2011, and four-car TR trainsets entered service on Line 4 in May 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toronto streetcar system rolling stock</span>

In 1921, the Toronto Transportation Commission (TTC) was created to integrate and operate the Toronto streetcar system. It inherited the infrastructure of two separate streetcar operators: the Toronto Railway Company (TRC) and Toronto Civic Railways (TCR). The TTC immediately embarked on a program to connect the TRC and TCR lines into one network. The TTC had to rebuild most of the track to provide a wider devilstrip so that the wider Peter Witt streetcars it was ordering could pass without sideswiping. Between 1938 and 1945, it placed five orders for air-electric PCC streetcars to replace the old, wooden streetcars of the TRC, and to address rising ridership. Between 1947 and 1951, the TTC placed three orders for all-electric PCC cars, with one order equipped with couplers for multiple-unit operation. Between 1950 and 1957, the TTC purchased PCCs from four American cities. By 1957, the TTC had more PCCs than any other city in North America. After the opening of the Bloor–Danforth subway in 1966, the TTC considered terminating all streetcar service in Toronto. However, in 1972, a citizens group led by Jane Jacobs and Steve Munro called "Streetcars for Toronto" persuaded the City to retain streetcar operation. This led to the development of the Canadian Light Rail Vehicle (CLRV) and its longer, articulated cousin, the Articulated Light Rail Vehicle (ALRV), to replace the aging PCC fleet. The Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, 2005 (AODA) mandated that the next generation of streetcars be wheelchair-accessible. Thus, to replace the CLRVs and ALRVs, Bombardier adapted its low-floor Flexity Outlook model for the TTC to navigate the Toronto streetcar system's tight curves and single-point switches, characteristics set in 1921 to accommodate Peter Witt streetcars, as well as for the broad gauge.

The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) maintains three rapid transit lines and 75 stations on 76.9 km (47.8 mi) of route.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Keele Yard</span>

Keele Yard is a rail yard on the Toronto Transit Commission's (TTC's) Line 2 Bloor–Danforth of the Toronto subway system. Keele Yard is located between Dundas West and Keele stations.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Toronto Transit Commission (September 21, 2015). "TTC Service Summary" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 2, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2015.
  2. ↑ "Procurement Authorization – Procurement Authorization Change Directive to the Toronto Rocket (TR) Supplier for the Design Provisions for Train Door Monitoring (TDM) System" (PDF). Toronto Transit Commission. March 26, 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 15, 2015. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
  3. ↑ "Accessible Vehicles". Archived from the original on August 14, 2010. Retrieved December 13, 2009.
  4. ↑ "Procurement Authorization Amendment To Modify Four Toronto Rocket Train Sets for Service on Line 4 (Purchase Order No. C31PD05761)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 4, 2016. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
  5. ↑ "TTC 15-Year Capital Investment Plan & 2020 – 2029 Capital Budget & Plan" (PDF). Toronto Transit Commission. December 16, 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 23, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
  6. ↑ Munro, Steve (May 18, 2010). "More Toronto Rockets for the TTC". Archived from the original on March 4, 2015. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  7. ↑ Munro, Steve (October 4, 2016). "TTC Capital Program Review". Archived from the original on November 24, 2016. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
  8. ↑ Steve (October 20, 2022). "TTC Issues RFP For New Subway Trains". Steve Munro. Retrieved November 6, 2023.
  9. ↑ Steve (June 26, 2023). "TTC Cancels RFP For New Subway Trains (Updated)". Steve Munro. Retrieved November 6, 2023.
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