(7482) 1994 PC1

Last updated

(7482) 1994 PC1
1994-PC1-orbit.png
Orbit with positions Jan 2020
Discovery [1]
Discovered by R. H. McNaught
Discovery site Siding Spring Obs.
Discovery date9 August 1994
Designations
(7482) 1994 PC1
1994 PC1
Apollo  · NEO  · PHA [1] [2]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 2022-Jan-21 (JD 2459600.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 47.23 yr (17,251 days)
Earliest precovery date22 September 1974
Aphelion 1.7935 AU
Perihelion 0.9042 AU
1.3488 AU
Eccentricity 0.3297
1.56 yr (572 days)
337.27°
0° 37m 51.6s / day
Inclination 33.479°
117.88°
47.477°
Earth  MOID 0.00054 AU (0.21 LD)
Mars  MOID 0.139 AU (20.8 million km) [2]
Physical characteristics
1.052±0.303 km [3]
1.30 km (calculated) [4]
2.5999 h [5]
0.277±0.185 [3]
0.20 (assumed) [4]
SMASS = S [1] [4]
16.6 [1] [4]  ·16.80±0.3 [3]

    (7482) 1994 PC1 is a stony asteroid and near-Earth object, currently estimated to be the most potentially hazardous asteroid over the next 1000 years. [6] [7] It is in the Apollo group, approximately 1.1 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 9 August 1994, by astronomer Robert McNaught at the Siding Spring Observatory in Coonabarabran, Australia. [2] With an observation arc of 47 years it has a very well known orbit and was observed by Goldstone radar in January 1997. [8]

    Contents

    Of all the known asteroids larger than 1 km, 1994 PC1 has the largest probability of a “deep close encounter” with us over the next 1000 years. It has a close encounter with Earth in 2525, after which the uncertainty of its orbit increases. [6]

    Orbit and classification

    1994 PC1 orbits the Sun at a distance of 0.9–1.8  AU once every 1 years and 7 months (572 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.33 and an inclination of 33° with respect to the ecliptic. [1]

    On 17 January 1933, it passed 811,350 km (504,150 mi) from the Moon and then about an hour later made its closest known approach to Earth of 1,125,400 km (699,300 mi). [1] On 18 January 2022, it passed about 1,981,468 km (1,231,227 mi) from Earth. [1]

    Close approaches [1]
    Date JPL SBDB
    nominal geocentric
    distance    		uncertainty
    region
    (3-sigma)
    1933-01-171125383 km± 65 km [lower-alpha 1]
    2022-01-181981468 km± 47 km [9]
    2105-01-182328125 km± 1069 km [10]

    Physical characteristics

    In the SMASS classification, 1994 PC1 is a common stony S-type asteroid. [1] [4]

    Rotation period

    In 1998, a rotational lightcurve of 1994 PC1 was obtained from photometric observations by Petr Pravec. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 2.5999 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.29 magnitude ( U=3 ). [5]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, 1994 PC1 measures 1.052 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.277. [3] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 1.30 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 16.8. [4]

    2022 flyby

    At 18 January 2022 21:51 UTC, 1994 PC1 passed 5.15 lunar distances from Earth [1] and had a 3-sigma uncertainty region of less than ± 50 km. [9] It peaked at an apparent magnitude of about 10 [11] placing it just outside the reach of common 7×50 binoculars. The nearly Full moon being about 100 degrees from the asteroid during closest approach may have made it more difficult to observe with smaller telescopes.

    2022 Moon/Earth approach
    Date & TimeApproach
    to    		 Nominal distance
    2022-01-18 18:58Moon2085780 km [12]
    2022-01-18 21:51Earth1981468 km [1]
    Animation of 1994 PC1 - 2022 close approach .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} Sun * Earth * 1994 PC1 Animation of 1994 PC1 around Sun - 2022 close approach.gif
    Animation of 1994 PC1 - 2022 close approach
      Sun ·  Earth ·  1994 PC1
    Sky trajectory with daily motion
    1994 PC1 skypath 2022.png
    History of close approaches of large near-Earth objects since 1908 (A)
    PHA DateApproach distance (lunar dist.) Abs.
    mag
    ( H )    		Diameter (C)
    (m)    		Ref (D)
    Nomi-
    nal(B)    		Mini-
    mum    		Maxi-
    mum
    (33342) 1998 WT24 1908-12-163.5423.5373.54717.9556–1795 data
    (458732) 2011 MD5 1918-09-170.9110.9090.91317.9556–1795 data
    (7482) 1994 PC1 1933-01-172.9272.9272.92816.8749–1357 data
    69230 Hermes 1937-10-301.9261.9261.92717.5668–2158 data
    69230 Hermes1942-04-261.6511.6511.65117.5668–2158 data
    (137108) 1999 AN10 1946-08-072.4322.4292.43517.9556–1795 data
    (33342) 1998 WT24 1956-12-163.5233.5233.52317.9556–1795 data
    (163243) 2002 FB3 1961-04-124.9034.9004.90616.41669–1695 data
    (192642) 1999 RD32 1969-08-273.6273.6253.63016.31161–3750 data
    (143651) 2003 QO104 1981-05-182.7612.7602.76116.01333–4306 data
    2017 CH1 1992-06-054.6913.3916.03717.9556–1795 data
    (170086) 2002 XR14 1995-06-244.2594.2594.26018.0531–1714 data
    (33342) 1998 WT24 2001-12-164.8594.8594.85917.9556–1795 data
    4179 Toutatis 2004-09-294.0314.0314.03115.32440–2450 data
    2014 JO25 2017-04-194.5734.5734.57317.8582–1879 data
    (137108) 1999 AN10 2027-08-071.0141.0101.01917.9556–1795 data
    (35396) 1997 XF11 2028-10-262.4172.4172.41816.9881–2845 data
    (154276) 2002 SY50 2071-10-303.4153.4123.41817.6714–1406 data
    (164121) 2003 YT1 2073-04-294.4094.4094.40916.21167–2267 data
    (385343) 2002 LV 2076-08-044.1844.1834.18516.61011–3266 data
    (52768) 1998 OR2 2079-04-164.6114.6114.61215.81462–4721 data
    (33342) 1998 WT24 2099-12-184.9194.9194.91917.9556–1795 data
    (85182) 1991 AQ 2130-01-274.1404.1394.14117.11100 data
    314082 Dryope 2186-07-163.7092.9964.78617.5668–2158 data
    (137126) 1999 CF9 2192-08-214.9704.9674.97318.0531–1714 data
    (290772) 2005 VC 2198-05-051.9511.7912.13417.6638–2061 data
    (A) List includes near-Earth approaches of less than 5 lunar distances (LD) of objects with H brighter than 18.
    (B) Nominal geocentric distance from the Earth's center to the object's center (Earth radius≈0.017 LD).
    (C) Diameter: estimated, theoretical mean-diameter based on H and albedo range between X and Y.
    (D) Reference: data source from the JPL SBDB, with AU converted into LD (1 AU≈390 LD)
    (E) Color codes:   unobserved at close approach  observed during close approach  upcoming approaches

    Naming

    As of 2022, this minor planet has not been named. [2]

    See also

    Notes

    1. ↑ The 1933 approach is better constrained than the 2105 approach as a result of the 1974, 1977, 1980 precovery images of the asteroid. [lower-alpha 2]

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    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 7482 (1994 PC1)" (Under "Distance Units" select km for more sig figs). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
    2. 1 2 3 4 "7482 (1994 PC1)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
    3. 1 2 3 4 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; McMillan, R. S.; et al. (November 2012). "Physical Parameters of Asteroids Estimated from the WISE 3-Band Data and NEOWISE Post-Cryogenic Survey". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 760 (1): 6. arXiv: 1210.0502 . Bibcode:2012ApJ...760L..12M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/760/1/L12. S2CID   41459166.
    4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "LCDB Data for (7482)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 2 November 2017.
    5. 1 2 Pravec, Petr; Wolf, Marek; Sarounová, Lenka (November 1998). "Lightcurves of 26 Near-Earth Asteroids". Icarus. 136 (1): 124–153. Bibcode:1998Icar..136..124P. doi:10.1006/icar.1998.5993.
    6. 1 2 Carter, Jamie (29 May 2023). "We Are (Probably) Safe From Asteroids For 1,000 Years, Say Scientists". Forbes. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
    7. ↑ Fuentes-Muñoz, Oscar; Scheeres, Daniel J.; Farnocchia, Davide; Park, Ryan S. (12 June 2023). "The Hazardous km-sized NEOs of the Next Thousands of Years". The Astronomical Journal. 166 (1): 10. arXiv: 2305.04896 . Bibcode:2023AJ....166...10F. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/acd378 . ISSN   1538-3881.
    8. ↑ "Asteroid Radar History". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
    9. 1 2 "Horizons Batch for 2022-Jan-18 21:51 UT". JPL Horizons. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
    10. ↑ "Horizons Batch for 2105-Jan-18 12:28 UT". JPL Horizons. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
    11. ↑ "Earth Approach Jan 2022". JPL Horizons . Retrieved 5 January 2022.
    12. ↑ "Moon Horizons Batch for 2022-Jan-18 18:58 UT". JPL Horizons. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
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