Armenian printing

Last updated
The Armenian Literary Tradition exhibit at the Library of Congress in 2012, dedicated to the 500th anniversary of Armenian printing Hay gri ts`owts`ahandes.JPG
The Armenian Literary Tradition exhibit at the Library of Congress in 2012, dedicated to the 500th anniversary of Armenian printing

After the introduction of movable printing type to Europe by Johannes Gutenberg in Germany (circa 1439), Armenians from throughout the diaspora began to publish Armenian-language books. The first book which had Armenian letters was published in Mainz (Germany) in 1486. The first Armenian book to be published by the printing press was Urbatagirq—Book of Friday prayers—which was published by Hakob Meghapart in Venice in 1512.

Contents

History

Hakob Meghapart, publisher of the first printed Armenian book. HMekhapart.jpg
Hakob Meghapart, publisher of the first printed Armenian book.
Urbatagirq, the first book printed in Armenian in 1512. Urabatagirq.jpg
Urbatagirq, the first book printed in Armenian in 1512.

In the 16th century there were published 31 books, in 17th century – 164 and in 18th there were 824 Armenian books printed.

20th century

After the sovietization of Armenia, Yerevan becoming the center of the Armenian printing, where in 1921 organized by the State Publishing House. It assumes the functions of editing and organization publications. Makes its political, artistic, scientific, publications for children with relatively large circulations. Separated from the State Publishing House publishing house “Luys” (Light), specialized mainly in the publication of textbooks. In 1964 from publishing Armenian State Publishing House (HayPetHrap) was renamed “Hayastan” (Armenia). In 1976 have been separated from the last publishing “Sovetakan Grogh” (Soviet writer), which it published in the most artistic and literary works. Academy of Science of Armenian SSR published a monograph of scientific and other research literature, and publish works of Armenian classical and scientific texts from the Matenadaran as well. Publishing house of Yerevan State University publishes textbooks, collections and scientific monographs since 1922. From this period also involved in publishing the National Library, “Gitelik” (knowledge) and several others. In 1980 have acted in Yerevan on 20 printers. From 1922 until the end of 1970 in Armenia were published about 45 thousand titles of books. In the last years of Soviet power in Armenia each year were printed about 1,100 titles. During this period, books and periodicals published in the Armenian language as in other republics of the USSR.

Since 1920 (the sovietization of Armenia) to the 1980s main centers of the Armenian printing press in the diaspora were Istanbul, Cairo and Beirut (the latter now is its main center). At this moment the Armenian Diaspora was published about 21 thousand titles. Total number of items of Armenian newspapers in 1512 and 1980, more than 80 thousand.

Armenian printing houses worldwide

The following table is a list of the Armenian printing houses from 1512 to 1800. [6]

YearPlaceBookPublisherYear
1512 Flag of the Serene Republic of Venice.svg Venice «Ուրբաթագիրք» ("Urbathagirq", "Friday Book") [2] Hakob Meghapart1512
1513 Flag of the Serene Republic of Venice.svg Venice «Պարզատումար» ("Parzatumar") [7] Hakob Meghapart1512
1513 Flag of the Serene Republic of Venice.svg Venice «Պատարագագիրք» ("Pataragagirq")Hakob Meghapart1513
1513 Flag of the Serene Republic of Venice.svg Venice «Աղթարք» ("Aghtarq")Hakob Meghapart1513
1513 Flag of the Serene Republic of Venice.svg Venice «Տաղարան» ("Tagharan") [8] Hakob Meghapart1513
1565 Flag of the Serene Republic of Venice.svg Venice «Խառնափնթուր տումարի գեղեցիկ եւ պիտանի» ("Kharnapntur tumari geghetsik yev pitani")Abgar Dpir Tokhatetsi1565
1567 Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1517).svg Constantinople «Փոքր քերականութիւն» ("Poqr qerakanutyun", "Brief Armenian Grammar")Abgar Dpir Tokhatetsi1567
1584 Flag of the Papal States (pre 1808).svg Rome «Տոմար Գրիգորեան» ("Tomar Grigorian", "Gregorian Calendar')Dominico Basa1584
1616 Choragiew krolewska krola Zygmunta III Wazy.svg Lviv «Սաղմոսարան» ("Saghmosaran", "Psalter")Yovhannes Karamatanents1616
1621 Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Milan "Dictionarium Armeno-Latinum" (Armenian-Latin Dictionary)Collegium Ambrosianum1621
1633 Royal Standard of the King of France.svg Paris «Բառգիրք Հայոց» ("Bargirq Hayots", "Dictionarium Armeno-Latinum")Antonius Vitray1633
1638 Safavid Flag.svg New Julfa «Սաղմոս ի Դավիթ» ("Saghmosaran", Psalter) Khachatur Kesaratsi of the Vank Cathedral 1638
1641 Safavid Flag.svg New Julfa «Հարանց Վարք» ("Harants Varq")Khachatur Kesaratsi of the Vank Cathedral1641
1641 Safavid Flag.svg New Julfa «Խորհրդատետր» ("Khorhrdatetr", Missal)Khachatur Kesaratsi of the Vank Cathedral1641
1642 Safavid Flag.svg New Julfa «Ժամագիրք Ատենի» ("Zhamagirq Ateni")Khachatur Kesaratsi of the Vank Cathedral1642
1644 Livorno «Գիրք եւ Սաղմոսք Դաւթի որ եւ Սաղմոսարան կոչի» ("Girq yev Saghmosq Davti vor yev Saghmosaran kochi", "Psalter")Yovhannes Jughayetsi1644
1647 Safavid Flag.svg New Julfa «Գիրք տումարաց որ եւ պարզատումար կոչի» ("Girq tumarats vor yev parzatumar kochi")Yovhannes Jughayetsi1647
1660 Statenvlag.svg Amsterdam "Visus Ordi" (Jesus the Son)Matteos Caretsi and Avetis Ghlitshents1660–1661
1672 Royal Standard of the King of France.svg Marseille «Սաղմոսարան» ("Saghmosaran", "Psalter")Oskan Yerevantsi1672
1676 Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1517).svg Smyrna «Մաշտոց» ("Mashtots", "Ritual")N/A1676
1680 Flag of Electoral Saxony.svg Leipzig "Obadias Armenus" ("Armeno-Latin")Justinus Brand1680
1690 Flag of the Serene Republic of Venice.svg Padua «Դաշանց թուղթ» ("Dashnats tught", "Lettera dell amicitia")Timoteos Garnuk1690
1736 Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg London Movses Khorenatsi,
«Պատմություն» ("Patmutyun", "History") (Mosis Chorenensis, Historiae Armeniacae) Armenian and Latin
William and George Whiston1736
1771 Zand Dynasty flag.svg Vagharshapat «Սաղմոսարան» ("Saghmosaran", "Psalter")St. Gregory the Illuminator Press1772
1776 Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor without haloes (1400-1806).svg Trieste «Աղօթք Յուսկան» ("Aghot Yuskan", Prayer of our Holy Hierarch Yusik)Mkhitarist Press1774
1781 Flag of Russia.svg Saint Petersburg «Ժամագիրք» ("Zhamagirq", "Breviary")Grigor Khaldareants1783
1786 Flag of Russia.svg Nakhichevan-on-Don «Սաղմոսարան» ("Saghmosaran", "Psalter")Holy Cross Monastery Press1790
1796 Flag of Russia.svg Astrakhan «Հրովարտակ» ("Hrovartak", "Decree")Arghuteants press1796
1796 Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg Calcutta «Վիճաբանութիւն ար շահ Սլեմանն պարսից»
("Vitsabanuthyun ar sah Slemann parsits", "Dispute Before the Persian Sah Suleyman")
Hovsep Stepanosyan1797
1810 Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg Bombay
1812 Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor without haloes (1400-1806).svg Vienna
1820 Flag of Russia.svg Moscow
1823 Flag of Russia.svg Tiflis
1828 Flag of Russia.svg Shusha
1833 Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1517).svg Jerusalem
1848 Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg Bahçecik
1856 Flag of Russia.svg Shamakhi
1857 Flag of the United States (1851-1858).svg New York City
1858 Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg Van
1859 Romanov Flag.svg Feodosiya, Crimea
1863 Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg Muş
1863 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Manchester
1865 Flag of Egypt (1793-1844).svg Cairo
1871 Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg Sivas
1872 Romanov Flag.svg Baku
1874 Romanov Flag.svg Elisabethpol
1875 Romanov Flag.svg Rostov-on-Don
1876 Romanov Flag.svg Erivan
1877 Romanov Flag.svg Alexandrapol
1877 Flag of Romania.svg Focşani
1883 Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg Tokat
1884 Flag of Bulgaria.svg Varna
1888 Flag of Egypt (1882-1922).svg Alexandria
1888 Flag of Russia.svg Akhaltsikh
1889 Amir Kabir Flag.svg Tabriz
1890 Flag of Russia.svg Nor Bayazet
1891 Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Geneva
1891 Flag of Bulgaria.svg Rousse
1892 Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg Athens
1894 Amir Kabir Flag.svg Tehran
1899 Flag of the United States (1896-1908).svg Boston

See also

Related Research Articles

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1512.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Levon Ter-Petrosyan</span> President of Armenia from 1991 to 1998

Levon Hakobi Ter-Petrosyan, also known by his initials LTP, is an Armenian politician and historian who served as the first president of Armenia from 1991 until his resignation in 1998.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Etchmiadzin Cathedral</span> Cultural heritage monument of Armenia

Etchmiadzin Cathedral is the mother church of the Armenian Apostolic Church, located in the city dually known as Etchmiadzin (Ejmiatsin) or Vagharshapat, Armenia. It is usually considered the first cathedral built in ancient Armenia, and often regarded the oldest cathedral in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yerevan State University</span> Public university in Armenia

Yerevan State University, also simply University of Yerevan, is the oldest continuously operating public university in Armenia. Founded in 1919, it is the largest university in the country. It is thus informally known as Armenia's "mother university". Of its 3,150 employees, 1,190 comprise the teaching staff, which includes 25 academicians, 130 professors, 700 docents, and 360 assistant lecturers. The university has 400 researchers, 1,350 post-graduate students, and 8,500 undergraduates, including 300 students from abroad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Matenadaran</span> Art museum, archive, research institute in Yerevan, Armenia

The Matenadaran, officially the Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, is a museum, repository of manuscripts, and a research institute in Yerevan, Armenia. It is the world's largest repository of Armenian manuscripts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hakob Sanasaryan</span> Armenian environmentalist

Hakob Sanasaryan is a leading Armenian environmental activist, author and biochemist, the cofounder of the one of the first environmentalist groups in the former Soviet Union: Goyapahpanutyun in 1985. This group was later in 1989 coined in the press as the Greens Union of Armenia (GUA). Hakob Sanasaryan is to this day the president of the GUA.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tsitsernakaberd</span> Memorial complex dedicated to the victims of the Armenian genocide

The Armenian Genocide Memorial complex is Armenia's official memorial dedicated to the victims of the Armenian genocide, built in 1967 on the hill of Tsitsernakaberd in Yerevan. Every year on 24 April, the Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day, thousands of Armenians gather at the memorial to commemorate the victims of the genocide. The people who gather in Tsiternakaberd lay fresh flowers out of respect for all the people who died in the Armenian genocide. Over the years, from around the world, a wide range of politicians, artists, musicians, athletes, and religious figures have visited the memorial.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Library of Armenia</span>

The National Library of Armenia is a national public library in Yerevan, Armenia. It was founded in 1832 as part of the state gymnasium-school of Yerevan. It is the official cultural repository for the entire republic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armenia–Egypt relations</span> Bilateral relations

Foreign relations exist between Armenia and Egypt. Egypt was one of the first countries in the Arab world which recognized the independent Armenia in 1991. In March 1992, the diplomatic relations were established between the two countries. In May 1992, the first diplomatic mission of Armenia in the Arab East was inaugurated in Cairo. Egypt has an embassy in Yerevan.

Aram Ter-Ghevondyan was an Armenian historian and scholar who specialized in the study of historical sources and medieval Armenia's relations with the Islamic world and Oriental studies. His seminal work, The Arab Emirates in Bagratuni Armenia, is an important study on the Bagratuni Kingdom of Armenia. From 1981 until his death, Ter-Ghevondyan headed the Institute of Oriental Studies at the Armenian Academy of Sciences and he additionally held an honorary doctorate from the University of Aleppo and was an associate member of the Tiberian Academy of Rome.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hakob Meghapart</span>

Hakob Meghapart, was the first Armenian printer, the originator of printing in Armenia. His activities were developed in Venice in the beginning of the 16th century. In 1512-1513 his publishing house gave birth to the following publications:

<i>Urbatagirk</i> Book by Hakob Meghapart

Urbatagirk or "The Book of Friday" was the first printed book in the Armenian language. It was printed in Venice (Italy) in 1512 by Hakob Meghapart. Its content was partly religious, partly secular, consisting of cures and prayers for the sick, ancient writings, myths, long quotations from Grigor Narekatsi's Book of Lamentations, the Prayer of Cyprianos of Antioch, the story of the Virgin and Justinian, etc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Voskan Yerevantsi</span>

Voskan Yerevantsi was one of the first Armenian book publishers during the years 1640–1666. He published the Bible in Amsterdam on October 13, 1668, which is believed to be one of the best samples of old Armenian printing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hakob Manandian</span>

Hakob Hamazaspi Manandian was an Armenian historian, philologist, and member of the Academy of Sciences of Armenia (1943) and the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1939).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shahamir Shahamirian</span>

Shahamir Shahamirian was an 18th-century Armenian writer, philosopher, and wealthy merchant in Madras. Born in New Julfa, Iran, he moved to India where he became an affluent merchant and an active member of the Armenian community of Madras. In 1771, Shahamirian and his collaborators founded the first Armenian printing press in Madras. In 1787/88, Shahamirian published Vorogayt Parats, which contained a proposed constitution for a future independent Armenian republic. He is thus regarded as the author of the first Armenian constitution.

Parzatumar is a Classical Armenian book. It is the second published book in the Armenian language. The book was written by Hakob Meghapart in 1513. It is a liturgical calendar and a synaxaria.

<i>Azg</i> (daily)

Azg is a daily newspaper published in Yerevan, Armenia since 1991. Its founder and editor-in-chief was the veteran Lebanese-born Ramkavar activist Hakob Avedikian. who in the 1980s had served as the editor-in-chief of the Ramgavar party's Zartonk daily in Lebanon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Modern Art Museum of Yerevan</span> Contemporary art museum in Yerevan, Armenia

The Modern Art Museum of Yerevan is an art museum in Yerevan, Armenia. It is located on Mashtots Avenue at the central Kentron District of the capital city of Armenia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Verjine Svazlian</span>

Verjine Svazlian is an Armenian ethnographer and folklorist, historian, genocide scholar, Leading Researcher at the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of NAS RA, Doctor of Philology, Professor. Honoured Scientists of the Armenia (2016). Svazlian saved from a total loss the various folklore relics communicated, in different dialects, by the Armenians forcibly exiled from Western Armenia, Cilicia and Anatolia to the various countries of the world and finally repatriated to Armenia.

<i>Snare of Glory</i> 18th-century Armenian political text

A Book Called Snare of Glory or Vorogayt Parats is an Armenian legal and political work by the eighteenth-century Armenian merchant and intellectual Shahamir Shahamirian and his son Hakob Shahamirian. It contains a proposed constitution for a future independent Armenian state along parliamentary and republican lines. It was published at the author's printing press in Madras sometime between 1787 and 1789, although its title page lists the publication date as 1773. It is regarded as a landmark in Armenian intellectual and literary history and one of the earliest and most significant expressions of the ideals of the Enlightenment in the Armenian context. It has also been called the first constitution in Asia.

References

  1. Hakob Meghapart project Archived July 15, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  2. 1 2 "The Book of Fridays". World Digital Library . 1512. Retrieved 2013-06-01.
  3. Hakob Meghapart project Archived May 31, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  4. "Վաղարշապատ". Archived from the original on 2010-02-26. Retrieved 2009-09-08.
  5. "HyeEtch - Arts & Culture: The Art of The Book, page 1". Archived from the original on 2009-09-12. Retrieved 2009-09-08.
  6. Albert Parsadanyan. Intelligence Warehouse-5. VMV-Print, Yerevan, 2007, p. 28
  7. "Armenian Liturgical Calendar". World Digital Library . 1513. Retrieved 2013-06-01.
  8. "Song Book by Hakob Meghapart". World Digital Library . 1513. Retrieved 2013-06-01.