913th Air Refueling Squadron

"13th Troop Carrier Squadron" redirects here. For the 13th Troop Carrier Squadron (Medium), see 13th Reconnaissance Squadron.

"13th Transport Squadron" redirects here. For the 13th Transport Squadron, formerly the 13th Ferrying Squadron, see 13th Air Transport Squadron.

913th Air Refueling Squadron
Boeing KC-135 on takeoff using water injection to increase thrust
Active	1940–1946; 1958–1981
Country	United States
Branch	United States Air Force
Role	Air refueling
Nickname(s)	The Thirsty Thirteenth (World War II)
Engagements	Battle of Guadalcanal Battle of New Georgia Battle of Vella Lavella Battle of Bougainville South West Pacific Theater of World War II Philippines Campaign (1944-1945)
Decorations	Distinguished Unit Citation Air Force Outstanding Unit Award Navy Unit Commendation Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation
Insignia
913th Air Refueling Squadron Emblem
13th Troop Carrier Squadron patch

The first predecessor of the squadron was organized in 1940 as the 13th Transport Squadron. During World War II, as the 13th Troop Carrier Squadron, the squadron served in the South West Pacific Theater of World War II, earning two Distinguished Unit Citations, a Navy Unit Commendation and a Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation for its wartime actions. Its last assignment was with the 403d Troop Carrier Group at Nichols Field, Luzon, Philippines, where it was inactivated on 15 October 1946.

The 913th Air Refueling Squadron was activated by the United States Air Force in 1958 at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana, where it was last assigned to the 2d Bombardment Wing. The squadron responded to the Cuban Missile Crisis and provided Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker aircraft and aircrews to support the Viet Nam War. It was inactivated on 1 November 1981 and replaced by a squadron flying McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extenders.

The two squadrons were consolidated in September 1985 but the consolidated squadron has not been active since.

History

World War II

The 13th Transport Squadron was activated in late 1940 ^[1] as one of the three original squadrons of the 61st Transport Group. ^[2] Personnel for the squadron were drawn from the 5th Transport Squadron, located at Patterson Field, Ohio. ^[3]

The headquarters and squadrons of the 61st were initially scattered at various depot bases, with the 13th at Patterson Field, ^[1] site of the Fairfield Air Depot. ^[4] The 61st was finally united with its component squadrons at Pope Field, North Carolina in May 1942. Shortly after this the group and squadrons were renamed Troop Carrier organizations. ^{[1] [2]} The squadron trained with the group in the southeast, using Douglas C-47 Skytrain and Douglas C-53 Skytrooper aircraft, ^[2] but in the fall of 1942 the 13th deployed by itself to the Pacific. ^[1]

C-47s flying supplies to a forward airfield in New Guinea escorted by P-40s

Upon arrival in the theater, the squadron, operating from bases in New Caledonia, was attached to Marine Air Group 25 and began to transport vital ammunition and supplies to Guadalcanal and to evacuate wounded personnel on return trips. In November 1942 the squadron became part of the South Pacific Combat Air Transport Command (SCAT). For its actions during the Guadalcanal Campaign the squadron earned its first Distinguished Unit Citation. ^[5]

In August 1943 the squadron was assigned to the 403d Troop Carrier Group ^[6] and then moved to Espiritu Santo. ^[1] It supported the New Guinea and Philippines campaigns by transporting men and cargo to combat areas. The 13th evacuated casualties and dropped or airlanded supplies to guerrilla forces in the Philippines. On 23 February 1945 the squadron dropped paratroopers into Laguna de Bay, Luzon to free civilians held prisoner by the Japanese. The unit moved to the Philippines in 1945 and remained after the Japanese surrender as part of Far East Air Forces. It flew occupation troops to Japan, evacuated prisoners of war and flew cargo and personnel between Australia and Japan. ^[6] In early 1946 the squadron began to transition into Douglas C-54 Skymasters. ^[1]

In October 1946 the 403d Troop Carrier Group was replaced by the 374th Troop Carrier Group. As a result, the 13th was inactivated and its mission, personnel and equipment were transferred to the 22d Troop Carrier Squadron. ^{[1] [7]}

Cold War

The 913th Air Refueling Squadron was activated in June 1958 by Strategic Air Command (SAC) at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana. The squadron was equipped with Boeing KC-135 Stratotankers and assigned to the 4238th Strategic Wing as part of SAC's plan to disperse its Boeing B-52 Stratofortress units to make it more difficult for the Soviet Union to destroy the entire fleet with a first strike. ^[8] The squadron mission was to provide air refueling to the B-52s of its parent wing and other USAF units as directed. Starting in 1960, one third of the squadron's aircraft were maintained on fifteen-minute alert, fully fueled and ready for combat to reduce vulnerability to a Soviet missile strike. This was increased to half the squadron's aircraft in 1962. ^[9] The squadron trained for this mission until inactivation except for periods when its aircraft and crews were deployed with other SAC organizations conducting combat operations. ^[10]

From October through November 1962 the squadron's training was interrupted as it assumed an increased alert posture during the Cuban Missile Crisis. After tensions eased, the unit resumed normal operations. ^[11] The 913th transferred to the 2d Bombardment Wing in 1963 when SAC replaced its parent wing ^[10] with an organization that had a more distinguished history and could continue its lineage. ^{[lower-alpha 1]}

In 1962, SAC established an airborne command post at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, nicknamed Looking Glass, to ensure continuity of command and control of SAC forces in the event of a nuclear attack. Looking Glass was soon augmented by auxiliary aircraft stationed with the headquarters of SAC's three Numbered Air Forces. The 913th received Boeing EC-135C aircraft to operate SAC's Central Auxiliary Command Post's airborne element. The 913th continued to operate PACCS aircraft until 1 April 1970, when SAC reorganized its airborne command post aircraft and withdrew them from vulnerable bases near the coasts like Barksdale and assigned them to the 2d, 3d, and 4th Airborne Command and Control Squadrons, stationed at bases closer to the heartland of North America. ^[12]

The 913th began supporting SAC operations in Southeast Asia in 1965, and increased its support of these operations over the following two years. From May to November 1972 all but four of the squadron's KC-135s and a handful of crews were on loan to other SAC units. Following the return of its assets, the squadron continued to support operations in Southeast Asia until 1975. ^[10] The 913th resumed its training and alert mission until it was inactivated in 1981 and replaced by the 32d Air Refueling Squadron when the 2d Bombardment Wing began to operate McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extenders. ^[13]

The 13th Troop Carrier Squadron was consolidated with the 913th Air Refueling Squadron in September 1985 but the consolidated squadron has not been active since. ^[14]

Lineage

13th Troop Carrier Squadron Constituted as the 13th Transport Squadron on 20 November 1940 Activated on 1 December 1940 Redesignated the 13th Troop Carrier Squadron on 4 July 1942 Inactivated on 15 October 1946 [15] Consolidated with 913th Air Refueling Squadron as the 913th Air Refueling Squadron on 19 September 1985 [14]

913th Air Refueling Squadron Constituted as the 913th Air Refueling Squadron, Heavy on 7 April 1958 Activated on 1 June 1958 Inactivated on 1 November 1981 Consolidated with 13th Troop Carrier Squadron on 19 September 1985 [14] (remained inactive)

Assignments

• 61st Transport Group (later 61st Troop Carrier Group), 1 December 1940
• Army Forces in South Pacific Area, c. 10 October 1942 (attached to South Pacific Combat Air Transport Command, 11 December 1942 – 3 July 1944)
• Thirteenth Air Force, c. 13 January 1943
• XIII Air Force Service Command, 1 July 1943
• 403d Troop Carrier Group, 22 August 1943 – 15 October 1946 ^[15]
• 4238th Strategic Wing, ^[11] 1 June 1958
• 2d Bombardment Wing, 1 April 1963 ^[10] – 1 November 1981 ^[13]

Stations

Patterson Field, Ohio, 1 December 1940 Drew Field, Florida, 13 July 1941 Pope Field, North Carolina, 25 May 1942 Lockbourne Army Air Base, Ohio, 8 August-22 September 1942 Plaine Des Gaiacs Airfield, New Caledonia, 10 October 1942 Tontouta Airfield, New Caledonia, 17 December 1942 Luganville Airfield, Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides, 2 November 1943 Operated from Los Negros Island, Admiralty Islands, 16 August-4 October 1944

Mokmer Airfield, Biak, Netherlands East Indies, 21 September 1944 Operated from Wakde Airfield, Wakde, Netherlands East Indies, 4–19 October 1944 Dulag Airfield, Dulag, Leyte, Philippines, 17 July 1945 Clark Field, Luzon, Philippines, 7 January 1946 Nichols Field, Luzon, Philippines, 15 June 1946 – 15 October 1946 [15] Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana, 1 June 1958 – 1 November 1981 [16]

Aircraft

• Douglas C-47 Skytrain, 1941–1946
• Douglas C-53 Skytrooper, 1942
• Curtiss C-46 Commando, 1945–1946
• Douglas C-54 Skymaster, 1946 ^[15]
• Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker, 1958–1981
• Boeing EC-135C, c. 1964–1970 ^[12]

Awards and campaigns

Award streamer	Award	Dates	Notes
	Distinguished Unit Citation	10 October 1942 – 9 December 1942	13th Troop Carrier Squadron [1]
	Distinguished Unit Citation	17 April 1945 – 30 June 1945	13th Troop Carrier Squadron [1]
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 July 1965 – 1 December 1965	913th Air Refueling Squadron [17]
	Navy Unit Commendation	11 December 1942 – 15 July 1944	13th Troop Carrier Squadron [1]
	Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation	17 October 1944 – 4 July 1945	13th Troop Carrier Squadron [1]

Campaign Streamer	Campaign	Dates	Notes
	Guadalcanal	10 October 1942 – 21 February 1943	13th Troop Carrier Squadron [1]
	New Guinea	24 January 1943 – 31 December 1944	13th Troop Carrier Squadron [1]
	Northern Solomons	23 February 1943 – 21 November 1944	13th Troop Carrier Squadron [1]
	Bismarck Archipelago	15 December 1943 – 27 November 1944	13th Troop Carrier Squadron [1]
	Western Pacific	17 April 1944 – 2 September 1945	13th Troop Carrier Squadron [1]
	Leyte	17 October 1944 – 1 July 1945	13th Troop Carrier Squadron [1]
	Luzon	15 December 1944 – 4 July 1945	13th Troop Carrier Squadron [1]
	Southern Philippines	27 February 1945 – 4 July 1945	13th Troop Carrier Squadron [1]

See also

• List of C-47 Skytrain operators
• List of MAJCOM wings of the United States Air Force
• List of United States Air Force air refueling squadrons

References

Notes

Explanatory notes

1. MAJCON units like the 4138th could not carry a permanent history or lineage. Ravenstein. Guide to Air Force Lineage, p. 12.

Citations

1. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 75
2. Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 125–127
3. "Abstract, History 13 Troop Carrier Squadron activation-Sep 1943". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
4. See "Abstract, Henry H. Arnold personal document collection 1 Jan 1929-1 Jan 1930". Air Force History Index. 1 January 1988. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
5. Armstrong, William. (2017). Marine Air Group 25 and SCAT (Images of Aviation). Arcadia. ISBN   1467127434; Washburne, Seth. (2011). The Thirsty 13th: The U.S. Army Air Forces 13th Troop Carrier Squadron, 1940 – 1945. Thirsty 13th LLC. ISBN   0615396755
6. Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 287–288
7. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 119–120
8. "Abstract (Unclassified), Vol 1, History of Strategic Air Command, Jan–Jun 1957 (Secret)". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
9. "Abstract (Unclassified), History of the Strategic Bomber since 1945 (Top Secret, downgraded to Secret)". Air Force History Index. 1 April 1975. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
10. Ravenstein, Combat Wings, pp. 7–9
11. "Abstract, History 4238 Strategic Wing Nov 62". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
12. Ogletree, Greg. "A History of the Post Attack Command and Control System (PACCS)". Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
13. "Abstract, History 2 Bombardment Wing Oct–Dec 1981". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
14. Department of the Air Force/MPM Letter 662q, 19 September 85, Subject: Reconstitution, Redesignation, and Consolidation of Selected Air Force Tactical Squadrons
15. Lineage, including assignments, stations and aircraft in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 75
16. Mueller, p. 22
17. AF Pamphlet 900-2, 15 June 1971, p. 477

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

• Armstrong, William (2017). Marine Air Group 25 and SCAT (Images of Aviation). Charleston, SC: Arcadia. ISBN   978-1467127431.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN   0-912799-02-1. LCCN   61060979.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN   0-405-12194-6. LCCN   70605402. OCLC   72556.
• Mueller, Robert (1989). Air Force Bases, Vol. I, Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982 (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN   0-912799-53-6.
• Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947–1977 . Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN   0-912799-12-9.
• Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). A Guide to Air Force Lineage and Honors (2d, Revised ed.). Maxwell AFB, AL: USAF Historical Research Center.
• "AF Pamphlet 900-2, Unit Decorations, Awards and Campaign Participation Credits" (PDF). Washington, DC: Department of the Air Force. 15 June 1971. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 August 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
• Washburne, Seth (2011). The Thirsty 13th: The U.S. Army Air Forces 13th Troop Carrier Squadron, 1940 – 1945. Chelsea, MI: Thirsty 13th LLC. ISBN   978-0615396750.

Further reading

• Smith, Richard K. (1998). Seventy-Five Years of Inflight Refueling: Highlights, 1923–1998 (PDF). Air Force History and Museums Program. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. Retrieved 13 August 2013.

External links

• Thirsty13th.com – 13th Troop Carrier Squadron Official website