Census in Armenia is a population census conducted in Armenia about every 10 years with the purpose of capturing exact data on demographics in the country.
While Armenians formed a consistent majority, Azerbaijanis were historically the second largest population in the republic under Soviet rule (forming about 2.5% in 1989 [1] ). However, due to hostilities with neighboring Azerbaijan over the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh virtually all Azeris emigrated from Armenia. Conversely, Armenia received a large influx of Armenian refugees from Azerbaijan, thus giving Armenia a more homogeneous character. This forceful population exchange also affected the Christian Udi people of Azerbaijan, many of whom were perceived as Armenians due to close cultural ties between both peoples. [2] The number of Udis residing in Armenia has increased from 19 in 1989 [1] to about 200 by 2006. [2]
Additionally since independence, several other ethnic groups have emigrated especially Russians (who decreased from 51,555 persons in 1989 [1] to 14,660 in 2001 [3] ), Ukrainians (8,341 in 1989 [1] to 1,633 in 2001 [3] ), Greeks (4,650 in 1989 [1] to 1,176 in 2001 [3] ), and Belarusians (1,061 in 1989 [1] to 160 in 2001 [4] ). The numbers of Yazidis, Kurds, and Assyrians have remained consistent for the most part (though approximately 2,000 Assyrians have left Armenia between 1989 [1] and 2001 [3] ). Although Georgians were historically counted among the largest ethnic groups in modern Armenia, their numbers have dropped substantially since the 1989 Soviet census when they numbered 1,364 persons. [1]
| Year | Total | Armenians | Tatars | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1831 [5] [6] | 161,747 | 110,671 (68.4%) | 50,274 (31.1%) | 802 (0.5%) |
| 1873 [5] | 496,140  | 329,266 (66.4%)  | 132,125 (26.6%) | 34,749 (7.0%) |
| 1886 [5] | 635,833 | 430,865 (67.8%) | 160,963 (25.3%) | 44,005 (6.9%) |
| 1897 [5] [6] | 797,853 | 510,855 (64.0%) | 240,323 (30.1%) | 46,675 (5.9%) |
| Year | Total | Urban | Rural | Armenians | Azerbaijanis | Russians | Yazidis/Kurds | Ukrainians | Assyrians | Greeks | Georgians | Belarusians | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1922 [5] [ better source needed ] | 782,052 | 91,298 (11.7%) | 690,754 (88.3%) | 671,279 (85.8%) | 77,767 (9.9%) | 33,006 (4.2%) | |||||||
| 1926 [7] | 878,929 | 165,908 (18.8%) | 713,021 (81.1%) | 743,571 (84.5%) | 83,181 (9.4%) | 19,548 (2.2%) | 15,2621 (1.7%) | 2,826 (0.3%) | 2,215 (0.3%) | 2,980 (0.3%) | 274 (0.03%) | 360 (0.04%) | 10,927 (1.2%) |
| 1939 [8] | 1,282,338 | N/A | N/A | 1,061,997 (82.8%) | 130,896 (10.2%) | 51,464 (4%) | 20,481 (1.5%) | 5,496 (0.4%) | 3,280 (0.2%) | 4,181 (0.3%)  | 652 (0.05%) | 458 (0.03%) | 3,433 (0.2%) |
| 1959 [9] | 1,763,048 | N/A | N/A | 1,551,610 (88%) | 107,748 (6.1%) | 56,477 (3.2%) | 25,627 (1.4%) | 5,593 (0.3%) | 4,326 (0.2%) | 4,976 (0.2%) | 816 (0.04%) | 805 (0.04%) | 9,396 (0.5%) |
| 1970 [10] | 2,491,873 | 1,481,532 (59.4%) | 1,010,341 (40.5%) | 2,208,327 (88.6%) | 148,189 (5.9%) | 66,108 (2.6%) | 37,486 (1.5%) | 8,390 (0.3%) | 5,544 (0.2%) | 5,690 (0.2%) | 1,439 (0.05%) | 1,179 (0.04%) | 9,521 (0.3%) |
| 1979 [11] | 3,037,259 | 1,992,539 (65.7%) | 1,038,208 (34.3%) | 2,724,975 (89.7%) | 160,841 (5.2%) | 70,336 (2.3%) | 50,822 (1.6%) | 8,900 (0.2%) | 6,183 (0.2%) | 5,653 (0.1%) | 1,314 (0.04%) | 1,183 (0.03%) | 7,052 (0.2%) |
| 1989 [1] | 3,304,776 | 2,229,540 (67.8%) | 1,058,137 (32.2%) | 3,083,616 (93.3%) | 84,860 (2.5%) | 51,555 (1.5%) | 56,127 (1.6%) | 8,341 (0.2%) | 5,963 (0.1%) | 4,650 (0.1%) | 1,364 (0.04%) | 1,061 (0.03%) | 7,239 (0.2%) |
1Includes numbers of both Yazidi and Kurdish populations which were counted separately in the 1926 census but were combined in subsequent censuses.
 | This section needs to be updated.(January 2024) |
The first census in Armenia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union was conducted by the Government of Armenia's National Statistical Service during the period of October 10–19, 2001. The census night was October 10. The National Assembly adopted the law "On Census" in 1999, but the government lacked the necessary funds to carry out the count immediately. According to Armenian law, a census must take place every 10 years.
| Year | Total | Urban | Rural | Armenians | Yazidis | Russians | Assyrians | Ukrainians | Kurds | Greeks | Persians | Georgians | Indians | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 [3] | 3,213,011 | 2,066,153 (64.3%) | 1,146,858 (35.7%) | 3,145,354 (97.9%) | 40,620 (1.2%) | 14,660 (0.4%) | 3,409 (0.1%) | 1,633 (0.05%) | 1,519 (0.04%) | 1,176 (0.03%) | - | - | - | 4,640 (0.1%) |
| 2011 [12] | 3,018,854 | 1,911,287 (63.3%) | 1,107,567 (36.7%) | 2,961,801 (98.1%) | 35,308 (1.1%) | 11,911 (0.3%) | 2,769 (0.09%) | 1,176 (0.03%) | 2,162 (0.07%) | 900 (0.02%) | 476 (0.02%) | 617 (0.02%) | - | 1,634 (0.06%) |
| 2022 [13] | 2,932,731 | 1,871,913 (63.83%) | 1,060,818 (36.17%) | 2,875,697 (98.05%) | 31,079 (1.05%) | 14,076 (0.47%) | 2,755 (0.09%) | 1,005 (0.03%) | 1,663 (0.06%) | 900 (0.02%) | 434 (0.01%) | 222 (0.01%) | 593 (0.02%) | 4,298 (0.15%) |
After registering steady increases during the Soviet period, the population of Armenia declined from its peak value of 3.633 million in 1992 to 2.986 million in 2017.
The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and West Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, which are sometimes collectively known as the Caucasian States. The total area of these countries measures about 186,100 square kilometres. The South Caucasus and the North Caucasus together comprise the larger Caucasus geographical region that divides Eurasia.
The peoples of the Caucasus, or Caucasians, are a diverse group comprising more than 50 ethnic groups throughout the Caucasus.
The Kurdish population is estimated to be between 30 and 45 million. Most Kurdish people live in Kurdistan, which today is split between Iranian Kurdistan, Iraqi Kurdistan, Turkish Kurdistan, and Syrian Kurdistan.
Udis are a native people of the Caucasus that currently live mainly in Russia and Azerbaijan, with smaller populations in Georgia, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, and other countries. Their total number is about 10,000 people. They speak the Udi language, which belongs to the Northeast Caucasian language family. Some also speak Azerbaijani, Russian, Georgian, or Armenian, depending on where they reside. Their religion is Christianity.
As of 2011, most Armenians in Armenia are Christians (97%) and are members of the Armenian Apostolic Church, which is one of the oldest Christian churches. It was founded in the 1st century AD, and in 301 AD became the first branch of Christianity to become a state religion.
Yazidis in Armenia are Yazidis who live in Armenia, where they form the largest ethnic minority. Yazidis settled in the territory of modern-day Armenia mainly in the 19th and early 20th centuries, fleeing religious persecution by the Ottoman Empire. While Yazidis were counted as Kurds in censuses for much of the Soviet period, they are currently recognized as a separate ethnic group in Armenia. According to the 2011 census, around 35,000 Yazidis live in Armenia.
Assyrians in Armenia make up the country's third largest ethnic minority, after Yazidis and Russians. According to the 2011 census, there are 2,769 Assyrians living in Armenia, and Armenia is home to some of the last surviving Assyrian communities in the Caucasus. There were 6,000 Assyrians in Armenia before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, but because of Armenia's struggling economy during the 1990s, the population has been cut by half, as many have emigrated.
Armenia is located in the Caucasus region of south-eastern Europe. Armenian is the official language in Armenia and is spoken as a first language by the majority of its population. Armenian is a pluricentric language with two modern standardized forms: Eastern Armenian and Western Armenian. Armenia's constitution does not specify the linguistic standard. In practice, the Eastern Armenian language dominates government, business, and everyday life in Armenia.
The population of Armenia includes various significant minority ethnic groups.
The Kurds in Armenia, also referred to as the Kurds of Rewan, form a major part of the historically significant Kurdish population in the post-Soviet space, and live mainly in the western parts of Armenia.
Azerbaijanis in Armenia numbered 29 people according to the 2001 census of Armenia. Although they have previously been the biggest minority in the country according to 1831–1989 censuses, they are virtually non-existent since 1988–1991 when most fled or were forced out of the country as a result of the tensions of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War to neighboring Azerbaijan. The UNHCR estimates that the current population of Azerbaijanis in Armenia to be somewhere between 30 and a few hundred people, with most of them living in rural areas as members of mixed couples, as well as elderly or sick. Most of them are reported to have changed their names to maintain a low profile to avoid discrimination.
Demographic features of the population of Artsakh include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects.
The Kurds in Azerbaijan form a part of the historically significant Kurdish population in the post-Soviet space. Kurds established a presence in the Caucasus with the establishment of the Kurdish Shaddadid dynasty in the 10th and 11th centuries. Some Kurdish tribes were recorded in Karabakh by the end of the sixteenth century. However, virtually the entire contemporary Kurdish population in the modern Azerbaijan descends from migrants from 19th-century Qajar Iran.
The Kurds in Georgia form a major part of the historically significant Kurdish population in the post-Soviet space, and are members of the eponymous ethnic group that are citizens of Georgia. In the 20th century, most Kurds fled religious persecution in the Ottoman Empire to the Russian Empire. The return of their Kurdish surnames needs effort according to a Kurdish activist in Georgia. The Kurds also have their own schools, school books and a printing press in Georgia. Illiteracy among them disappeared in the early 1900s. Kurds in Georgia are politically neutral; however, in 1999 they staged a huge demonstration in Tbilisi, demanding the release of the founder of the Kurdistan Workers' Party, Abdullah Öcalan. Kurds in Georgia today use Cyrillic script. Earlier, in the 1920s, they used the Latin script.
Kurds in Russia form a major part of the historically significant Kurdish population in the post-Soviet space, with close ties to the Kurdish communities in the Caucasus and Central Asia.
The Kurds in Ukraine form a part of the historically significant Kurdish population in the post-Soviet space, and are located mainly in the southern and eastern parts of the country. They descend from migrants and refugees from the Caucasus and have had a presence in Ukraine since the early 20th century.
Accurate or reliable data for historical populations of Armenians is scarce, but scholars and institutions have proposed estimates for different periods.
The Noyemberyan District was a raion (district) of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1937 to 1991 and of the Republic of Armenia from 1991 to 1995. It now constitutes the northeastern part of the Tavush Province (marz) of Armenia. Its administrative center was the town of the same name.
Caucasian Kurds are ethnic Kurds which come from or live in the region of the Caucasus. The first Kurdish presence in the Caucasus region can be traced back to the middle of the 10th Century. Some groups of Caucasian Kurds were deported to Central Asia in 1937, 1938, and 1944 by the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin, with most of their descendants now residing in Kazakhstan. The total number of Caucasian Kurds inside and outside the Caucasus region is unknown.
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