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The Telengit language can be divided into two main dialects, the Telengit-Teles and Chui dialects.
Linguistic characteristics
The Telengit language differs from the literary form of the Altai language in phonetics and morphology.
Instead of the initial [ш], [ч] is used. For example, Telengit "чирдек", Altay: ширдек, English: felt carpet. Also, in the roots of words, [ш] is used instead of [ч] (Telengit "тепчи", Altay: тепши, English: bowl)
Alphabet
An alphabet for the Ulagan dialect was proposed in 2016.[1]
[Baskakov 1965-1966] (ru) Н.A. Баскаков (2 volumes), « Диалект чернёвых татар (туба-кижи) », dans Северные диалекты алтаиского (ойротского) языка, Moscou, Nauka, 1965–1966
Алмадакова, Н. Д. (2016). Язык теленгитов: очерки по фонетике и морфологии в сопоставительном аспекте (in Russian). Горно-Алтайск. Almadakova2016.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
[Almadakova 2017b] (ru) Н. Д. Алмадакова, « Фонетический строй диалектов алтайского языка и вопросы алфавита литературного алтайского языка », dans Актуальные вопросы современной филологии: теоретические проблемы и прикладные аспекты: Материалы международной научно-практической конференции. ІХ Багизбаевские чтения. ‒ Алматы, 28 апреля 2017, Алматы, Қазақ университеті, 2017 (ISBN 978-601-04-2350-3, lire en ligne), p. 37-40
Kalmyk Oirat, commonly known as the Kalmyk language, is a variety of the Oirat language, natively spoken by the Kalmyk people of Kalmykia, a federal subject of Russia. In Russia, it is the standard form of the Oirat language, which belongs to the Mongolic language family. The Kalmyk people of the Northwest Caspian Sea of Russia claim descent from the Oirats from Eurasia, who have also historically settled in Mongolia and Northwest China. According to UNESCO, the language is "Definitely endangered". According to the Russian census of 2021, there are 110,000 speakers of an ethnic population consisting of 178,000 people.
Altai is a set of Turkic languages spoken officially in the Altai Republic, Russia. The standard vocabulary is based on the Southern Altai language, though it's also taught to and used by speakers of the Northern Altai language as well. Gorno–Altai refers to a subgroup of languages in the Altai Mountains. The languages were called Oyrot (ойрот) prior to 1948.
Teleuts are a Turkic Indigenous people of Siberia living in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. According to the 2010 census, there were 2,643 Teleuts in Russia. They speak the Teleut language/dialect of Southern Altai language.
Telengits or Telengut are a Turkic ethnic group primarily found in the Altai Republic, Russia. Telengits mainly live in a territory of Kosh-Agach District of the Altai Republic. They are part of a larger cultural group of Southern Altaians which include Altai-Kizhi and Tolos.
Shor is a critically endangered Turkic language spoken by about 2,800 people in a region called Mountain Shoriya, in Kemerovo Oblast in Southwest Siberia, although the entire Shor population in this area is over 12,000 people. Presently, not all ethnic Shors speak Shor and the language suffered a decline from the late 1930s to the early 1980s. During this period the Shor language was neither written nor taught in schools. However, since the 1980s and 1990s there has been a Shor language revival. The language is now taught at the Novokuznetsk branch of the Kemerovo State University.
There are 4 stages in the history of Yakut writing systems:
Northern Altai or Northern Altay is the several tribal moribund Turkic dialects spoken in the Altai Republic of Russia. Though traditionally considered one language, Southern Altai and the Northern varieties are not fully mutually intelligible. Written Altai is based on Southern Altai, and is rejected by Northern Altai children.
Southern Altai is a Turkic language spoken in the Altai Republic, a federal subject of Russia located in Southern Siberia on the border with Mongolia and China. The language has some mutual intelligibility with the Northern Altai language, leading to the two being traditionally considered as a single language. According to modern classifications—at least since the middle of the 20th century—they are considered to be two separate languages.
Siberian Tatar (Сыбырца) is a Turkic language spoken in Western Siberia, Russia, primarily in the oblasts of Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Omsk but also in Tomsk and Kemerovo. According to Marcel Erdal, due to its particular characteristics, Siberian Tatar can be considered as a bridge to Siberian Turkic languages.
The Kumandin language is a Turkic language spoken in the Altai Republic in Russia.The Kumandins name themselves "Kumandi-Kiji".
The Dolgan language is a critically endangered Turkic language with 930 speakers, spoken in the Taymyr Peninsula in Russia. The speakers are known as the Dolgans. The word "Dolgan" means 'tribe living on the middle reaches of the river'. This is most likely signifying the geographical location of the Dolgan tribe. Its closest relative is Sakha.
The Yerevan dialect or Īravān dialect is one of the dialects of the Azerbaijani language, spoken near Yerevan.
The Komi language, a Uralic language spoken in the north-eastern part of European Russia, has been written in several different alphabets. Currently, Komi writing uses letters from the Cyrillic script. There have been five distinct stages in the history of Komi writing:
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Since its inception in the 18th century and up to the present, it is based on the Cyrillic alphabet to write the Udmurt language. Attempts were also made to use the Latin alphabet to write the Udmurt language. In its modern form, the Udmurt alphabet was approved in 1937.
Khakass alphabets are the alphabets used to write the Khakas language.
Even alphabets are the alphabets used to write the Even language. During its existence, it functioned on different graphic bases and was repeatedly reformed. At present, Even writing functions in Cyrillic. There are three stages in the history of Even writing:
Siberian dialects are a group of Northern Russian dialects under the serious lexical influence of the Southern Russian dialects and foreign inclusions. It is spoken by Siberian old-timers: Siberiaks, Chaldons, Kerzhaks, Cossacks, Old Believers, Pokhodchans (Kolymchans), Russian Ustians (Indigirshchiks), and Markovites (Anadyrshchiks).
Udege alphabets are the alphabets used to write the Udege language. During its existence, it functioned on different graphic bases and was repeatedly reformed. Currently, the Udege script functions on two versions of the Cyrillic alphabet for two emerging literary languages, but does not have a generally accepted norm. There are 2 stages in the history of Udege writing:
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