"Why" is the debut solo single from Scottish singer-songwriter Annie Lennox, released on 16 March 1992 as the lead single from her debut solo album Diva (1992). Written by Lennox and produced by Stephen Lipson, it has since become considered as a signature song for Lennox, and has been credited for its emotional songwriting technique.[3]
Despite being considered a "risky choice" to launch her solo career, the song achieved considerable commercial success in international territories, including in the United Kingdom where it peaked at number five on the singles charts, and in the United States where it reached number thirty-four on the Billboard Hot 100, and reached number six on the Adult Contemporary chart.[4] Additionally, "Why" reached number one on the singles charts in Italy following its release.[5] Its accompanying music video was directed by Sophie Muller.
"Why" was Lennox's first solo release since the split of Eurythmics. She had collaborated with musician Al Green in 1988 on the single "Put a Little Love in Your Heart" which achieved commercial success, and later included on the soundtrack for the movie Scrooged (1988). The song was noted for its "contemplative string-like synth and piano intro" which was credited as creating the "lush three-part vocal harmony singing the song's title, evoking a heavenly gospel choir and essentially serving as the song's chorus".[8] In an interview with the BBC, Lennox described the song as "a deep dialogue with myself in a funny way", and claimed the song was written "about communication, or lack of communication".[3]
The composition of "Why" moves from a style of "questioning and personal doubts", to creating a sense of a "fierce and emotional call to arms".[3] Lennox described the songwriting technique as being “a denouncement of things that have been applied to me that I feel are not me.”[3] The song was described by Classic Pop magazine as Lennox's attempt to challenge the different preconceptions that exists about her character, both on and off stage.[3] The song has been credited as establishing Lennox's solo career in the early 1990s, and as a "timeless star for any era".[3] Despite being viewed as a relatively risky choice as the lead single to launch her solo career due to its low beat and sensitive nature, it has since become a "totem" for Lennox and something which she claimed to deliberate in order to launch her solo career in a manner which left her "extremely exposed".[3] In 2022, The Guardian ranked "Why" as the thirteenth best Annie Lennox song.[9]
Composition
Speaking to the BBC in 1992, Lennox described "Why" as being "a deep dialogue with myself", stating that the song was inspired by ones lack of communication.[10] At the end of the song, Lennox describes the ending as "a big rant", stating that she wrote that part of the song to affirm to others that she is not what she had often been portrayed by others to be.[10] She described her writing technique for the ending of the song as a "denouncement of things that had been applied" to her up until that point in her career, further adding that she "reserves the right" to not let people know exactly who she is as a person.[10] Lennox stated in the same interview that she wished for her creativity to be true during the writing of the album, stating, "if you are going to be creative you better be off the wall rather than sitting in the middle of it all feeling comfortable".[10]
Release and performance
"Why" was released as the lead single from her debut solo album Diva (1992), and achieved considerable commercial success internationally. It was released on 16 March 1992, and was recorded at both Mayfair Studios and The Church Studios in London. It was released as her first single since the split of Eurythmics, and became the first of four top ten solo singles for Lennox in the United Kingdom.[11] Upon release, "Why" was the most played track across European radio networks.[12]
"Why" was successful on the charts in several countries, peaking at number one in Italy.[5] In Europe, it reached the top 10 in Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, as well as on the Eurochart Hot 100, where it peaked at number three. In the UK, the single reached number five in its third week at the UK Singles Chart, on 5 April 1992. Additionally, it was a top-20 hit in Austria, Germany and Spain. Outside Europe, "Why" reached number seven on the RPM 100 Hit Tracks chart in Canada,[13] number 15 in New Zealand, number 17 in Australia, and number 34 on the US BillboardHot 100. On the BillboardAdult Contemporary, it peaked at number six.[4]
Jennifer Bowles from Associated Press described the song as an "emotional" and "hypnotizing ballad".[17]Larry Flick from Billboard called it a "soft-yet-vivid ballad that beautifully showcases the rich and distinctive tone of her voice". He noted the "sophisticated nature of track [that] will strain at (and should ultimately knock down) the tight boundaries of top 40 radio."[18] Clark and DeVancy from Cashbox viewed it as a "soulful ballad", that "is stirring attention, which is, of course, Annie's forte."[19] Keith Wallace from Columbia Daily Spectator said that "Why" "wants to be a soulful ballad, but it's so drippy and goofy that it doesn't come anywhere close."[20] Stephanie Zacharek from Entertainment Weekly noted how "languorously [Lennox] stretches that word across several measures as if she were unfurling a length of satin."[21] Dave Sholin from the Gavin Report stated that the "haunting" song is "a testament to her singing and writing prowess."[22] Another editor, Kent Zimmerman, called it "spiritually ultrasonic, breathtakingly sophisticated, lyrically telling and congruently adult in texture and tempo."[23]
A reviewer from Music & Media commented that the singer "confidently goes AC on her first solo effort" and it is "gently moving and highly polished. She could hardly move farther away from the stirring rock of Eurythmics."[24] Nick Griffiths from Select said that it is "the sort of tasteful soulful ballady thing you 'd probably expect of her by now, and when the tide of tasteful soulful balladiness swamps her halfway through it's no surprise either."[25]Slant Magazines Eric Henderson wrote that "Why" is "hardly the sort of melodramatic setting we'd imagine from an album whose very name evokes histrionic pretense. But Annie Lennox isn't and has never been a representative pop diva. Her body is lanky and angular instead of curvaceously plush. Her exaggerated facial features (capped off with a most spectacular set of cheekbones that she wisely never allowed her hair to grow long enough to cover) are matched in androgen-fabulousness only by her tremulously guttural alto."[26] Harry Dean from Smash Hits complimented the song as a "glistening beauty".
Retrospective response
In a 2009 retrospective review, Mike Ragogna from HuffPost wrote that Lennox' vocal approach "evokes" Sting and Paul Simon and added "she declares, "This is the book I never read, these are the words I never said, this is the path I'll never tread", then went on to say, "These are the dreams I'll dream instead", making this her sideways stab at creating her own "My Way" (as the artist points out in the notes [of her 2009 collection])."[27]
Stereogum ranked "Why" number one in their list of the 10 best Annie Lennox songs in 2015.[28] They wrote, "And while the album maybe didn't live up to those hopes, Diva's first single remains an enduring classic. A bold enough move to have your first single be a torch ballad of regret, but this one is a weeper for the ages. It's a musical version of the Kübler-Ross model with Lennox hitting the grief stage as she welcomes her ex-lover "down to the water's edge" to "cast away those doubts", spilling out "the contents of her head" during the depression stage, and then crumpling to the floor repeating the phrase, "You don't know how I feel" as acceptance sets in. This was the song that you put on repeat to cope with that awful breakup because in every syllable she sings, you can hear that Lennox has been there too and feels just as bad as you do."[29]
Lennox in her "Diva" atire in the music video
Music video
The accompanying music video for the song was directed by British director Sophie Muller and was filmed in Venice, Italy[30] during the shoot for the Diva album cover. The video shows Lennox sitting in front of a vanity mirror staring and marveling at herself before slowly applying makeup. By the middle of the video, Lennox is fully made up and in the outfit she wears on the Diva album cover. The rest of the video consists of Lennox posing for the cameras alternating with shots of her singing the song.
The music video for "Why" was credited for its portrayal of vulnerability. Sleek Magazine commented that the video showcases "that a fully-fledged showgirl costume with stage makeup can be just as vulnerable as being bare-faced in an old track suit".[31] They ranked the music video for "Why" as the fifth best music video by Annie Lennox of all time.[31] The video won the MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards.[32][33] It was later published on YouTube in October 2009 and by May 2023, the video had received more than 74.8 million views.[34]
In 2005 Spanish producer DJ Sammy covered "Why" with vocals from German singer Britta Medeiros. "Why" is the second single from the album The Rise. The music video features DJ Sammy in a room with a mixboard that he uses to create three holographic women that sing the song.
↑ "New Releases: Singles"(PDF). Music Week. 14 March 1992. p.21. Retrieved 19 June 2021.Misprinted as 15 March; the album releases section (p. 12) uses the correct date.
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