2009 Indian general election in Maharashtra

Last updated

Indian general election in Maharashtra, 2009
Flag of India.svg
  2004
16 April 23 April, 30 April
2014  

48 seats
Turnout50.73%
 First partySecond partyThird party
 
Sushilkumar Shinde.JPG
Anant Geete in April 2017.jpg
Gopinath Ji Munde.jpg
Leader Sushilkumar Shinde Anant Geete Gopinath Munde
Party INC SS BJP
Alliance UPA NDA NDA
Last election131213
Seats won17119
Seat changeIncrease2.svg 4Decrease2.svg 1Decrease2.svg 4
Percentage19.61%17%18.17%

 Fourth partyFifth partySixth party
 
Sharad Pawar, Minister of AgricultureCrop.jpg
SWP
BVA
Leader Sharad Pawar Raju Shetti Baliram Sukur Jadhav
Party NCP SWP BVA
Alliance UPA UPA UPA
Last election900
Seats won811
Seat changeDecrease2.svg 1Increase2.svg 1Increase2.svg 1
Percentage19.28%1.3%0.60%

2009 Indian General Election in Maharashtra Result.png
Maharashtra 2009 Lok Sabha Results

2009 Indian general election Result in Maharashtra (Alliance wise structure) Sabha 2009.svg
Alliance wise structure

Prime Minister before election

Manmohan Singh
INC

Prime Minister after election

Manmohan Singh
INC

The Indian general election, 2009 in Maharashtra were held for 48 seats with the state going to polls in the first three phases of the general elections. The major contenders in the state were the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) and National Democratic Alliance (NDA). UPA consisted of the Indian National Congress and the Nationalist Congress Party whereas the NDA consisted of the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Shiv Sena. The Shiv Sena contested on 22 seats in the state and the BJP over 25 seats . Similarly, the NCP contested on 21 seats and the Indian National Congress contested on 25 seats . Other parties in the fray included the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS), Bahujan Samaj Party which fielded candidates on 47 seats, and the Fourth Front. The MNS which was contesting its first general elections fielded candidates on 11 seats in the state. [1]

Contents

Parties and alliances

   National Democratic Alliance

PartyFlagSymbolLeaderSeats contested
Bharatiya Janata Party BJP flag.svg Lotos flower symbol.svg Gopinath Munde 25
Shiv Sena Shiv Sena flag.jpg Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.svg Anant Geete 22
Independent Blank.svg Blank.svg Ajitrao Shankarrao Ghorpade1
Total48

   United Progressive Alliance

PartyFlagSymbolLeaderSeats contested
Indian National Congress Indian National Congress Flag.svg Hand INC.svg Sushilkumar Shinde 25
Nationalist Congress Party Flag of Nationalist Congress Party.svg Nationalist Congress Party Election Symbol.png Sharad Pawar 21
Republican Party of India (Athawale) Flag of various Republican Parties of India.svg Ramdas Athawale 1
Republican Party of India Flag of various Republican Parties of India.svg Gawai Rajendra Ramkrushna1
Total48

List of Candidates

Constituency
UPA NDA
1 Nandurbar (ST) INC Manikrao Hodlya Gavit BJP Suhas Natawadkar
2 Dhule INC Amarishbhai Rasiklal Patel BJP Pratap Narayanrao Sonawane
3 Jalgaon NCP Vasantrao More BJP A. T. Patil
4 Raver NCP Bhaiyyasaheb Ravindra Patil BJP Haribhau Madhav Jawale
5 Buldhana NCP Rajendra Shingne SS Prataprao Ganpatrao Jadhav
6 Akola INC Babasaheb Dhabekar BJP Sanjay Shamrao Dhotre
7 Amravati (SC) RPI(G) Rajendra Gavai SS Anandrao Vithoba Adsul
8 Wardha INC Datta Meghe BJP Suresh Waghmare
9 Ramtek (SC) INC Mukul Balkrishna Wasnik SS Krupal Tumane
10 Nagpur INC Vilasrao Baburaoji Muttemwar BJP Banwarilal Purohit
11 Bhandara-Gondiya NCP Praful Manoharbhai Patel BJP Shishupal Natthu Patle
12 Gadchiroli-Chimur (ST) INC Marotrao Sainuji Kowase BJP Ashok Nete
13 Chandrapur INC Naresh Kumar Puglia BJP Hansraj Gangaram Ahir
14 Yavatmal-Washim INC Harising Nasaru Rathod SS Bhavana Pundlikrao Gawali
15 Hingoli NCP Suryakanta Patil SS Subhash Bapurao Wankhede
16 Nanded INC Bhaskarrao Bapurao Khatgaonkar Patil BJP Sambhaji Pawar
17 Parbhani NCP Suresh Warpudkar SS Ganeshrao Nagorao Dudhgaonkar
18 Jalna INC Kalyan Vaijinath Kale BJP Raosaheb Dadarao Danve
19 Aurangabad INC Uttamsingh Pawar SS Chandrakant Khaire
20 Dindori (ST) NCP Narhari Sitaram Zirwal BJP Harishchandra Chavan
21 Nashik NCP Sameer Bhujbal SS Datta Gaikwad
22 Palghar (ST) INC Damodar Shingada BJP Chintaman Vanaga
23 Bhiwandi INC Suresh Kashinath Taware BJP Jagannath Patil
24 Kalyan NCP Vasant Davkhare SS Anand Prakash Paranjape
25 Thane NCP Sanjeev Ganesh Naik BJP Vijay Laxman Chaugule
26 Mumbai North INC Sanjay Brijkishorlal Nirupam BJP Ram Naik
27 Mumbai North West INC Gurudas Kamat SS Gajanan Kirtikar
28 Mumbai North East NCP Sanjay Dina Patil BJP Kirit Somaiya
29 Mumbai North Central INC Priya Sunil Dutt BJP Mahesh Jethmalani
30 Mumbai South Central INC Eknath Gaikwad SS Suresh Anant Gambhir
31 Mumbai South INC Milind Murli Deora SS Mohan Rawale
32 Raigad INC A. R. Antulay SS Anant Geete
33 Maval NCP Azam Pansare SS Gajanan Dharmshi Babar
34 Pune INC Suresh Kalmadi BJP Anil Shirole
35 Baramati NCP Supriya Sule BJP Kanta Nalawade
36 Shirur NCP Vilas Vithoba Lande SS Shivajirao Adhalarao Patil
37 Ahmednagar NCP Shivaji Kardile BJP Dilipkumar Mansukhlal Gandhi
38 Shirdi (SC) RPI(A) Ramdas Athawale SS Bhausaheb Rajaram Wakchaure
39 Beed NCP Rameshrao Baburao Kokate BJP Gopinathrao Pandurang Munde
40 Osmanabad NCP Padamsinha Bajirao Patil SS Ravindra Gaikwad
41 Latur (SC) INC Jaywant Gangaram Awale BJP Sunil Baliram Gaikwad
42 Solapur (SC) INC Sushilkumar Sambhajirao Shinde BJP Sharad Bansode
43 Madha NCP Sharadchandra Govindrao Pawar BJP Subhash Deshmukh
44 Sangli INC Pratik Prakashbapu Patil IND Ajitrao Shankarrao Ghorpade
45 Satara NCP Udayanraje Bhonsle SS Purushottam Bajirao Jadhav
46 Ratnagiri-Sindhudurg INC Nilesh Narayan Rane SS Suresh Prabhu
47 Kolhapur NCP Chhatrapati Sambhajiraje Shahu SS Vijay Devane
48 Hatkanangle NCP Nivedita Sambhajirao Mane SS Raghunath Patil

Voting and results

Source: Election Commission of India [2]

Results by Alliance

Alliance/ PartyPopular voteSeats
Votes%±pp ContestedWon+/−
UPA INC 72,53,63419.61Decrease2.svg 4.162517Increase2.svg 4
NCP 71,31,17519.28Increase2.svg 0.97218Decrease2.svg 1
RPI 2,52,5700.68Increase2.svg 0.2410Steady2.svg
RPI(A) 2,27,1700.61Decrease2.svg 0.4010Decrease2.svg 1
Total1,48,64,54940.18Decrease2.svg 4.664825Increase2.svg 3
NDA SHS 62,87,96417.00Decrease2.svg 3.112211Decrease2.svg 1
BJP 67,21,64418.71Decrease2.svg 3.90259Decrease2.svg 4
IND 3,38,8370.92Steady2.svg10Steady2.svg
Total1,33,48,44536.09Decrease2.svg 6.634820Decrease2.svg 5
SWP 4,81,0251.30Steady2.svg11Increase2.svg 1
BVA 2,23,2340.60Steady2.svg11Increase2.svg 1
BSP 17,85,6434.83Steady2.svg470
MNS 15,03,8634.07New black yellow.svg110Steady2.svg
BBM 4,92,4701.33Steady2.svg390Steady2.svg
SP 3,71,2091.00Steady2.svg100Steady2.svg
CPI(M) 1,97,5760.53Steady2.svg20Steady2.svg
SBP 1,88,6080.51Steady2.svg40Steady2.svg
Others8,90,3982.41Steady2.svg1990Steady2.svg
IND 29,83,1288.06Increase2.svg 4.174101Increase2.svg 1
Total3,69,91,311100%-81948-

Result of Prominent Parties

PartyLeaderMPsVotes
Of totalOf total
Indian National Congress Sushilkumar Shinde 1726
17 / 48(35%)
1,23,87,32233.4%
Shiv Sena Anant Geete 1122
11 / 48(23%)
82,50,03822.4%
Bharatiya Janata Party Gopinath Munde 0926
09 / 48(19%)
70,25,88419.08%
Nationalist Congress Party Sharad Pawar 0822
08 / 48(17%)
65,00,80017.6%

List of Elected MPs

ConstituencyWinnerRunner-upMargin
CandidatePartyVotes%CandidatePartyVotes%Votes%
1 Nandurbar Manikrao Gavit INC 275,93636.01Gavit Sharad Krushnrao SP 235,09330.6840,8435.33
2 Dhule Pratap Sonawane BJP 263,26039.30 Amrish Patel INC 243,84136.4019,4192.90
3 Jalgaon A. T. Patil BJP 343,64752.34 Vasantrao More NCP 247,62737.7296,02014.62
4 Raver Haribhau Jawale BJP 328,84345.67Adv. Ravindra Pralhadrao Patil NCP 300,62541.7528,2183.92
5 Buldhana Prataprao Jadhav SHS 353,67141.46 Rajendra Shingne NCP 325,59338.1628,0783.30
6 Akola Sanjay Dhotre BJP 287,52638.91 Ambedkar Yashwant BBM 222,67830.1364,8488.78
7 Amravati Anandrao Adsul SHS 314,28642.91 Rajendra Gavai RPI 252,57034.4861,7168.43
8 Wardha Datta Meghe INC 352,85345.88 Suresh Wagmare BJP 256,93533.4195,91812.47
9 Ramtek Mukul Wasnik INC 311,61440.75 Krupal Tumane SHS 294,91338.5716,7012.18
10 Nagpur Vilas Muttemwar INC 315,14841.72 Banwarilal Purohit BJP 290,74938.4924,3993.23
11 Bhandara–Gondiya Praful Patel NCP 489,81447.52 Nana Patole IND 237,89923.08251,91524.44
12 Gadchiroli–Chimur Marotrao Kowase INC 321,75638.43 Ashok Nete BJP 293,17635.0228,5803.41
13 Chandrapur Hansraj Ahir BJP 301,46733.55 Naresh Puglia INC 268,97229.9432,4953.61
14 Yavatmal–Washim Bhavana Gawali SHS 384,44345.76 Harising Rathod INC 327,49238.9856,9516.78
15 Hingoli Subhash Wankhede SHS 340,14841.61 Suryakanta Patil NCP 266,51432.6073,6349.01
16 Nanded Bhaskarrao Patil INC 346,40044.72Sambhaji Pawar BJP 271,78635.0974,6149.63
17 Parbhani Ganeshrao Dudhgaonkar SHS 385,38744.26 Suresh Warpudkar NCP 319,96936.7565,4187.51
18 Jalna Raosaheb Danve BJP 350,71044.00 Kalyan Kale INC 342,22842.938,4821.07
19 Aurangabad Chandrakant Khaire SHS 255,89635.00 Uttamsingh Pawar INC 222,88230.4833,0144.52
20 Dindori Harischandra Chavan BJP 281,25441.26 Narhari Zirwal NCP 243,90735.7837,3475.48
21 Nashik Sameer Bhujbal NCP 238,70636.34 Hemant Godse MNS 216,67432.9822,0323.36
22 Palghar Baliram Jadhav BVA 223,23430.47 Chintaman Vanaga BJP 210,87428.7812,3601.69
23 Bhiwandi Suresh Taware INC 182,78931.29 Jagannath Patil BJP 141,42524.2141,3647.08
24 Kalyan Anand Paranjpe SHS 212,47639.00 Vasant Davkhare NCP 188,27434.5624,2024.44
25 Thane Sanjeev Naik NCP 301,00040.14 Vijay Chougule SHS 251,98033.6049,0206.54
26 Mumbai North Sanjay Nirupam INC 255,15737.25 Ram Naik BJP 249,37836.405,7790.85
27 Mumbai North West Gurudas Kamat INC 253,92035.91 Gajanan Kirtikar SHS 215,53330.4838,3875.43
28 Mumbai North East Sanjay Patil NCP 213,50531.97 Kirit Somaiya BJP 210,57231.532,9330.44
29 Mumbai North Central Priya Dutt INC 319,35248.05 Mahesh Jethmalani BJP 144,79721.79174,55526.26
30 Mumbai South Central Eknath Gaikwad INC 257,52343.00Suresh Anant Gambhir SHS 181,81730.3675,70612.64
31 Mumbai South Milind Deora INC 272,41142.46 Bala Nandgaonkar MNS 159,72924.90112,68217.56
32 Raigad Anant Geete SHS 413,54653.89 A. R. Antulay INC 267,02534.80146,52119.09
33 Maval Gajanan Babar SHS 364,85750.84Pansare Azam Fakeerbhai NCP 284,23839.6180,61911.23
34 Pune Suresh Kalmadi INC 279,97338.11 Anil Shirole BJP 254,27234.6125,7013.50
35 Baramati Supriya Sule NCP 487,82766.46 Kanta Nalawade BJP 150,99620.57336,83145.89
36 Shirur Shivajirao Patil SHS 482,56357.54Vilas Vithoba Lande NCP 303,95236.24178,61121.30
37 Ahmadnagar Dilipkumar Gandhi BJP 312,04739.65 Shivaji Kardile NCP 265,31633.7146,7315.94
38 Shirdi Bhausaheb Wakchaure SHS 359,92154.21 Ramdas Athawale RPI(A) 227,17034.22132,75119.99
39 Beed Gopinath Munde BJP 553,99451.58 Kokate Baburao NCP 413,04238.46140,95213.12
40 Osmanabad Padamsinh Patil NCP 408,84044.22 Ravindra Gaikwad SHS 402,05343.496,7870.73
41 Latur Jaywantrao Awale INC 372,89044.96 Sunil Gaikwad BJP 364,91544.007,9750.96
42 Solapur Sushilkumar Shinde INC 387,59152.15 Sharad Bansode BJP 287,95938.7499,63213.41
43 Madha Sharad Pawar NCP 530,59657.71 Subhash Deshmukh BJP 216,13723.51314,45934.20
44 Sangli Pratik Patil INC 378,62048.74Ajitrao Shankarrao Ghorpade IND 338,83743.6239,7835.12
45 Satara Udayanraje Bhosale NCP 532,58365.22Purushottam Bajirao Jadhav SHS 235,06828.78297,51536.44
46 Ratnagiri–Sindhudurg Nilesh Rane INC 353,91549.24 Suresh Prabhu SHS 307,16542.7446,7506.50
47 Kolhapur Sadashivrao Mandlik IND 428,08241.65 Sambhaji Raje NCP 383,28237.2944,8004.36
48 Hatkanangle Raju Shetti SWP 481,02549.17 Nivedita Mane NCP 385,96539.4695,0609.71

Region–wise breakup

RegionTotal seats Indian National Congress Shiv Sena Bharatiya Janata Party Nationalist Congress Party Others
Votes PolledSeats WonVotes PolledSeats WonVotes PolledSeats WonVotes PolledSeats Won
Western Maharashtra1122,56,57803Steady2.svg15,03,69802Increase2.svg 017,87,15301Steady2.svg24,70,20003Decrease2.svg 0302
Vidarbha1031,28,40204Increase2.svg 0324,27,03203Decrease2.svg 0116,38,52302Decrease2.svg 0410,30,99501Increase2.svg 0100
Marathwada816,04,43502Increase2.svg 0222,86,67303Increase2.svg 0114,78,84202Decrease2.svg 019,24,81001Decrease2.svg 0100
Thane+Konkan613,04,03502Steady2.svg20,32,63502Decrease2.svg 010000Steady2.svg7,49,91001Increase2.svg 0101
Mumbai632,97,46405Increase2.svg 010000Decrease2.svg 010000Steady2.svg6,67,95501Increase2.svg 0100
North Maharashtra67,66,40801Decrease2.svg 010000Steady2.svg20,47,31404Increase2.svg 016,56,93001Steady2.svg00
Total [3] 481,23,57,32217Increase2.svg 0482,50,03811Decrease2.svg 0159,51,83209Decrease2.svg 0465,00,80008Decrease2.svg 0103

Western Maharashtra

Sr.noSeats won
1. Pune Suresh Kalmadi Indian National Congress
2. Solapur (SC) Sushilkumar Sambhajirao Shinde Indian National Congress
3. Sangli Pratik Prakashbapu Patil Indian National Congress
4. Baramati Supriya Sule Nationalist Congress Party
5. Madha Sharadchandra Govindrao Pawar Nationalist Congress Party
6. Satara Udayanraje Bhonsle Nationalist Congress Party
7. Maval Gajanan Dharmshi Babar Shiv Sena
8. Shirur Shivajirao Adhalarao Patil Shiv Sena
9. Ahmednagar Dilipkumar Mansukhlal Gandhi Bharatiya Janata Party
10. Kolhapur Sadashivrao Dadoba Mandlik Independent
11. Hatkanangle Raju Shetti Swabhimani Paksha

Vidarbha

Sr.noSeats won
1. Wardha Datta Meghe Indian National Congress
2. Ramtek (SC) Mukul Balkrishna Wasnik Indian National Congress
3. Nagpur Vilasrao Baburaoji Muttemwar Indian National Congress
4. Gadchiroli-Chimur (ST) Marotrao Sainuji Kowase Indian National Congress
5. Bhandara-Gondiya Praful Manoharbhai Patel Nationalist Congress Party
6. Buldhana Prataprao Ganpatrao Jadhav Shiv Sena
7. Amravati (SC) Anandrao Vithoba Adsul Shiv Sena
8. Yavatmal-Washim Bhavana Pundlikrao Gawali Shiv Sena
9. Akola Sanjay Shamrao Dhotre Bharatiya Janata Party
10. Chandrapur Hansraj Gangaram Ahir Bharatiya Janata Party

Marathwada

Sr.noSeats wonParty
1. Nanded Bhaskarrao Bapurao Khatgaonkar Patil Indian National Congress
2. Latur (SC) Awale Jaywant Gangaram Indian National Congress
3. Osmanabad Padamsinha Bajirao Patil Nationalist Congress Party
4. Hingoli Subhash Bapurao Wankhede Shiv Sena
5. Parbhani Ganeshrao Nagorao Dudhgaonkar Shiv Sena
6. Aurangabad Chandrakant Khaire Shiv Sena
7. Jalna Raosaheb Dadarao Danve Bharatiya Janata Party
8. Beed Gopinathrao Pandurang Munde Bharatiya Janata Party

Thane+Konkan

Sr.noSeats wonParty
1. Bhiwandi Suresh Kashinath Taware Indian National Congress
2. Ratnagiri-Sindhudurg Nilesh Narayan Rane Indian National Congress
3. Thane Sanjeev Ganesh Naik Nationalist Congress Party
4. Kalyan Anand Prakash Paranjape Shiv Sena
5. Raigad Anant Geete Shiv Sena
6. Palghar (ST) Baliram Sukur Jadhav Bahujan Vikas Aghadi

Mumbai

Sr.noSeats WonParty
1. Mumbai North Sanjay Brijkishorlal Nirupam Indian National Congress
2. Mumbai North West Gurudas Kamat Indian National Congress
3. Mumbai North East Sanjay Dina Patil Nationalist Congress Party
4. Mumbai North Central Priya Sunil Dutt Indian National Congress
5. Mumbai South Central Eknath Gaikwad Indian National Congress
6. Mumbai South Milind Murli Deora Indian National Congress

North Maharashtra

Sr.noSeats wonParty
1. Nandurbar (ST) Gavit Manikrao Hodlya Indian National Congress
2. Dhule Pratap Narayanrao Sonawane Bharatiya Janata Party
3. Jalgaon A. T. Patil Bharatiya Janata Party
4. Raver Haribhau Madhav Jawale Bharatiya Janata Party
5. Nashik Sameer Bhujbal Nationalist Congress Party
6. Dindori (ST) Harishchandra Chavan Bharatiya Janata Party

Post-election Union Council of Ministers from Maharashtra

#NameConstituencyDesignationDepartmentFromToParty
1Sharad PawarMadhaCabinet MinisterAgriculture23 May
2009
26 May
2014
NCP
Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution23 May
2009
19 January
2011
Food Processing Industries19 January
2011
26 May
2014
2Sushilkumar ShindeSolapurCabinet MinisterPower28 May
2009
31 July
2012
INC
Home Affairs31 July
2012
26 May
2014
3Vilasrao DeshmukhRajya Sabha (Maharashtra)Cabinet MinisterHeavy Industries and Public Enterprises28 May
2009
19 January
2011
Rural Development; Panchayati Raj19 January
2011
12 July
2011
Science and Technology; Earth Sciences12 July
2011
10 August
2012
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises26 June
2012
10 August
2012
Minister without portfolio10 August
2012
14 August
2012
4Murli DeoraRajya Sabha (Maharashtra)Cabinet MinisterPetroleum and Natural Gas28 May
2009
19 January
2011
Corporate Affairs19 January
2011
12 July
2011
5Praful PatelBhandara – GondiyaMoS (I/C)Civil Aviation28 May
2009
19 January
2011
NCP
Cabinet MinisterHeavy Industries and Public Enterprises19 January
2011
26 May
2014
6Mukul WasnikRamtekCabinet MinisterSocial Justice and Empowerment28 May
2009
27 October
2012
INC
7Prithviraj ChavanRajya Sabha (Maharashtra)MoS (I/C)Science and Technology; Earth Sciences28 May
2009
10 November
2010
MoSPrime Minister's Office
Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Parliamentary Affairs
8Gurudas KamatMumbai North WestMoSCommunications and Information Technology28 May
2009
19 January
2011
Home Affairs19 January
2011
12 July
2011
Communications and Information Technology21 January
2011
12 July
2011
MoS (I/C)Drinking Water and Sanitation12 July
2011
13 July
2011
9Pratik Prakashbapu PatilSangliMoSHeavy Industries and Public Enterprises28 May
2009
14 June
2009
Youth Affairs and Sports14 June
2009
19 January
2011
Coal19 January
2011
26 May
2014
10Milind DeoraMumbai SouthMoSCommunications and Information Technology12 July
2011
26 May
2014
Shipping30 October
2012
26 May
2014
11Rajeev ShuklaRajya Sabha (Maharashtra)MoSParliamentary Affairs12 July
2011
26 May
2014
Planning28 October
2012
26 May
2014
12Tariq AnwarRajya Sabha (Maharashtra)MoSAgriculture28 October
2012
26 May
2014
NCP
Food Processing Industries28 October
2012
26 May
2014
13Manikrao Hodlya GavitNandurbarMoSSocial Justice and Empowerment17 June
2013
26 May
2014
INC

Assembly segments wise lead of Parties

Party Assembly segments Position in Assembly (as of 2009 election)
Indian National Congress 7982
Bharatiya Janata Party 6146
Shiv Sena 6144
Nationalist Congress Party 5262
Maharashtra Navnirman Sena 813
Swabhimani Paksha 41
Bahujan Vikas Aghadi 32
Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh 21
Communist Party of India (Marxist) 21
Lok Sangram 11
Janata Dal (Secular) 10
Republican Party of India 10
Others1335
Total288

References

  1. "State-Wise Position". Election Commission of India. Archived from the original on 19 June 2009. Retrieved 19 May 2009.
  2. "General Election 2009". Electoral Commission of India. Archived from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  3. "Spoils of five-point duel". Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2017.