849 Naval Air Squadron

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849 Naval Air Squadron
849SqnRN.png
Active1943-1945, 1952-1978, 1984-2020
CountryFlag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
BranchNaval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy
TypeCarrier based squadron
Role Airborne Early Warning
Size3 flights [1]
Part of Fleet Air Arm
Garrison/HQ RNAS Culdrose
Motto(s)Primus video
(Latin: "The first to see")
Anniversariesnone
Engagements Normandy 1944, Palembang 1945, Okinawa 1945, Japan 1945, Iraq 2003
Commanders
Notable
commanders		L/C(A) K G Sharp RN
Lt Cdr Charles Gidley Wheeler (Senior Pilot, 1969-1970)

849 Naval Air Squadron was a squadron of the Fleet Air Arm, the Air Arm of the British Royal Navy. [2] It was formed during the Second World War as a carrier based torpedo-bomber, unit, flying missions against Japanese targets in the Far East. Its service since the Second World War has been as an airborne early warning squadron, flying fixed winged Skyraiders and Gannets from the Royal Navy's fixed wing carriers from 1952 until 1978, and airborne early warning Sea King helicopters from 1982 to 2018. [3]

Contents

Operational history

World War two

849 Naval Air Squadron was formed on 1 August 1943 at the Naval Air Station Quonset Point, Rhode Island with Grumman Avenger Is. It returned to the UK and provided anti-surface vessel and anti-submarine patrols over the English Channel prior to and during the D-Day operations. [4]

A Grumman Avenger from 849 NAS in flight, 1944. Avenger from HMS Victorious in flight c1944.jpg
A Grumman Avenger from 849 NAS in flight, 1944.

In August 1944, it was sent to Ceylon to join the British Eastern Fleet, embarking on HMS Victorious (and becoming part of the British Pacific Fleet in November 1944). It took part in Operation Lentil against oil installations at Pangkalan Brandan in Sumatra on 4 January 1945, and in the larger carrier strikes against the oil refineries at Palembang Sumatra (Operation Meridian) on 24 and 29 January. [5]

Victorious, including 849 in its Carrier Air Group, took part in operations in support of the American invasion of Okinawa from March to May 1945, flying strikes against airfields used by Japanese Kamikaze aircraft on the Sakishima Islands and on Formosa. Still aboard Victorious, No. 849 took place in raids against the Japanese Home islands in July and August, including the bombing raids on 24 July that resulted in severe damage to the Japanese escort carrier Kaiyo. It disbanded on 31 October 1945. [6]

Airborne Early Warning (1953-78)

849 Sqn. Douglas Skyraider AEW.1 taking off from HMS Albion AD-4W 849Sqn NAN9-79.jpg
849 Sqn. Douglas Skyraider AEW.1 taking off from HMS Albion

The squadron reformed at Royal Naval Air Station (RNAS) Culdrose on 7 July 1953, being equipped with ex United States Navy Douglas Skyraider AD4W as an Airborne Early Warning unit, from 778 Naval Air Squadron. [7] [8] These were operated by squadron detachments assigned to the Royal Navy's aircraft carriers HMS Ark Royal, Bulwark, Albion, Centaur, Eagle, Hermes and Victorious.

Following the retirement of the Skyraiders in December 1960, the unit flew the Fairey Gannet AEW.3 in the same role, operating from HMS Eagle, Ark Royal, Centaur, Hermes and Victorious. Gannet AS.4, COD.4 and T.5s were also operated in supporting roles. The squadron detachments continued as 849B (Ark Royal) and 849HQ (RAF Lossiemouth), until the squadron disbanded again on 15 December 1978.

In November 1970 Bristol Belle, one of the first hot air balloons to fly in UK, was piloted by Lt Terry Adams, accompanied by Lt Howard Draper both of 849 Squadron B Flight (Gannets). This early morning launch carried mail into Malta whilst the Ark Royal was steaming off the southern coast of that island.

Gannet AEW.3 of 849 Squadron's 'B' Flight wearing the 'R' code of HMS Ark Royal in 1973 Fairey Gannet AEW.3 XL502 R.041GC 07.07.73 edited-3.jpg
Gannet AEW.3 of 849 Squadron's 'B' Flight wearing the 'R' code of HMS Ark Royal in 1973
A Gannet AEW.3 of 849 Squadron Gannet AEW3 XL502 1988.JPEG
A Gannet AEW.3 of 849 Squadron

Helicopter AEW (1984 to 2018)

An 849 Squadron Sea King AEW.2A on the USS George Washington, 1988 SeaKing AEW 849Sqn CVN-73 1998.JPEG
An 849 Squadron Sea King AEW.2A on the USS George Washington, 1988

It reformed after the lessons of the 1982 South Atlantic campaign had been learned, on 8 November 1984 and the unit then operated the Westland Sea King Mk7 Airborne Surveillance and Control (ASaC) helicopter. The squadron was stationed at RNAS Culdrose in Cornwall, operating 9 aircraft. It was divided into three elements - two flights (A and B), or Aardvarks and Bees and the Operational Conversion Unit (OCU)(Previously known as HQ). Historically, a Flight was assigned to each of the two active aircraft carriers in the Royal Navy. The squadron suffered heavy losses during the 2003 invasion of Iraq when two of its aircraft operating from HMS Ark Royal collided during low visibility conditions. Six squadron members and an American exchange officer were killed in the collision.

On 13 December 2006, after a short ceremony at RNAS Culdrose, A Flight became 854 Squadron and B Flight became 857 Squadron, taking the former's Sea King ASaC.7 with them.

In May 2014, the MOD announced that seven ASaC.7 helicopters, to be operated by 849 Naval Air Squadron, would remain in service with the RN through to the second half of 2018; the remainder of the Royal Navy's Sea Kings, of all types, were to be withdrawn by 2016. [9]

854 and 857 Naval Air Squadrons were reabsorbed by 849 Naval Air Squadron in 2015, to form 'Normandy' and 'Palembang' flights respectively. [10] The third flight in 849 NAS is 'Okinawa Flight'. [1]

Decommissioning

849NAS briefly operated a single Augusta Westland Merlin HM Mk2 from February 2020 in anticipation of the Mk2 receiving the Crowsnest upgraded ASaC system. 849 NAS decommissioned on 21 April 2020. [11]

Aircraft operated

The squadron operated a variety of different aircraft and versions: [12]

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">778 Naval Air Squadron</span> Defunct flying squadron of the Royal Navys Fleet Air Arm

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">706 Naval Air Squadron</span> Defunct flying squadron of the Royal Navys Fleet Air Arm

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">796 Naval Air Squadron</span> Defunct flying squadron of the Royal Navys Fleet Air Arm

796 Naval Air Squadron was a Naval Air Squadron of the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm which last disbanded at RNAS Culdrose in October 1958. 796 Naval Air Squadron formed as the Eastern Fleet Torpedo Bomber Reconnaissance Pool, at RN Air Section Port Reitz, in Mombasa, in July 1942, it provided a detachment embarked in HMS Illustrious in August to support the invasion of Madagascar. This Flight also disembarked to Majunga in September to join 207 Group of the Royal Air Force and later rejoined the squadron at RNAS Tanga, in November and added operational training unit to its roles until disbanding in April 1944. It reformed in November 1947 at HMS Vulture, RNAS St Merryn, as the Aircrewman Training School, for conversion of T.A.G.'s to aircrewman standard. Its task changed to Observer School Part II in January 1950. The squadron moved to HMS Seahawk, RNAS Culdrose, in November 1953 and in 1957 took on the task of the disbanded 765 Naval Air Squadron.

References

Citations

  1. 1 2 "849 squadron celebrate Palembang battle honour - Royal Navy". royalnavy.mod.uk. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  2. ↑ "Freedom of Information Request - 849 NAS" (PDF). 19 July 2020.
  3. ↑ "Final Flight of the Sea King".
  4. ↑ Brown 1972, p.65.
  5. ↑ Brown 1972, pp. 65-66.
  6. ↑ Brown 1972, p.66.
  7. ↑ Brown 1972, p.69.
  8. ↑ Flight 22 October 1954, p.605.
  9. ↑ Scott, Richard (7 May 2014). "UK extends Sea King ASaC.7 life out to 2018". IHS Jane's 360. Jane's. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  10. ↑ "Normandy Flight deploy for the first time - Royal Navy". royalnavy.mod.uk. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  11. ↑ "849 NAS" (PDF). Ministry of Defence. 6 August 2020. FOI2020/08297. Retrieved 6 August 2020– via WhatDoTheyKnow.
  12. ↑ Sturtivant & Ballance 1994, p. 278.

Bibliography

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