71st Air Refueling Squadron

71st Air Refueling Squadron
KC-135A of the 71st Air Refueling Squadron during Exercise Proud Shield 92
Active	1942–1944; 1955–1994
Country	United States
Branch	United States Air Force
Role	Air Refueling
Motto(s)	Summa Observantia, The Ultimate in Service [note 1]
Decorations	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
Insignia
71st Air Refueling Squadron Emblem (approved 31 December 1959) [1]
471st Bombardment Squadron Emblem (approved 5 February 1943) [2] [note 2]

The 71st Air Refueling Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 458th Operations Group at Barksdale AFB, Louisiana where it was inactivated on 1 April 1994.

The squadron was first activated as the 471st Bombardment Squadron in the summer of 1942 and assigned to the 334th Bombardment Group at Greenville AAB, South Carolina. It operated as a North American B-25 Mitchell aircrew replacement training unit until it was disbanded in the spring of 1944.

The 71st Air Refueling Squadron was activated in 1955 at Dow Air Force Base, Maine and equipped with Boeing KC-97 Stratofreighters. In March 1964 the squadron reequipped with Boeing KC-135 Stratotankers and when Dow closed in 1968, moved to Barksdale AFB, Louisiana, remaining there until it was inactivated as part of reorganization of air refueling squadrons by Air Mobility Command in 1994. While at Barksdale, the two squadrons were consolidated.

History

World War II

The 471st Bombardment Squadron was activated in the summer of 1942 as one of the four original squadrons of the 334th Bombardment Group at Greenville AAB, South Carolina. ^[2] It operated as a North American B-25 Mitchell replacement training unit. Replacement training units were oversized units which trained aircrews prior to their deployment to combat theaters. ^[3] However, Army Air Forces found that standard military units, based on relatively inflexible tables of organization were proving less well adapted to the training mission. Accordingly, a more functional system was adopted in which each base was organized into a separate numbered unit. ^[4] This resulted in the 471st, along with other units at Greenville, being disbanded in the spring of 1944 ^[2] and being replaced by the 330th AAF Base Unit (Replacement Training Unit, Medium, Bombardment).

Air Refueling operations

The 71st Air Refueling Squadron was activated at Dow Air Force Base, Maine in January 1955. ^[1] The squadron was designated for refueling strategic fighters and was to be colocated with the 506th Strategic Fighter Wing at Dow. However the 506th moved to Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma ^[5] and the squadron was assigned directly to Eighth Air Force headquarters until the 4060th Air Refueling Wing was organized as the Strategic Air Command (SAC) wing at Dow. The squadron was equipped with KC-97F Stratotankers (also KC-97Gs). The squadron was redesignated as the 71st Air Refueling Squadron, Medium on 15 December 1957 and acted as a forward based refueling units supporting Boeing B-47 Stratojet bombers and fighter aircraft deploying to and from Europe. ^[1]

In February 1960, the 4038th Strategic Wing was activated at Dow as part of SAC's plan to disperse its Boeing B-52 Stratofortress heavy bombers over a larger number of bases, thus making it more difficult for the Soviet Union to knock out the entire fleet with a surprise first strike and the squadron was reassigned to it. The squadron continued to fly KC-97s, however, until 1964 when it reequipped with Boeing KC-135 Stratotankers. ^[1] The squadron provided long range air refueling support and participated in military exercises and special operations. It deployed aircraft and aircrews to Europe, the Middle East, and Alaska supporting the European, Alaskan, and Pacific Tanker Task Forces while maintaining a high state of combat readiness. The 71st also supported USAF operations in Southeast Asia. ^[1]

Dow closed as an active USAF base in the spring of 1968 and most units there inactivated. The 71st, however relocated to Barksdale AFB, Louisiana, where it was assigned to the 2d Bombardment Wing. ^[1] in 1968 remaining there until inactivation. While at Barksdale, the 471st Bombardment Squadron was consolidated with the 71st. When SAC implemented the Objective Wing organization in the fall of 1991, the squadron was reassigned to the newly activated 2d Operations Group, but this assignment lasted only until 1993 when Air Combat Command transferred its air refueling units to Air Mobility Command (AMC) in 1993. As AMC reorganized its tanker fleet, it removed its tankers from Barksdale and the 71st was inactivated on 1 April 1994. ^[1]

Lineage

471st Bombardment Squadron Constituted as the 471st Bombardment Squadron (Medium) on 9 July 1942 Activated on 16 July 1942 Disbanded on 1 May 1944 [2] Reconstituted on 19 September 1985 and consolidated with the 71st Air Refueling Squadron [1]

71st Air Refueling Squadron Constituted as the 71st Air Refueling Squadron, Strategic Fighter on 4 November 1954 Activated on 24 January 1955 Redesignated 71st Air Refueling Squadron, Medium on 15 December 1957 Redesignated 71st Air Refueling Squadron, Heavy on 1 March 1964 Consolidated with the 471st Bombardment Squadron on 19 September 1985 Redesignated 71st Air Refueling Squadron on 1 September 1991 Inactivated on 1 October 1994 [1]

Assignments

334th Bombardment Group: 16 July 1942 – 1 May 1944 [2] Eighth Air Force: 24 Jan 1955 (attached to 506th Strategic Fighter Wing) 4060th Air Refueling Wing: 8 March 1955 4038th Strategic Wing: 1 February 1960

397th Bombardment Wing: 1 February 1963 (attached to 2d Bombardment Wing after 1 April 1968) [6] 2d Bombardment Wing: 15 April 1968 [7] 2d Operations Group: 1 September 1991 458th Operations Group: 1 October 1993 – 1 April 1994

Stations

• Greenville Army Air Base, South Carolina, 16 July 1942 – 1 May 1944 ^[2]
• Dow Air Force Base, Maine, 24 January 1955 ^[1]
• Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana, 15 April 1968 – 1 June 1994 ^{[1] [8]}

Aircraft

• B-25 Mitchell, 1942-1944 ^[2]
• KC-97 Stratofreighter, 1955-1964 ^[1]
• KC-135 Stratotanker, 1964-1994 ^[1]

Awards and campaigns

Award streamer	Award	Dates	Notes
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 July 1973 – 30 June 1975	71st Air Refueling Squadron [1]
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 July 1979 – 30 June 1980	71st Air Refueling Squadron [1]
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 July 1982 – 30 June 1984	71st Air Refueling Squadron [1]
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	11 July 1986 – 30 June 1987	71st Air Refueling Squadron [1]
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 July 1987 – 30 June 1989	71st Air Refueling Squadron [1]

Service Streamer	Theater	Dates	Notes
	American Theater of World War II	16 July 1942 – 1 May 1944	471st Bombardment Squadron [2]

References

Notes

Explanatory notes

1. Originally approved as Ultimus Servitium.
2. The emblems of the four squadrons of the 334th Bombardment Group, featuring "Bomby-the-Bear" were featured in Hubbard, p. 714.

Citations

1. "USAF Unit Lineage and Honors History, 71st Air Refueling Squadron, Heavy (AFHRA Form 84), updated 16 August 2006" (PDF). Air Force Historical Research Agency. 22 November 1985. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
2. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 214
3. Craven & Cate, p. xxxvi, Introduction
4. Craven & Cate, p. 7
5. Ravenstein, pp. 273–274
6. Ravenstein, p. 213
7. Ravenstein, pp. 7–9
8. Mueller, p. 23

Bibliography

 This article incorporates  public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/ .

• Craven, Wesley F; Cate, James L, eds. (1955). The Army Air Forces in World War II. Vol. VI, Men & Planes. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. LCCN   48-3657.
• Hubbard, Gerard (1943). "Aircraft Insignia, Spirit of Youth". The National Geographic Magazine. National Geographic Society. LXXXIII (6): 718–722. Retrieved 1 September 2017. (subscription required for web access)
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN   0-912799-02-1. LCCN   61060979.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN   0-405-12194-6. LCCN   70605402. OCLC   72556.
• Mueller, Robert (1989). Air Force Bases, Vol. I, Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982 (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN   0-912799-53-6.
• Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947–1977 . Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN   0-912799-12-9.