Artemisia vulgaris

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Artemisia vulgaris
ArtemisiaVulgaris.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Artemisia
Species:
A. vulgaris
Binomial name
Artemisia vulgaris
L. 1753 not C.B. Clarke 1882 nor Mattf. 1926
Synonyms [1]
Synonymy
  • Absinthium spicatum(Wulfen ex Jacq.) Baumg.
  • Artemisia affinisHassk.
  • Artemisia apetalahort.pest. ex Steud.
  • Artemisia cannabifoliaH.Lév.
  • Artemisia coarctataForselles
  • Artemisia discolorDouglas ex DC.
  • Artemisia eriophoraLedeb.
  • Artemisia flodmaniiRydb.
  • Artemisia glabrataDC.
  • Artemisia heribaudii(Sennen) Sennen
  • Artemisia heyneanaWall.
  • Artemisia hispanicaStechm. ex Besser
  • Artemisia javanicaPamp.
  • Artemisia leptophyllaD.Don
  • Artemisia leptostachyaD.Don
  • Artemisia leucophylla(Ledeb.) Turcz. ex Pavlov 1929 not C.B. Clarke 1876
  • Artemisia longifloraPamp.
  • Artemisia ludovicianaBesser 1834 not Nutt. 1818
  • Artemisia michauxiiBesser
  • Artemisia officinalisGaterau
  • Artemisia opulentaPamp.
  • Artemisia paniculiformisDC.
  • Artemisia parvifloraWight
  • Artemisia rubrifloraTurcz. ex Besser
  • Artemisia ruderalisSalisb.
  • Artemisia samamisicaBesser
  • Artemisia selengensisTurcz. ex Besser
  • Artemisia superbaPamp
  • Artemisia tongtchouanensisH.Lév.
  • Artemisia violaceaDesf.
  • Artemisia virensMoench
  • Artemisia vulgarisBurm.f. 1768 not L. 1753
  • Artemisia wallichianaBesser

Artemisia vulgaris, the common mugwort, [2] is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. It is one of several species in the genus Artemisia commonly known as mugwort, although Artemisia vulgaris is the species most often called mugwort. It is also occasionally known as riverside wormwood, [3] felon herb, chrysanthemum weed, wild wormwood, old Uncle Henry, sailor's tobacco, naughty man, old man, or St. John's plant (not to be confused with St. John's wort). [4] Mugworts have been used medicinally and as culinary herbs.

Contents

Distribution

A. vulgaris is native to temperate Europe, Asia, North Africa, and Alaska, and is naturalized in North America, [5] where some consider it an invasive weed. It is a very common plant growing on low-nitrogen soils, such as waste places, roadsides and other weedy and uncultivated areas. [6]

Uses

Traditionally, it has been used as one of the flavoring and bittering agents of gruit ales, a type of unhopped, fermented grain beverage. In Vietnam as well as in Germany, mugwort is used in cooking as an aromatic herb.

In China, the crunchy stalks of young shoots of A. vulgaris, known as luhao (Chinese :芦蒿; pinyin :lúhāo), are a seasonal vegetable often used in stir fries. [7]

In Nepal, the plant is also called titepati (tite meaning bitter, pati meaning leaf) and is used as an offering to the gods, for cleansing the environment (by sweeping floors or hanging a bundle outside the home), as incense, and also as a medicinal plant. [8]

The dried leaves are often smoked or drunk as a tea to promote lucid dreaming. This supposed oneirogenic effect is reported to be due to the thujone contained in the plant. [9] [10]

Description

A. vulgaris is a tall, herbaceous, perennial plant growing 1–2 m (3 ft 3 in – 6 ft 7 in) (rarely 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)) tall, with an extensive rhizome system. Rather than depending on seed dispersal, it spreads through vegetative expansion and the anthropogenic dispersal of root rhizome fragments. [11] The leaves are 5–20 cm (2–8 in) long, dark green, pinnate, and sessile, with dense, white, tomentose hairs on the underside. The erect stems are grooved and often have a red-purplish tinge. The Ukrainian name for mugwort, чорнобиль (chernobyl) transliterates as "black stalk", and the Ukrainian city of Chernobyl gets its name from the plant. The small yellow or brown rayless [12] flower heads are 5 mm (316 in) long, radially symmetrical and arranged in racemose panicles. The outer flowers in each capitulum are female and the inner ones bisexual. [13] It flowers from midsummer to early autumn. [14]

Several species of Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) such as Ostrinia scapulalis feed on the leaves and flowers of the plant. [15]

Pharmacological properties

Historically, A. vulgaris was referred to as the "mother of herbs" and has been widely used in the traditional Chinese, European, and Hindu medicine. It possesses a wide range of supposed pharmacological uses, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antispasmolytic, antinociceptive, antibacterial, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, and antifungal properties. [16]

Phytochemical constituents

A. vulgaris houses a variety of phytochemicals which are responsible for its pharmacological properties. The phytochemicals belong to classes including flavonoids, essential oils, phenolic acids, coumarins, sterols, carotenoids, vitamins, and sesquiterpene lactones, among many others. [17] Examples of the phytochemicals include vulgarin, artemisinin, scopoletin, camphene, camphor, sabinene, and some derivatives of quercetin and kaempferol. [16] [17]

Upper side of A. vulgaris leaf Artemia vulgaris leaf.jpg
Upper side of A. vulgaris leaf
Lower side of leaf Artemisia vulgaris lower side of leaf.jpg
Lower side of leaf

Related Research Articles

<i>Artemisia</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae

Artemisia is a large, diverse genus of plants belonging to the daisy family Asteraceae, with between 200 and 400 species. Common names for various species in the genus include mugwort, wormwood, and sagebrush.

<i>Aegopodium podagraria</i> Species of flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae

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<i>Artemisia annua</i> Herb known as sweet wormwood used to treat malaria

Artemisia annua, also known as sweet wormwood, sweet annie, sweet sagewort, annual mugwort or annual wormwood, is a common type of wormwood native to temperate Asia, but naturalized in many countries including scattered parts of North America.

<i>Artemisia absinthium</i> Species of plant

Artemisia absinthium, otherwise known as common wormwood, is a species of Artemisia native to North Africa and temperate regions of Eurasia, and widely naturalized in Canada and the northern United States. It is grown as an ornamental plant and is used as an ingredient in the spirit absinthe and some other alcoholic beverages.

<i>Artemisia abrotanum</i> Species of flowering plant

Artemisia abrotanum, the southernwood, lad's love, or southern wormwood, is a species of flowering plant in the sunflower family. It is native to Eurasia and Africa but naturalized in scattered locations in North America. Other common names include: old man, boy's love, oldman wormwood, lover's plant, appleringie, garderobe, Our Lord's wood, maid's ruin, garden sagebrush, European sage, sitherwood and lemon plant.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mugwort</span> Genus of flowering plants used as herbs

Mugwort or biboz is a common name for several species of aromatic flowering plants in the genus Artemisia. In Europe, mugwort most often refers to the species Artemisia vulgaris, or common mugwort. In East Asia the species Artemisia argyi is often called "Chinese mugwort" in the context of traditional Chinese medicine, Ngai Chou in Cantonese or àicǎo (艾草) in Mandarin. Artemisia princeps is a mugwort known in Korea as ssuk (쑥) and in Japan as yomogi (ヨモギ). While other species are sometimes referred to by more specific common names, they may be called simply "mugwort" in many contexts.

<i>Artemisia douglasiana</i> Species of flowering plant

Artemisia douglasiana, known as California mugwort, Douglas's sagewort, or dream plant, is a western North American species of aromatic herb in the sunflower family.

<i>Prunella vulgaris</i> Species of flowering plant

Prunella vulgaris, the common self-heal, heal-all, woundwort, heart-of-the-earth, carpenter's herb, brownwort or blue curls, is an herbaceous plant in the mint family Lamiaceae.

<i>Artemisia princeps</i> Species of plant

Artemisia princeps, also commonly called yomogi, Japanese mugwort, Korean wormwood, Korean mugwort or wormwood in English, is an Asian plant species in the sunflower family, native to China, Japan and Korea. It is a perennial, very vigorous plant that grows to 1.2 meters. This species spreads rapidly by means of underground stolons and can become invasive. It bears small, buff-colored flowers from July to November which are hermaphroditic, and pollinated by wind. The leaves are feather shaped, scalloped and light green, with white dense fuzz on the underside.

<i>Lysimachia vulgaris</i> Species of flowering plant in the primrose family Primulaceae

Lysimachia vulgaris, the yellow loosestrife or garden loosestrife, is a species of herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Primulaceae. It was transferred to Myrsinoideae based on results of molecular phylogenetic research before being merged into the Primulaceae.

<i>Artemisia ludoviciana</i> Species of plant

Artemisia ludoviciana is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae, known by several common names, including silver wormwood, western mugwort, Louisiana wormwood, white sagebrush, lobed cud-weed, prairie sage, and gray sagewort.

<i>Artemisia biennis</i> Species of flowering plant

Artemisia biennis is a species of sagebrush known by the common name biennial wormwood. It is a common and widely distributed weed, so well established in many places that its region of origin is difficult to ascertain. This species is most likely native to northwestern North America and naturalized in Western Europe, and eastern and southern North America.

<i>Artemisia michauxiana</i> Species of flowering plant

Artemisia michauxiana is a North American species of wormwood in the sunflower family. It is known by the common names Michaux's wormwood and lemon sagewort. It is native to the western United States and Canada. It grows in mountain talus habitats in subalpine to alpine climates.

<i>Artemisia suksdorfii</i> Species of flowering plant

Artemisia suksdorfii is a North American species of sagebrush in the sunflower family. It is known by the common names coastal mugwort, coastal wormwood, and Suksdorf sagewort. It is native to coastal regions from British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and northern California as far south as Sonoma County, with isolated populations on Santa Catalina Island in Los Angeles County.

<i>Artemisia argyi</i> Species of mugwort daisy

Artemisia argyi, commonly known as silvery wormwood or Chinese mugwort, is a herbaceous perennial plant with a creeping rhizome. It is native to China, Korea, Mongolia, Japan, and the Russian Far East. It is known in Chinese as àicǎo or ài yè or ài hao, in Japanese as Chōsen yomogi and in Korean as Hwanghae ssuk. It is used in herbal medicine for conditions of the liver, spleen and kidney.

<i>Artemisia norvegica</i> Species of flowering plant

Artemisia norvegica is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names alpine sagewort, boreal sagewort, mountain sagewort, Norwegian mugwort, arctic wormwood, and spruce wormwood. It is found in cold locations in Eurasia and high altitudes and high latitudes in North America.

Artemisia porteri is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names Porter's sagebrush, Porter's wormwood, and Porter mugwort. It is endemic to Wyoming in the United States, where it is known from Fremont, Johnson and Natrona Counties.

<i>Artemisia tilesii</i> Species of flowering plant

Artemisia tilesii is an Asian and North American species of flowering plant in the aster family. Its common names include Tilesius' wormwood, Aleutian mugwort, and stinkweed. It is native to Russia, Japan, and northern North America.

References

  1. The Plant List, Artemisia vulgaris L.
  2. BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  3. English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 361. ISBN   978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017 via Korea Forest Service.
  4. "Ohio Perennial and Biennial Weed Guide: Mugwort Artemisia vulgaris". Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University. Archived from the original on 19 May 2011.
  5. "Plants profile for Artemisia vulgaris (common wormwood)". PLANTS USDA.gov.
  6. Barney, J. N.; DiTommaso, A. (2002). "The biology of Canadian weeds. 118. Artemisia vulgaris L." Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 83 (1): 205–215. doi: 10.4141/P01-098 .
  7. "Information Officee of Shanghai Municipality". Archived from the original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
  8. Rysdyk, Evelyn C. (19 February 2019). The Nepalese Shamanic Path: Practices for Negotiating the Spirit World. Simon and Schuster. ISBN   978-1-62055-795-2.
  9. Szaro, Melissa (4 December 2020). "How to Use Mugwort for Dreams, Sleep, and More". Herbal Academy. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  10. "Oneirogens - BurnZero". burnzero.com. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  11. New York Invasive Species Information. "Mugwort". nyis.info. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  12. Blamey, M.; Fitter, R.; Fitter, A (2003). Wild flowers of Britain and Ireland: The Complete Guide to the British and Irish Flora. London: A & C Black. p. 284. ISBN   978-1408179505.
  13. Stace, C. A. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles (Fourth ed.). Middlewood Green, Suffolk, U.K.: C & M Floristics. p. 790. ISBN   978-1-5272-2630-2.
  14. Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. Webb's An Irish Flora. Cork University Press. ISBN   978-185918-4783
  15. Calcagno, Vincent; Bonhomme, Vincent; Thomas, Yan; Singer, Michael C.; Bourguet, Denis (7 September 2010). "Divergence in behaviour between the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis , and its sibling species Ostrinia scapulalis : adaptation to human harvesting?". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 277 (1694): 2703–2709. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0433. PMC   2982046 . PMID   20410041.
  16. 1 2 Ekiert, Halina; Pajor, Joanna; Klin, Paweł; Rzepiela, Agnieszka; Ślesak, Halina; Szopa, Agnieszka (25 September 2020). "Significance of Artemisia Vulgaris L. (Common Mugwort) in the History of Medicine and Its Possible Contemporary Applications Substantiated by Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies". Molecules. 25 (19): 4415. doi: 10.3390/molecules25194415 . ISSN   1420-3049. PMC   7583039 . PMID   32992959.
  17. 1 2 Thangjam, Nurpen Meitei; Taijong, Jasmina; Kumar, Awadhesh (9 November 2020). "Phytochemical and pharmacological activities of methanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris L. leaves". Clinical Phytoscience. 6 (1): 72. doi: 10.1186/s40816-020-00214-8 . ISSN   2199-1197. S2CID   226279550.