Background
Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1777, amended by the Constitutional Convention of 1801, 32 Senators were elected on general tickets in the four senatorial districts for four-year terms. They were divided into four classes, and every year eight Senate seats came up for election. Assemblymen were elected countywide on general tickets to a one-year term, the whole Assembly being renewed annually.
In 1797, Albany was declared the State capital, and all subsequent Legislatures have been meeting there ever since. In 1799, the Legislature enacted that future Legislatures meet on the last Tuesday of January of each year unless called earlier by the governor.
In 1808, Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties had been split from Genesee County, but no county governments were organized for some time. In 1811, both counties were joined with Niagara in one Assembly district with 1 seat.
Lt. Gov. John Broome died on August 8, 1810, and a special election was required to fill the vacancy. State Senator and Mayor of New York City DeWitt Clinton was nominated by the Democratic-Republican majority. Nicholas Fish was nominated by the Federalists, and Marinus Willet was nominated by the Tammany organization in New York City which, although being the local affiliate of the Democratic-Republican Party, was opposed to Clinton.
At this time the politicians were divided into two opposing political parties: the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans. [2]
Sessions
The Legislature met at the Old State Capitol [3] in Albany on January 28, 1812; was prorogued by the Governor on March 27; met again on May 21; and adjourned on June 19.
Alexander Sheldon (Dem.-Rep.) was again elected Speaker, without opposition.
On February 5, the Assembly passed a bill (vote 50 to 42) to re-appoint David Thomas (Dem.-Rep.) as New York State Treasurer in place of Abraham G. Lansing (Fed.). The Senate concurred on February 8 by a vote of 19 to 5.
The main political controversy during this session was the chartering of the Bank of America with a capital of $6,000,000. The bankers offered to pay a bonus of $600,000, to be divided as follows: $400,000 to the Common-School Fund, $100,000 to the Literature Fund and $100,00 to the State Treasury if during the next 20 years no other bank would be chartered. Besides, the bankers offered a loan of $1,000,000 to the State at 5% interest p.a. to be used for the Erie Canal construction; and a loan of $1,000,000 at 6% interest to the farmers who were losing money because of the Embargo. State Treasurer David Thomas and Solomon Southwick were the main lobbyists for the chartering; Gov. Daniel D. Tompkins, Supreme Court Justice Ambrose Spencer and State Senator John Tayler "declared open war against the bank." [4] Lt. Gov. DeWitt Clinton told his brother-in-law, and close political ally of many years, Ambrose Spencer that he would, if necessary, vote against the charter (as Lt. Gov. he had only a casting vote in the Senate), but that he would not make the issue a question of party discipline, leaving it to the Democratic-Republican legislators to vote as they thought fit. This led to Spencer's joining the Anti-Clintonians shortly thereafter. The Assembly passed the bill to charter the bank in second reading with a vote of 52 to 46. The bill then went to the Senate, and a motion was made to reject it, but was voted down 15 to 13. To avoid the bill going through, on March 27, Gov. Tompkins prorogued the Legislature [5] until May 21, saying that proof had been furnished that the bankers had bribed legislators to vote for the charter. After the Legislature met again, the bank charter was passed in the Senate by a vote of 17 to 13, and in third reading in the Assembly by a vote of 58 to 39. In 1813, the bank asked the Legislature to cancel the payment of the bonus, which had been a condition sine qua non of the charter, and only $100,000 were actually paid into the Common School Fund. [6]
On May 28, a caucus of Dem.-Rep. legislators, presided over by James W. Wilkin, nominated DeWitt Clinton for U.S. president. On June 18, the United States declared War against Great Britain, and the Legislature adjourned on the next day.
The 22nd New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from August 9, 1798, to April 3, 1799, during the fourth year of John Jay's governorship, in Albany.
The 27th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 31 to April 11, 1804, during the third year of George Clinton's second tenure as Governor of New York, in Albany.
The 28th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from November 6, 1804, to April 10, 1805, during the first year of Morgan Lewis's governorship, in Albany.
The 29th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 28 to April 7, 1806, during the second year of Morgan Lewis's governorship, in Albany.
The 30th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 27 to April 7, 1807, during the third year of Morgan Lewis's governorship, in Albany.
The 31st New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 26 to April 11, 1808, during the first year of Daniel D. Tompkins's governorship, in Albany.
The 32nd New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from November 1, 1808, to March 30, 1809, during the second year of Daniel D. Tompkins's governorship, in Albany.
The 33rd New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 30 to April 6, 1810, during the third year of Daniel D. Tompkins's governorship, in Albany.
The 34th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 29 to April 9, 1811, during the fourth year of Daniel D. Tompkins's governorship, in Albany.
The 36th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from November 3, 1812, to April 13, 1813, during the sixth year of Daniel D. Tompkins's governorship, in Albany.
The 37th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 25 to April 15, 1814, during the seventh year of Daniel D. Tompkins's governorship, in Albany.
The 38th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from September 26, 1814, to April 18, 1815, during the eighth year of Daniel D. Tompkins's governorship, in Albany.
The 39th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 30 to April 17, 1816, during the ninth year of Daniel D. Tompkins's governorship, in Albany.
The 40th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from November 5, 1816, to April 15, 1817, during the tenth year of Daniel D. Tompkins's governorship, and while John Tayler was Acting Governor, in Albany.
The 41st New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 27 to April 21, 1818, during the first year of DeWitt Clinton's governorship, in Albany.
The 42nd New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 5 to April 13, 1819, during the second year of DeWitt Clinton's governorship, in Albany.
The 43rd New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 4 to April 14, 1820, during the third year of DeWitt Clinton's governorship, in Albany.
The 44th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from November 7, 1820, to April 3, 1821, during the fourth year of DeWitt Clinton's governorship, in Albany.
The 45th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 2 to April 17, 1822, during the fifth year of DeWitt Clinton's governorship, in Albany.
The 48th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 4 to April 21, 1825, during the first year of DeWitt Clinton's second tenure as Governor of New York, in Albany.
