Aston Rowant National Nature Reserve

Aston Rowant

Site of Special Scientific Interest
Aston Rowant NNR view from Chiltern Chalk escarpment in the reserve over Oxford Clay plain, looking west
Location	Oxfordshire Buckinghamshire
Grid reference	SU728972
Interest	Biological
Area	128.5 hectares (318 acres)
Notification	1988
Location map	Magic Map

Aston Rowant National Nature Reserve is located on the north-west escarpment of the Chiltern Hills, in the Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. ^[1] It has an area of 159.1 hectares (393 acres), ^[2] and most of it is a 128.5 hectares (318 acres) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest. ^{[3] [4]} It is listed as a Grade 1 site in A Nature Conservation Review . ^[5] The reserve is in several sections, mostly in the parish of Lewknor in Oxfordshire, with smaller sections in the parish of Stokenchurch in Buckinghamshire.

The reserve is home to plants and butterflies of chalk grassland. The flowers include at least seven species of orchid and the Chiltern gentian; the butterflies include the silver-spotted skipper and the Adonis blue.

As well as chalk grassland, the reserve contains woodland with beech, yew, and juniper. Overhead, reintroduced red kites are resident.

Habitats

Dew-pond at Aston Rowant NNR

The Aston Rowant reserve is managed by Natural England assisted by the Oxford Conservation Volunteers. It offers a nationally important habitat of chalk grassland and juniper scrub with significant areas of hanging beechwood at Aston Rowant Wood.

Flowers

Aston Rowant is especially noted in spring and summer for the wildflowers and orchids associated with close-cropped chalk grassland, managed by careful grazing regimes. Orchid species recorded include common spotted orchid, fragrant orchid, pyramidal orchid, bee orchid, frog orchid, early purple orchid and greater butterfly orchid. Other flowers include eyebright, scabious, marjoram, Chiltern gentian, and yellow-wort. ^[6]

• Flowers at Aston Rowant NNR
• 
  Small scabious
• 
  Centaurea
• 
  Dog rose

• 
  Chalk fragrant orchid
• 
  Yellow rattle
• 
  Pyramidal orchid
• 
  Hoary plantain
• 
  Yellow-wort

Butterflies

The chalk grassland habitat is particularly attractive to many species of butterflies such as the Adonis blue, the chalkhill blue, marbled white, silver-spotted skipper, the dark green fritillary, and the silver-washed fritillary. ^[6] Over 30 species of butterflies have been recorded on the reserve.

• Butterflies at Aston Rowant NNR
• 
  Adonis blue, Lysandra bellargus
• 
  Chalkhill blue, Polyommatus coridon
• 
  Marbled white, Melanargia galathea
• 
  Silver-spotted skipper, Hesperia comma
• 
  Silver-washed fritillary, Argynnis paphia

Mammals

Muntjac and roe deer are found on the reserve, as are the brown hare. Aston Rowant is an important conservation site for the endangered hazel dormouse.

Reintroductions

Interrupted brome grass, extinct in the wild at that time, was reintroduced to the reserve in 2004.

In 1989, the Aston Rowant NNR became one of the initial four sites selected by the RSPB and Natural England for the reintroduction to England of the red kite, which had become extinct in England and Scotland due to persecution since the early 1900s, and reduced to a residual population of a few dozen pairs in central Wales. Initially birds were brought in from Spain but the reintroduction programme based in the Chilterns was so successful that the local population has now self-generated to a level of approximately 200 pairs ^[7] and chicks are now taken from the Chilterns population for reintroduction projects elsewhere in the UK. ^[8]

In the summer of 2004, seeds of the interrupted brome grass, which had become extinct in the wild, were dispersed at the Aston Rowant NNR. The plants successfully germinated, fruited and persisted. This marked the first extinct plant to be re-introduced into the wild in British history. ^[9]

M40 controversy

Chalk grassland hill slopes on the Chilterns escarpment, Aston Rowant NNR

The M40 motorway passes through the reserve, where the Aston Rowant Cutting creates an important geological exposure of the Coniacian chalk strata, and drops the motorway down onto the Oxfordshire plain between Junction 5 Stokenchurch and junction 6 Watlington. This section of the "Midlands Link" motorway opened in 1974 after a Public Enquiry. The event helped to motivate conservation groups to oppose infrastructure projects that would damage protected natural habitats, such as the M3 cutting through Twyford Down near Winchester, which could have been protected by tunnelling. ^[10]

References

1. "Oxfordshire's National Nature Reserves". Natural England. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
2. "Map of Aston Rowant (NNR)". Natural England. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
3. "Aston Rowant citation" (PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
4. "Map of Aston Rowant". Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
5. Ratcliffe, Derek A. (1977). A Nature Conservation Review. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 121. ISBN   978-0521214032.
6. "Oxford Conservation Volunteers: Nature Reserves".
7. "Red kite". RSPB. Archived from the original on 26 February 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
8. "Re-introduction - Red kites - Caring for the Chilterns | the Chilterns AONB". Archived from the original on 19 May 2009. Retrieved 12 November 2009.
9. Randall, David (24 July 2005), "Back from the dead: scientist revives lost plant of old England", The Independent on Sunday, archived from the original on 12 October 2013
10. "Newsmedianews | History of the M3 motorway in Hampshire, UK".

51°39′54″N0°57′00″W / 51.665°N 0.95°W / 51.665; -0.95