The acetabulum, also called the cotyloid cavity, is a concave surface of the pelvis. The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint.
In vertebrate anatomy, the hip, or coxa in medical terminology, refers to either an anatomical region or a joint on the outer (lateral) side of the pelvis.
The medial collateral ligament (MCL), also called the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) or tibial collateral ligament (TCL), is one of the major ligaments of the knee. It is on the medial (inner) side of the knee joint and occurs in humans and other primates. Its primary function is to resist valgus forces on the knee.
The obturator foramen is the large, bilaterally paired opening of the bony pelvis. It is formed by the pubis and ischium. It is mostly closed by the obturator membrane except for a small opening, the obturator canal, through which the obturator nerve and vessels pass.
The ischium forms the lower and back region of the hip bone.
In vertebrates, the pubis or pubic bone forms the lower and anterior part of each side of the hip bone. The pubis is the most forward-facing of the three bones that make up the hip bone. The left and right pubic bones are each made up of three sections; a superior ramus, an inferior ramus, and a body.
The acetabular fossa is the non-articular depressed region at the centre of the floor of the acetabulum. It is surrounded by the articular lunate surface. The floor of the fossa is formed mostly by the ischium; it is rough and thin. The space of the fossa is continuous inferiorly with the acetabular notch.
The acetabular notch is a deep notch in the inferior portion of the rim of the acetabulum. It is bridged by the transverse acetabular ligament, converting it into a foramen. It is continuous with space of the acetabular fossa. The lunate surface of acetabulum is discontinued opposite the notch.
The iliofemoral ligament is a thick and very tough triangular capsular ligament of the hip joint situated anterior to this joint. It attaches superiorly at the inferior portion of the anterior inferior iliac spine and adjacent portion of the margin of the acetabulum; it attaches inferiorly at the intertrochanteric line.
The pubofemoral ligament is a ligament which reinforces the inferior and anterior portions of the joint capsule of the hip joint. The ligament attaches superiorly at the superior ramus of pubis, and the iliopubic eminence; it attaches inferiorly at the inferior portion of the intertrochanteric line. The psoas bursa intervenes between the ligament and joint capsule.
The ischiofemoral ligament consists of a triangular band of strong fibers on the posterior side of the hip joint. It is one of the four ligaments that reinforce the hip joint. It attaches to the posterior surface of the acetabular rim and acetabular labrum, and extends around the circumference of the joint to insert on the anterior aspect of the femur. The ischiofemoral ligament limits the internal rotation and adduction of the hip when it is in a flexed position.
The ligament of the head of the femur is a weak ligament located in the hip joint. It is triangular in shape and somewhat flattened. The ligament is implanted by its apex into the anterosuperior part of the fovea capitis femoris and its base is attached by two bands, one into either side of the acetabular notch, and between these bony attachments it blends with the transverse ligament.
The glenoid labrum is a fibrocartilaginous structure attached around the rim of the glenoid cavity on the shoulder blade. The shoulder joint is considered a ball-and-socket joint. However, in bony terms the 'socket' is quite shallow and small, covering at most only a third of the 'ball'. The socket is deepened by the glenoid labrum, stabilizing the shoulder joint.
The transverse acetabular ligament bridges the acetabular notch, creating the a foramen. The ligament is one of the sites of attachment of the ligament of head of femur.
The radiate ligament of head of rib is a ligament of the costovertebral joint that typically connects the anterior edge of the head of each rib, and the side of the bodies of two adjacent vertebrae and their intervertebral discs. The ligament is formed as a thickening of the anterior portion of the joint capsule of the costovertebral joint, and thus reinforces it anteriorly.
The anterior atlantooccipital membrane is a broad, dense membrane extending between the anterior margin of the foramen magnum (superiorly), and the anterior arch of atlas (inferiorly).
A costotransverse ligament is ligament of the costotransverse joint which attaches at the neck of a rib, and at the transverse process of its corresponding vertebra. It extends posteriorly from the rib to the vertebra.
Hip arthroscopy refers to the viewing of the interior of the acetabulofemoral (hip) joint through an arthroscope and the treatment of hip pathology through a minimally invasive approach. This technique is sometimes used to help in the treatment of various joint disorders and has gained popularity because of the small incisions used and shorter recovery times when compared with conventional surgical techniques. Hip arthroscopy was not feasible until recently, new technology in both the tools used and the ability to distract the hip joint has led to a recent surge in the ability to do hip arthroscopy and the popularity of it.
The lunate surface of acetabulum is the articular surface of the acetabulum which makes contact with the femoral head as part of the hip joint. It forms an incomplete ring that is deficient inferiorly - opposite the acetabular notch. The lunate surface surrounds the central, non-articular depression - the acetabular fossa - which does not make contact with the femoral head in the articulated hip joint.
An acetabular labrum tear or hip labrum tear is a common injury of the acetabular labrum resulting from a number of causes including running, hip dislocation, and deterioration with ageing. Most are thought to result from a gradual tear due to repetitive microtrauma.
