Architecture in Omaha, Nebraska , represents a range of cultural influences and social changes occurring from the late 19th century to present.
The area comprising modern-day North Omaha is home to a variety of important examples of popular turn-of-the-20th-century architecture, ranging from Thomas Rogers Kimball's Spanish Renaissance Revival-style St. Cecilia Cathedral at 701 N. 40th Street to the Prairie School style of St. John's A.M.E. Church designed by Frederick S. Stott at 2402 N. 22nd Street. [1] A young African American architect under Kimball's guidance was Clarence W. Wigington, who designed the Broomfield Rowhouse and Zion Baptist Church. Wigington moved to St. Paul, Minnesota where he became the city's senior municipal architect. In that capacity he designed hundreds of important civic buildings throughout that city, leaving an indelible mark on architecture across the Midwestern United States. The firm of Mendelssohn, Fisher and Lawrie was very influential in early Omaha, designing dozens of significant buildings throughout the city.
Notable figures in the history of Omaha architecture include John Latenser, Sr., a Liechtenstein-born immigrant; Byron Reed and A.J. Poppleton, early real estate moguls in the city; and Thomas Rogers Kimball and his student Clarence W. Wigington. Other early architects in the city included Charles F. Beindorf, who designed the old City Hall; Frederick W. Clarke, who designed Vinton School; and Jacob Nachtigall;
Notable public architecture in Omaha | |||||
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Name | Location | Notes | |||
Fort Omaha Historic District | Italianate-style | ||||
Prettiest Mile in Omaha Boulevard | Later renamed Florence Boulevard | ||||
Kountze Park | Site of the Trans-Mississippi Exposition, all the buildings here were designed in Grecian and Roman Revival styles and were demolished soon after the event. | ||||
Technical High School | Tech was the largest school west of Chicago when it was built. | ||||
North High School | |||||
Notable commercial architecture in Omaha | |||||
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Name | Location | Notes | |||
Bank of Florence | 8502 N. 30th Street | A Greek Revival-style building built between 1850 and 1874. [2] | |||
Jewell Building | 2221-2225 N. 24th Street | A Georgian Revival-style commercial building built between 1900 and 1949. [3] | |||
Webster Telephone Exchange Building | 2213 Lake Street | A Jacobethan Revival style commercial building built in 1907. [4] | |||
Omaha Star building | A 1923 Commercial style building housing the Omaha Star since 1938. | ||||
Notable residential architecture in Omaha | |||||
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Name | Location | Notes | |||
Dr. Samuel Mercer House | 3920 Cuming Street | A Queen Anne Style house built between 1875 and 1924. | |||
George H. Kelly House | 1924 Binney Street | A Classical Revival house built between 1900 and 1924. [5] | |||
Havens-Page House | 101 N. 39th Street | A house built between 1900 and 1924 in the styles of the late 19th and 20th Century Revivals. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places. | |||
Strehlow Terrace | 2024 and 2107 N. Sixteenth Street | An apartment complex built in mixed Bungalow, American Craftsman, Classical Revival, and Prairie School styles between 1900 and 1924. | |||
Keirle House | 3017 Mormon Street | A classic box style house built in 1905. [6] | |||
Harry Buford House | 1804 North 30th Street | Built in 1929 in the Period Revival-Style. [7] | |||
John P. Bay House | 2024 Binney Street | Built in 1887 in the Queen Anne-style. [8] | |||
Joseph Garneau Jr./Thomas Kilpatrick House | 3100 Chicago Street | Built in 1890 in the Romanesque Revival style. [9] | |||
Melrose Apartments | 602 North 33rd Street | Built in 1916. | |||
Saunders School | 415 North 41st Avenue | Built in 1899 in the Neoclassical Revival-style. [10] | |||
George F. Shepard House | 1802 Wirt Street | A Queen Anne Style/Beaux Arts-style built in 1903. [11] | |||
Sherman Apartments | 2501 North 16th Street | A Neoclassical Revival-style apartment building built in 1897 located at . [12] | |||
Charles Storz House | 1901 Wirt Street | An Arts and Crafts-style home built in 1909. [13] | |||
Broomfield Rowhouse | 2502-2504 Lake Street | Designed by master architect Clarence Wigington in 1913 from Wigington's 1909 Good Housekeeping award-winning blueprints. | |||
There are several notable Christian churches in North Omaha. They include Calvin Memorial Presbyterian Church, located at 3105 North 24th Street. Formerly known at North Presbyterian Church, the City of Omaha reports, "Calvin Memorial Presbyterian Church is architecturally significant to Omaha as a fine example of the Neo-Classical Revival Style of architecture, taking formal inspiration from several buildings of the 1898 Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition that had been held nearby." [14]
Holy Family Church was built at the intersections of 18th and Izard Streets in 1883 for North Omaha's Irish immigrants. Over the years it served Czech and Italian immigrants, and today is targeted at the city's African American Catholics. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, along with St. John's African Methodist Episcopal Church.
Formed in 1880, St. John's was built in 1921 in the Prairie style. An auditorium extension was added to the building in 1947, and auxiliary rooms were finished in 1956. Designed by Omaha architect Frederick S. Stott, the building reflects a progressive attitude on the part of this black congregation at a time when traditional values in religious architecture were prevalent. [15] [16]
Notable historical architects in Omaha | |||||
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Name | Years active | Notes | |||
Thomas Rogers Kimball | 1906 to 1936 | Designed the St. Cecelia's Cathedral, Burlington Headquarters Building, Burlington Train Station, Hotel Fontenelle, Mary Rogers Kimball House , Monmouth Park School, and Nash Block | |||
Clarence W. Wigington | 1898 to 1915 in Omaha | Designed the Broomfield Rowhouse, Zion Baptist Church and others | |||
Mendelssohn, Fisher and Lawrie | 1887 to 1931 | Later known as Fisher and Lawrie. Notable designs include Broatch Building, Mason School, Minne Lusa Pumping Station, and Hicks Terrace | |||
John Latenser | 1887 to 1931 | Later known as Latenser and Sons. Notable designs include Omaha Central High School, Douglas County Courthouse and J. L. Brandeis and Sons Store | |||
John McDonald | 1887 to 1950 | Joined with son Alan McDonald until 1947. Notable designs include Joslyn Art Museum, Faidley Building (demolished), Joslyn Castle, Beth El Synagogue, Bradford-Pettis House, and Hill Hotel | |||
Former notable locations in Omaha | |||||
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Name | Location | Notes | |||
Bee Building | 17th and Farnam | Built in 1888 and demolished in 1966, along with the Old City Hall. | |||
Minne Lusa Pumping Station | Located at the Florence Waterworks | Completed in 1889, this building was demolished in 1970. | |||
Gerald R. Ford birthsite | 3202 Woolworth Avenue | Ford was born in 1913 and his mother relocated with him to another state soon after. The house was demolished in 1971. | |||
Hotel Fontenelle | 1806 Douglas Street | Designed by Thomas Rogers Kimball and built in 1914, it was demolished in 1983. | |||
Indian Hills Theater | 78th and Dodge Streets | Built in 1962, this was the largest and last Super-Cinerama in the U.S. | |||
Jefferson Square | Bounded by 15th, 16th, Farnam and Douglas Streets | Dedicated November 25, 1865, it was razed by the city March 18, 1969. The first park in Omaha, it was also the location of the first school and hot air balloon in Omaha. | |||
Jobbers Canyon | Bound by Farnam Street, South Eighth Street, Jackson Street, and South Tenth Street. | Built up from the 1860s, the entirety of the area was demolished in 1989. | |||
Krug Park | 2936 North 52nd Street | Originally opened in 1895, the amusement park was bought by Frederick Krug in 1902 and became the site of the nation's worst roller coaster accident in 1930. It was redeveloped as a traditional public park in 1955. | |||
Malcolm X birthplace | 3448 Pinkney Street | Malcolm Little was born in 1925, and his family moved away soon after. The house was demolished in 1965 before the owners knew about its connection to his life. | |||
Old Post Office | 16th and Dodge Streets | Built in 1898, the building was demolished in 1966. | |||
Old City Hall | 18th and Farnam Streets. | Completed in 1890, the building was demolished 1966. | |||
Peony Park | 78th and Cass Streets | This amusement park was opened in 1920 and demolished in 1996. | |||
Thomas Rogers Kimball was an American architect in Omaha, Nebraska. An architect-in-chief of the Trans-Mississippi Exposition in Omaha in 1898, he served as national President of the American Institute of Architects from 1918 to 1920 and from 1919 to 1932 served on the Nebraska State Capitol Commission.
Significant events in the history of North Omaha, Nebraska include the Pawnee, Otoe and Sioux nations; the African American community; Irish, Czech, and other European immigrants, and; several other populations. Several important settlements and towns were built in the area, as well as important social events that shaped the future of Omaha and the history of the nation. The timeline of North Omaha history extends to present, including recent controversy over schools.
Culture in North Omaha, Nebraska, the north end of Omaha, is defined by socioeconomic, racial, ethnic and political diversity among its residents. The neighborhood's culture is largely influenced by its predominantly African American community.
The Webster Telephone Exchange Building is located in North Omaha, Nebraska. It was designed by the well-known Omaha architect Thomas Rogers Kimball. After the Easter Sunday Tornado of 1913, the building was used as the center of recovery operations. In 1933, American Bell donated the building to the Omaha Urban League.
St. John African Methodist Episcopal Church was the first church for African Americans in Nebraska, organized in North Omaha in 1867. It is located at 2402 North 22nd Street in the Near North Side neighborhood. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The building was constructed in the center of Omaha's North Side in the Prairie School architecture style. Prairie School architecture is rare, and this architectural gem in urban Nebraska is particularly unusual for being designed and built in the 1920s, after the Prairie Style's rapid loss of popularity beginning after 1914.
The Jewell Building is a city landmark in North Omaha, Nebraska. Built in 1923, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Located at 2221 North 24th Street, the building was home to the Dreamland Ballroom for more than 40 years, and featured performances by many touring jazz and blues legends, including Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Louis Armstrong, Dizzy Gillespie, and Lionel Hampton.
Holy Family Church was built in 1883 at 1715 Izard Street, at the intersections of 18th and Izard Streets in North Omaha, Nebraska within the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Omaha. It is the oldest existing Catholic Church in Omaha, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Near North Side of Omaha, Nebraska is the neighborhood immediately north of downtown. It forms the nucleus of the city's historic African-American community, and its name is often synonymous with the entire North Omaha area. Originally established immediately after Omaha was founded in 1854, the Near North Side was once confined to the area around Dodge Street and North 7th Street. Eventually, it gravitated west and north, and today it is bordered by Cuming Street on the south, 30th on the west, 16th on the east, and Locust Street to the north. Countless momentous events in Omaha's African American community happened in the Near North Side, including the 1865 establishment of the first Black church in Omaha, St. John's AME; the 1892 election of the first African American state legislator, Dr. Matthew Ricketts; the 1897 hiring of the first Black teacher in Omaha, Ms. Lucy Gamble, the 1910 Jack Johnson riots, the Omaha race riot of 1919 that almost demolished the neighborhood and many other events.
Calvin Memorial Presbyterian Church, located at 3105 North 24th Street, was formed in 1954 as an integrated congregation in North Omaha, Nebraska. Originally called the North Presbyterian Church, the City of Omaha has reported, "Calvin Memorial Presbyterian Church is architecturally significant to Omaha as a fine example of the Neo-Classical Revival Style of architecture." It was designated a City of Omaha landmark in 1985; it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as North Presbyterian Church in 1986.
The Kountze Place neighborhood of Omaha, Nebraska is a historically significant community on the city's north end. Today the neighborhood is home to several buildings and homes listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is located between North 16th Avenue on the east to North 30th Street on the west; Locust Street on the south to Pratt Street on the north. Kountze Place was annexed into Omaha in 1887. The neighborhood was built as a suburban middle and upper middle class enclave for doctors, lawyers, successful businessmen and other professional workers.
The Notre Dame Academy and Convent is located at 3501 State Street in the Florence neighborhood on the north end of Omaha, Nebraska. It is significant for its ethnic association with the Czech population in Nebraska as the only school and convent of the Czechoslovakian School Sisters de Notre Dame in the United States. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. The groups were home to a high school for girls from 1925 through 1974.
Little Italy is a neighborhood in Omaha, Nebraska which served as the historic home to Omahans of Italian ancestry. It was the source of many laborers for the Union Pacific railroad, much of Omaha's bootlegging during Prohibition and the Santa Lucia Procession, which started in 1924 and continues annually.
African Americans in Omaha, Nebraska are central to the development and growth of the 43rd largest city in the United States. While population statistics show almost constantly increasing percentages of Black people living in the city since it was founded in 1854, Black people in Omaha have not been represented equitably in the city's political, social, cultural, economic or educational circumstances since. In the 2020s, the city's African American population is transforming the city's landscape through community investment, leadership and other initiatives.
Anna Wilson was a pioneer madam in Omaha, Nebraska. When she died she bequeathed her life savings to the City of Omaha, along with her 25-room mansion brothel, which was used as a hospital. Wilson was responsible for "establishing Omaha's first serious comfort station", and was known as the "Queen of the Underworld."
Christianity in Omaha, Nebraska has been integral to the growth and development of the city since its founding in 1854. In addition to providing Christian religious and social leadership, individually and collectively the city's churches have also led a variety of political campaigns throughout the city's history.
The Broomfield Rowhouse is located at 2502-2504 Lake Street in the Near North Side neighborhood of Omaha, Nebraska. It was designed by African American architect Clarence W. Wigington, who was later regarded as a master in his field. His design for the house won a 1909 Good Housekeeping competition. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Clarence Wesley "Cap" Wigington (1883-1967) was an American architect who grew up in Omaha, Nebraska. After winning three first prizes in charcoal, pencil, and pen and ink at an art competition during the Trans-Mississippi Exposition in 1899, Wigington went on to become a renowned architect across the Midwestern United States, at a time when African-American architects were few. Wigington was the nation's first black municipal architect, serving 34 years as senior designer for the City of Saint Paul, Minnesota's architectural office when the city had an ambitious building program. Sixty of his buildings still stand in St. Paul, with several recognized on the National Register of Historic Places. Wigington's architectural legacy is one of the most significant bodies of work by an African-American architect.
John Latenser Sr. (1858–1936) was an American architect whose influential public works in Omaha, Nebraska, numbered in the dozens. His original name was Johann Laternser.
The Omaha Public Library in Omaha, Nebraska, currently has 13 locations.