Tirukkural translations into Bengali

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As of 2015, there were at least four translations of the Tirukkural available in Bengali.

Contents

History of translations

The first Bengali translation was made in prose by Nalini Mohan Sanyal in 1939. [1] It was published by Bangiya Sahitya Parishad, with a foreword by the eminent Bengali Scholar Suniti Kumar Chatterjee. However, the work is presently out of print, with the only copy available at the National Library in Kolkata. [2] The second translation was by E. C. Sastri in 1974. [1] The third translation appeared in 1993 by N. Ramanuja Das, [1] which was published in Khardah in West Bengal. [3] : 36  The second and third translations too were made in prose. There appears to be another translation by T. N. Senapathy, the details of which are not known. [3] : 37  The first verse translation was made by Subramaniyan Krishnamoorthy, which was published in New Delhi by Sahitya Akademi. [3] : 34  Krishnamoorthy has also translated Cilappadikaaram into English published by M. P. Birla Foundation, Kolkata. [1]

Published translations

See also

Related Research Articles

Tirukkural, also known as the Kural, an ancient Indian treatise on the ethics and morality of the commoner, is one of the most widely translated non-religious works in the world. Authored by the ancient Tamil poet-philosopher Thiruvalluvar, the work has been translated into 57 languages, with a total of 350 individual translations, including 143 different renderings in the English language alone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tirukkural translations into English</span>

Tirukkural remains one of the most widely translated non-religious works in the world. As of 2014, there were at least 57 versions available in the English language alone. English, thus, continues to remain the language with most number of translations available of the Kural text.

<i>Tirukkuṟaḷ</i> translations into Latin

Latin is the first foreign language into which the Tirukkuṟaḷ was translated. There are three known translations of the Kural text available in Latin.

Hindi perhaps has many translations of the Tirukkural. As of 2000, there were at least 19 translations of the Kural text available in Hindi. Many of these translations are in verse form.

Kannada has at least eight translations of the Tirukkural available as of 2014. Both prose and verse translations have been made in Kannada.

As of 2015, there are at least two translations of the Tirukkural available in the Polish language.

French has the second maximum number of translations of the Tirukkural among European languages, next only to English. As of 2015, there were at least 18 translations of the Kural text available in French.

As of 2024, there were at least five translations of the Tirukkural available in Arabic. The Kural text is the first, and so far the only, Tamil work to be translated directly into Arabic. It is also the first Tamil work to be released in the Arabian soil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tirukkural translations into German</span>

Among the European languages, German has the third highest number of translations of the Tirukkural, after English and French. As of 2015, there were at least eight translations of the Kural text available in German.

As of 2015, the Chinese language had two translations available of the Tirukkural.

Malayalam has seen the most number of Tirukkural translations than that of any other language in India. As of 2007, there are at least 21 translations of the Kural text available in Malayalam. Malayalam also has the distinction of producing the first ever translation of the Kural text among the languages in India and the world at large. The Annual Report of the Cochin Archeological Department for the year 1933–34 reported an unpublished manuscript of a Malayalam translation of the Tirukkural made in 1595.

As of 2015, there were at least three Gujarati translations available of the Tirukkural.

As of 2015, there were at least five Sanskrit translations available of the Tirukkural 724 into sanskrit

By 2017, there were at least six translations of the Tirukkural in Odia, all published after the 1970s.

As of 2015, Tirukkural has been translated into Sinhalese at least twice.

As of 2015, Urdu has at least two translations available of the Tirukkural.

As of 2015, Tirukkural has been translated into Czech only once.

As of 2015, Tirukkural has been translated into Dutch only once.

As of 2015, there is only one translation of the Tirukkural available in Swedish.

As of 2023, Konkani has three translations available of the Tirukkural.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Polilan; K. Gunathogai; Lena Kumar; Tagadur Sampath; Mutthamizh; G. Picchai Vallinayagam; D. Anbunidhi; K. V. Neduncheraladhan, eds. (2019). Tiruvalluvar 2050 (in Tamil) (1 ed.). Chennai: Periyar Enthusiasts Group. p. 682.
  2. ↑ Sanjeevi (Ed.), N. (1973). First All India Tirukkural Seminar Papers (2 ed.). Chennai: University of Madras. pp. 5–9.
  3. 1 2 3 Parthasarathy, Sa.; Ashraf, N.V.K.; Rajendiran, C.; Thangavelu, Elangovan; Duraisamy, Senthilselvan; Selvan, Ajey Kumar (2023). Thirukkural Translations in World Languages. Chennai: ValaiTamil Publications.

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