Below are two tables which report the average adult human height by country or geographical region. With regard to the first table, original studies and sources should be consulted for details on methodology and the exact populations measured, surveyed, or considered. With regard to the second table, these estimated figures for adult human height for said countries and territories in 2019 and the declared sources may conflict with the findings of the first table.
As with any statistical data, the accuracy of the findings may be challenged. In this case, for the following reasons:
Note: Letters in grey indicate non-measured height. Where available, standard deviation (SD) is listed under Sample population / age range.
Country / region | Average male height | Average female height | Stature ratio (male to female) | Sample population / age range | Share of pop. over 18 covered [9] [10] [b] | Method | Year | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | 168.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 155.3 cm (5 ft 1 in) | 1.08 | 18–69 (N= m:1,979 f:1,687) | 97.2% | Measured | 2018 | [11] |
Albania | 176.6 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 166.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 18–41 (N= m:266(18–41) f:179(18–36), SD= m:7.36 cm (2.9 in) f:9.41 cm (3.7 in)) | 52.7% | Measured | 2020 | [12] |
Albania | 174 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.8 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 20–29 (N= m:649 f:1,806) | 23.5% | Measured | 2008–2009 | [13] [14] |
Algeria | 169.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.5 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 25–64 (N= m:1,626 f:2,491) | 68.1% | Measured | 2005 | [15] |
Argentina | 174.5 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | Healthy, 18 (N= m:90 f:97, SD= m:7.43 cm (2.9 in) f:6.99 cm (2.8 in)) | 2.9% | Measured | 1998–2001 | [16] |
Armenia | 171.5 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 159.2 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18–69 (N= m:605 f:1,449) | 90.5% | Measured | 2016 | [17] |
Australia | 175.6 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 161.8 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | 18+ | 100.0% | Measured | 2011–2012 | [18] |
Austria | 179 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 166 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 20–49 | 54.3% | Measured | 2006 | [19] |
Azerbaijan | 171.8 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 165.4 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.04 | 16+ | 100.0% | Measured | 2005 | [20] |
Bahrain | 171 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 156.6 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | 18 | 1.9% | Measured | 2009 | [21] [22] |
Bahrain | 165.1 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 154.2 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 19+ (N= m:1,120 f:1,181, SD= m:9.0 cm (3.5 in) f:7.8 cm (3.1 in)) | 97.7% | Measured | 2002 | [23] |
Bangladesh | 162.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 150.3 cm (4 ft 11 in) | 1.08 | 25+ (N= m:4,312 f:4,963) | 77.9% | Measured | 2009–2010 | [24] |
Belarus | 175.9 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 164.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.07 | 18–69 (N= m:2,089 f:2,921) | 87.9% | Measured | 2016–2017 | [25] |
Belgium | 176.8 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 163.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.08 | 18+ (N= m:548 f:604) | 100.0% | Measured | 2018 | [26] |
Belgium | 176.6 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 164.6 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.07 | 18–65 (N= m/f:>150,000) | — | Measured | 2005 | [27] |
Belgium | 178.6 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 168.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 1.06 | 21 (N= m:20–49 f:20–49, SD= m:6.6 cm (2.6 in) f:5.3 cm (2.1 in)) | 1.7% | Self-reported | 2001 | [28] |
Belize | 166.3 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 154.5 cm (5 ft 1 in) | 1.08 | 20+ (N= m:999 f:1,440) | 92.5% | Measured | 2010 | [29] |
Benin | 167.6 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.05 | 18–69 (N= m:2,304 f:2,543) | 97.1% | Measured | 2015 | [30] |
Bhutan | 163.9 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 153.2 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 18–69 (N= m:1,071 f:1,678) | 94.5% | Measured | 2014 | [31] |
Bolivia | — | 151.8 cm (5 ft 0 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:10,302, SD= f:5.9 cm (2.3 in)) | 52.6% | Self-reported | 2003 | [32] |
Bolivia | 162 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 149 cm (4 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | Aymara, 20–29 | — | Measured | 1970s | [33] |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 183.9 cm (6 ft 1⁄2 in) | 171.8 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | Students at UBL, 19–32(m), 19–26(f) (N= m:178 f:34, SD= m:7.11 cm (2.8 in) f:6.56 cm (2.6 in)) | 0.4% | Measured | 2014 | [34] |
Botswana | 170.9 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 160.9 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 15–69 (N= m:1,299 f:2,611) | 94.5% | Measured | 2014 | [35] |
Brazil | 170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.8 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 18+ (N= m:62,037 f:65,696) | 100.0% | Measured | 2009 | [36] [37] |
Brazil – Urban | 173.5 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.6 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 20–24 (N= m:6,360 f:6,305) | — | Measured | 2009 | [36] |
Brazil – Rural | 170.9 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 158.9 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 20–24 (N= m:1,939 f:1,633) | — | Measured | 2009 | [36] |
Brunei | 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 152 cm (5 ft 0 in) | 1.09 | 19+ (N= m:696 f:828) | 97.7% | Measured | 2010–2011 | [38] |
Bulgaria | 175.2 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 163.2 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 15+ (N= m/f:6,410) | 100.0% | Self-reported | 2008 | [39] [40] |
Burkina Faso | 170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 162.3 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.05 | 25–64 (N= m:2,224 f:2,252) | 65.3% | Measured | 2013 | [41] |
Cambodia | 161.7 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 151.9 cm (5 ft 0 in) | 1.06 | 25–64 (N= m:1,881 f:3,430) | 67.0% | Measured | 2010 | [42] |
Cameroon – Urban | 170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 161.3 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 15+ (N= m:3,746 f:5,078) | 100.0% | Measured | 2003 | [43] |
Canada | 177.7 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 163.0 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.09 | 20–39 | 34.5% | Measured | 2009–2011 | [44] |
Canada | 175.1 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 162.3 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.08 | 18–79 | 94.7% | Measured | 2007–2009 | [45] |
Central African Republic | — | 158.9 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:1,408, SD= f:6.6 cm (2.6 in)) | 50.0% | Self-reported | 1994 | [32] |
Chad | — | 162.6 cm (5 ft 4 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:2,393, SD= f:6.4 cm (2.5 in)) | 51.9% | Self-reported | 2004 | [32] |
Chile | 169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 156.1 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | 15+ | 100.0% | Measured | 2009–2010 | [46] |
China | 169.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.07 | 18–44 | 34.3% | Measured | 2020 | [47] |
China | 172.6 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 160.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.07 | 20–24 | — | Measured | 2020 | [48] [49] |
China | 169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.9 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 18+ (N= m/f:57,754, average age 48) | 100.0% | Measured | — | [50] |
Colombia | 170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.7 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 18–22 (N= m:1,528,875 f:1,468,110) | 14.1% | Measured | 2002 | [51] |
Comoros | — | 154.8 cm (5 ft 1 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:644, SD= f:5.8 cm (2.3 in)) | 49.8% | Self-reported | 1996 | [32] |
Congo, Democratic Republic of the | — | 157.7 cm (5 ft 2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:2,727, SD= f:8.0 cm (3.1 in)) | 52.7% | Self-reported | 2005 | [32] |
Congo, Republic of the | — | 159 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:3,922, SD= f:8.1 cm (3.2 in)) | 55.7% | Self-reported | 2007 | [32] |
Costa Rica – San José | 169.4 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 155.9 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | 20+ (N= m:523 f:904) | 94.6% | Measured | 2010 | [29] |
Croatia | 180.4 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 166.5 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18 (N= m:358 f:360, SD= m:6.8 cm (2.7 in) f:6.1 cm (2.4 in)) | 1.6% | Measured | 2006–2008 | [52] |
Cuba – Urban | 168 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 156 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 15+ | 100.0% | Measured | 1999 | [53] |
Czech Republic | 177.7 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 164.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 25–64 (N= m:788 f:896) | 68.5% | Measured | 2016–2017 | [54] |
Czech Republic | 180.3 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 167.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 1.08 | 17 | 0.0% | Measured | 2001 | [55] |
Denmark | 181.6 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 168.7 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | Conscripts, 18–20 (N= m:39,547 f:3,728) | — | Measured | 2024 | [56] |
Dinaric Alps | 184.6 cm (6 ft 1⁄2 in) | 171.1 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 17 (N= m:2,705 f:2,842, SD= m:6.84 cm (2.7 in) f:6.15 cm (2.4 in)) | 0.0% | Measured | 2005 | [57] |
Dominican Republic | 172.7 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 159 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | 25–49 (N= f:4,763, SD= f:6.3 cm (2.5 in)) | 54.8% | Self-reported | 2014 | [58] |
East Timor | 158.7 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 152.9 cm (5 ft 0 in) | 1.04 | 18–69 (N= m:1,083 f:1,526) | 95.9% | Measured | 2014 | [59] |
Ecuador | 167.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 154.2 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | — | — | Measured | 2014 | [60] |
Egypt | 170.3 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.9 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 20–24 (N= m:845 f:1,059) | 16.6% | Measured | 2008 | [61] |
El Salvador – San Salvador | 168.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 155.9 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 20+ (N= m:625 f:1,245) | 93.0% | Measured | 2010 | [29] |
El Salvador | — | 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in) | — | 25–49 | 50.9% | Self-reported | 2007 | [32] |
Estonia | 178.6 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 164.8 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.08 | 18+ (N= m/f:50,916, SD= m:7.1 cm (2.8 in) f:6.4 cm (2.5 in)) | 100.0% | Measured | 2003–2010 | [62] |
Eswatini | 168.4 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 158.9 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 15–69 (N= m:1,107 f:1,993) | 96.2% | Measured | 2014 | [63] |
Ethiopia | 167.6 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 158.1 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.06 | 15–69 (N= m:3,917 f:5,757) | 96.6% | Measured | 2015 | [64] |
Fiji | 173.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 15–64 (N: m:2,685 f:2,859) | 93.9% | Measured | 2002 | [65] |
Finland | 180.7 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 167.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 1.08 | –25[ clarification needed ] (N= m/f:26,636) | — | Measured | 2010–2011 | [66] [67] |
Finland | 178.9 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165.3 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.08 | 25–34 (N= m/f:2,305) | 19.0% | Measured | 1994 | [66] |
France | 175.6 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 162.5 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.08 | 18–70 (N= m/f:11,562) | 85.9% | Measured | 2003–2004 | [68] [69] |
France | 174.1 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.9 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 20+ | 96.6% | Measured | 2001 | [7] |
Gabon | 171 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 160.9 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 15–64 (N= m:1,054 f:1,634, SD= m:7.2 cm (2.8 in) f:6.7 cm (2.6 in)) | 91.9% | Measured | 2009 | [70] |
The Gambia | 167.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.04 | 25–64 (N= m:1,633 f:1,940, SD= m:11.7 cm (4.6 in) f:9.8 cm (3.9 in)) | 66.8% | Measured | 2011 | [71] |
The Gambia – Rural | 168 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 157.8 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.06 | 21–49 (N= m:9,559 f:13,160, SD= m:6.7 cm (2.6 in) f:5.6 cm (2.2 in)) | — | Measured | 1950–1974 | [72] |
Georgia | 173.8 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18–69 (N= m:1,271 f:2,933) | 85.6% | Measured | 2016 | [73] [74] |
Germany | 178.9 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18+ (N= m:33,743 f:34,987) | 100.0% | Self-reported | 2021 | [75] |
Germany | 181.7 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 167.6 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 1.08 | 18–20 (N= m:800 f:736) | — | Self-reported | 2021 | [75] |
Germany | 178.1 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.08 | 20–75 (N= m:44,848 f:51,674, SD= m:7.3 cm (2.9 in) f:6.7 cm (2.6 in)) | — | Measured | 2014–2017 | [76] |
Germany | 180.8 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 167.4 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 1.08 | 20–29 (N= m:2906 f:3864, SD= m:7.1 cm (2.8 in) f:6.7 cm (2.6 in)) | — | Measured | 2014–2017 | [76] |
Ghana | 169.5 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 158.5 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 25–29 | 14.7% | Measured | 1987–1989 | [77] |
Greece | 177 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.07 | 18–49 | 56.3% | Measured | 2003 | [19] |
Guatemala | 160.1 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 148.1 cm (4 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 15–59 (N= m:6,624(15–59) f:15,211(15–49)) | — | Measured | 2008–2009 | [78] |
Guinea | — | 158.8 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:2,563, SD= f:6.3 cm (2.5 in)) | 52.9% | Self-reported | 2005 | [32] |
Haiti | — | 158.6 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:2,932, SD= f:6.5 cm (2.6 in)) | 52.8% | Self-reported | 2005 | [32] |
Honduras – Tegucigalpa | 167.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 153.9 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | 20+ (N= m:644 f:1,052) | 92.6% | Measured | 2010 | [29] |
Honduras | — | 152 cm (5 ft 0 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:11,219, SD= f:6.4 cm (2.5 in)) | 53.3% | Self-reported | 2005 | [32] |
Hong Kong | 171.7 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 158.7 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18 (N= m:468 f:453, SD= m:5.5 cm (2.2 in) f:5.7 cm (2.2 in)) | 1.4% | Measured | 2006 | [79] |
Hong Kong | 173.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 160.1 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.08 | University students, 19–20 (N= m:291 f:200, SD= m:6.1 cm (2.4 in) f:5.2 cm (2.0 in)) | 0.6% [80] | Measured | 2005 | [81] |
Hungary | 177.3 cm (5 ft 10 in) | — | — | 18 (N= m:1,080, SD= m:5.99 cm (2.4 in)) | 1.7% | Measured | 2005 | [82] |
Hungary | 176 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 164 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | Adults | — | Measured | 2000s | [83] |
Iceland | 181 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 168 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 1.08 | 20–49 | 43.6% | Self-reported | 2007 | [19] |
India | 174.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 158.5 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.10 | Students from the upper socioeconomic strata, 18 (N= m:34,411(3–18) f:30,218(3–18)) | — | Measured | 2011 | [84] |
India | 169.1 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 154.6 cm (5 ft 1 in) | 1.09 | Students from the lower socioeconomic strata, 18 (N= m:19,303(3–18) f:22,911(3–18)) | — | Measured | 2011 | [84] |
India | 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 152 cm (5 ft 0 in) | 1.09 | 20–49 (N= m:69,245 f:118,796) | 44.3% | Measured | 2011 | [85] |
Indonesia | 164 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 154.1 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 18 (N= m/f:>300,000; Jakarta: male average = 165.1 cm, female average = 155.6 cm) | — | Measured | 2018 | [86] |
Iran | 170.3 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 157.2 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.08 | 21+ (N= m/f:89,532, SD= m:8.05 cm (3.2 in) f:7.22 cm (2.8 in)) | 88.1% | Measured | 2005 | [87] |
Iran | 173.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 159.9 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.09 | 20–25 | — | Measured | 2005 | [87] |
Iraq | 171.3 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 157.5 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.09 | 18+ (N= m:1,596 f:2,318) | 100.0% | Measured | 2015 | [88] |
Ireland | 177 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 163 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.09 | 20–49 | 61.8% | Measured | 2007 | [19] |
Israel | 177 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 166 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 18–21 | 9.7% | Measured | 2010 | [89] |
Italy – North | 179.4 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.09 | 18–21 (N= m:825 f:601) | 5.6% | Measured | 2018 | [90] [91] |
Italy – South | 177.4 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 164 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18–21 (N= m:479 f:412) | 5.6% | Measured | 2018 | [90] [91] |
Italy | 176.5 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 162.5 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.09 | 18 | 1.4% | Measured | 1994–2004 | [13] [22] [92] |
Ivory Coast | 170.1 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.1 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 25–29 (SD= m:6.7 cm (2.6 in) f:5.67 cm (2.2 in)) | 14.6% | Measured | 1985–1987 | [77] |
Jamaica | 171.8 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 160.8 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 25–74 | 71.4% | Measured | 1994–1996 | [93] |
Japan | 171.8 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 158.6 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18–49 (N= m:10,131 f:8,984) | 60.7% | Measured | 2018 | [94] [95] |
Japan | 170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 157.8 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.08 | High School students, 17 (N= m/f:1,108,891) | 0.0% | Measured | 2018 | [96] [97] |
Japan | 172 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 158 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.09 | 20–49 | 47.2% | Measured | 2005 | [19] |
Jordan | 173 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 159 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | 18–69 (N= m:2,203 f:3,510) | 96.3% | Measured | 2019 | [98] |
Kazakhstan | — | 159.8 cm (5 ft 3 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:1,600, SD= f:6.3 cm (2.5 in)) | 53.7% | Self-reported | 1999 | [32] |
Kenya | 169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.2 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 25–49 (N= f:4,856, SD= f:7.3 cm (2.9 in)) | 52.5% | Self-reported | 2016 | [32] [99] |
Kiribati | 170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.4 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18–69 (N= f:566 m:698) | 96.2% | Measured | 2015–2016 | [100] |
North Korea | 165.6 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 154.9 cm (5 ft 1 in) | 1.07 | Defectors, 20–39 (N= m/f:1,075) | 46.4% | Measured | 2005 | [101] |
South Korea | 174.7 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 162.5 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.08 | 19–24 (N= m:34,433 f:15,549) | — | Measured | 2022 | [102] [103] |
South Korea | 174.6 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.1 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 20–24 (N= m:343 f:271) | — | Measured | 2020–2021 | [104] |
Kosovo [c] | 179.5 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.08 | Students, average age 18.25 (N= m:830 f:793, SD= m:7.02 cm (2.8 in) f:4.93 cm (1.9 in)) | — | Measured | 2017 | [105] [106] |
Kosovo – Pristina [c] | 180.6 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 166.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | Students, 17–18 (N= m:100 f:93, SD= m:5.88 cm (2.3 in) f:4.72 cm (1.9 in)) | — | Measured | 2017 | [106] |
Kuwait | 172 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 158.6 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18–69 (N= m:1,385 f:2,232) | 98.3% | Measured | 2013–2014 | [107] |
Kyrgyzstan | — | 158 cm (5 ft 2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:2,424, SD= f:5.8 cm (2.3 in)) | 55.4% | Self-reported | 1997 | [32] |
Laos – Vientiane | 162.2 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 153.4 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 25–64 (N= m:1,635 f:2,430) | 67.6% | Measured | 2008 | [108] |
Latvia | 181.2 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 168.8 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 19 | 1.1% | Measured | 2019 | [109] |
Lebanon | 174.1 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 162.4 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.07 | 18–69 (N= m:736 f:992) | 93.3% | Measured | 2016–2017 | [110] |
Lesotho | — | 157.6 cm (5 ft 2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:1,879, SD= f:6.7 cm (2.6 in)) | 49.8% | Self-reported | 2004 | [32] |
Liberia | 161.1 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 154.2 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.04 | 25–64 (m:982 f:1,237) | 69.0% | Measured | 2011 | [111] |
Lithuania – Urban | 178.4 cm (5 ft 10 in) | — | — | Conscripts, 19–25 (N= m:91, SD= m:6.7 cm (2.6 in)) | 9.9% | Measured | 2005 [112] | [113] |
Lithuania – Rural | 176.2 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | — | — | Conscripts, 19–25 (N= m:106, SD= m:5.9 cm (2.3 in)) | 4.9% | Measured | 2005 [112] | [113] |
Lithuania | 181.3 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 167.5 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 1.08 | 18 | 2.1% | Measured | 2001 | [114] |
Madagascar – Antananarivo Province | 163 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 154 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 25–64 (N= m:1,102 f:1,112) | 67.1% | Measured | 2005 | [115] |
Madagascar | — | 154.3 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:5,024, SD= f:6.0 cm (2.4 in)) | 53.6% | Self-reported | 2003 | [32] |
Malaysia | 165.2 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 154.4 cm (5 ft 1 in) | 1.07 | 25–64 (N= m:1,044 f:1,528) | 71.1% | Measured | 2005 | [116] |
Malaysia | 166.3 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 154.7 cm (5 ft 1 in) | 1.07 | Malay, 20–24 (N= m:749 f:893, SD= m:6.46 cm (2.5 in) f:6.04 cm (2.4 in)) | 9.7% [117] | Measured | 1996 | [118] |
Malaysia | 168.5 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 158.1 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.07 | Chinese, 20–24 (N= m:407 f:453, SD= m:6.98 cm (2.7 in) f:6.72 cm (2.6 in)) | 4.1% [117] | Measured | 1996 | [118] |
Malaysia | 169.1 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 155.4 cm (5 ft 1 in) | 1.09 | Indian, 20–24 (N= m:113 f:140, SD= m:5.84 cm (2.3 in) f:6.18 cm (2.4 in)) | 1.2% [117] | Measured | 1996 | [118] |
Malaysia | 163.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 151.9 cm (5 ft 0 in) | 1.08 | Other indigenous, 20–24 (N= m:257 f:380, SD= m:6.26 cm (2.5 in) f:5.95 cm (2.3 in)) | 0.4% [117] | Measured | 1996 | [118] |
Malawi | 164.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 155.4 cm (5 ft 1 in) | 1.06 | 25–64 (N= m:1,669 f:3,454) | 67.0% | Measured | 2009 | [119] |
Malawi – Urban | 166 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 155 cm (5 ft 1 in) | 1.07 | 16–60 (N= m:583 f:315, SD= m:6.0 cm (2.4 in) f:9.4 cm (3.7 in)) | — | Measured | 2000 | [120] |
Maldives | 164.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 153 cm (5 ft 0 in) | 1.08 | 15–64 (N= m:661 f:1,103) | 94.2% | Measured | 2011 | [121] |
Mali – Southern Mali | 171.3 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 160.4 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.07 | Rural adults (N= m:121 f:320, SD= m:6.6 cm (2.6 in) f:5.7 cm (2.2 in)) | — | Measured | 1992 | [122] |
Malta | 175.2 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 165.3 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.06 | 25–34 | — | Self-reported | 2003 | [123] |
Marshall Islands | 163.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 151.6 cm (4 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 15–64 (N= m:762 f:1,187) | 93.4% | Measured | 2002 | [124] |
Mauritania | 167.9 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.05 | 15–64 (N= m:1,141 f:1,362) | 93.6% | Measured | 2006 | [125] |
Mexico | 172 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 159 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 20–65 | 62.0% | Measured | 2014 | [126] |
Micronesia, Federated States of | 169.2 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 158.9 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 25–64 (N= m:634 f:1,212) | 71.4% | Measured | 2006 | [127] |
Moldova | 173 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 161.8 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 18–69 (N= m:1,711 f:2,772) | 89.9% | Measured | 2013 | [128] |
Moldova | — | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:4,757, SD= f:6.2 cm (2.4 in)) | 45.9% | Self-reported | 2005 | [32] |
Mongolia | 167.8 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 156.8 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 15–64 (N= m:2,656 f:3,117) | 94.0% | Measured | 2015 | [129] |
Montenegro | 182.9 cm (6 ft 0 in) | 169.4 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 17–20 (N= m:981 f:1,107, SD= m:6.89 cm (2.7 in) f:6.37 cm (2.5 in)) | 5.2% | Measured | 2017 | [130] [131] |
Morocco | 171.8 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 159.2 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18+ (N= m:1,871 f:3,390) | 100.0% | Measured | 2017 | [132] |
Mozambique | — | 156 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:6,912, SD= f:6.2 cm (2.4 in)) | 55.0% | Self-reported | 2003 | [32] |
Myanmar | 163.5 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 153.4 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 25–64 (N= m:2,948 f:5,447) | 73.1% | Measured | 2014 | [133] |
Namibia | — | 160.7 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:5,575, SD= f:7.1 cm (2.8 in)) | 50.4% | Self-reported | 2006 | [32] |
Nauru | 168.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 156.6 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 15–64 (N= m:1,083 f:1,186) | 97.1% | Measured | 2004 | [134] |
Nepal | 161.7 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 150.4 cm (4 ft 11 in) | 1.08 | 15–69 (N= m:1,326 f:2,798) | 95.3% | Measured | 2012–2013 | [135] |
Nepal | 163 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 150.8 cm (4 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 25–49 (N= f:6,280, SD= f:5.5 cm (2.2 in)) | 52.9% | Self-reported | 2006 | [32] |
Netherlands | 181.2 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 168.5 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 19+ (N= m:326,766 f:392,145) | — | Self-reported | 2020 | [136] [137] |
Netherlands | 183.8 cm (6 ft 1⁄2 in) | 170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 1.08 | 21 (N= m:74 f:50, SD= m:7.1 cm (2.8 in) f:6.3 cm (2.5 in)) | 1.5% | Measured | 2009 | [138] |
New Zealand | 177 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 164 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 20–49 | 56.9% | Measured | 2007 | [19] |
Nicaragua | — | 153.7 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 | 54.1% | Self-reported | 2001 | [32] |
Nicaragua – Managua | 166.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 154.7 cm (5 ft 1 in) | 1.08 | 20+ (N= m:1,024 f:969) | 92.0% | Measured | 2010 | [29] |
Nigeria | 167.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.04 | 20–29 (N= m:139 f:76, SD= m:6.5 cm (2.6 in) f:5.7 cm (2.2 in)) | 33.2% | Measured | 2011 | [139] |
Nigeria | 163.8 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 157.8 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.04 | 18–74 | 98.6% | Measured | 1994–1996 | [93] |
North Macedonia | 179.2 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 164.8 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.09 | 18 (N= m:137 f:132) | 1.7% | Measured | 2016 | [140] |
Norway | 179.9 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 167.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 1.08 | Conscripts, 18–44 (N= m:30,884 f:28,796) | 35.3% | Measured | 2012 | [141] |
Norway | 179.7 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 167 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 20–85 (N= m:1,534 f:1,743) | 93.6% | Self-reported | 2008–2009 | [9] [37] [142] |
Oman | 167.4 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 156.1 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 18+ (N= m:3,338 f:2,955) | 100.0% | Measured | 2017 | [143] [144] |
Pakistan – Punjab | 170.4 cm (5 ft 7 in) | — | — | 21–30 (N= m:382, SD= m:6.85 cm (2.7 in)) | — | Measured | 2023 | [145] |
Pakistan – Rabwah | 172 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 159 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 19 (N= m:2,084 f:2,209) | — | Measured | 2016 | [146] |
Pakistan | 165.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 153.9 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18–69 (N= m/f:6,613) | 95.3% | Measured | 2013–2014 | [147] |
Papua New Guinea | 161.7 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 154.3 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.05 | 15–64 (N= m:1,408 f:1,451) | 93.9% | Measured | 2007–2008 | [148] |
Peru | 164 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 151 cm (4 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | 20+ | — | Measured | 2005 | [149] |
Philippines | 163.5 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 151.8 cm (5 ft 0 in) | 1.08 | 20–39 | 31.5% [150] | Measured | 2003 | [151] |
Poland | 178.7 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165.1 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.08 | 18 (N= m:846 f:1,126) | 1.6% | Measured | 2010 | [152] |
Poland | 172.2 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 159.4 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.08 | 44–69 (N= m:4,336 f:4,559) | 39.4% | Measured | 2007 | [153] |
Portugal | 173.9 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | — | — | 18 (N= m:696) | 1.5% | Measured | 2008 | [13] [154] |
Portugal | 171 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 161 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 20–50 | 56.7% | Self-reported | 2001 | [19] |
Qatar | 171.2 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 157.7 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.09 | 18–64 (N= m:1,038 f:1,423) | — | Measured | 2012 | [155] |
Qatar | 170.8 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 161.1 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 18 | 1.9% | Measured | 2005 | [22] [156] |
Russia | 178.6 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165.9 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 25–29 | — | Measured | 2021 | [157] |
Russia | 177.4 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 165.6 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.07 | 20–24 (N= m:8,366 f:18,921) | — | Measured | 2010–2012 | [158] |
Rwanda | 163.9 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 155.7 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.05 | 15–64 (N= m:2,649 f:4,467) | 95.4% | Measured | 2012–2013 | [159] |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 170.3 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 161.6 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.05 | 25–64 (N= f:514 m:889) | 72.3% | Measured | 2007–2008 | [160] |
Samoa | — | 166.6 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | — | 18–28 (N= f:55, SD= f:6.5 cm (2.6 in)) | 32.6% | Measured | 2004 | [161] |
Saudi Arabia | 168.9 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 156.3 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18 | 3.0% | Measured | 2010 | [22] [162] |
Saudi Arabia | 167.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 154.3 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 15–64 (N= m:2,244 f:2,345) | 95.4% | Measured | 2005 | [163] |
Senegal – Urban | 179 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 166.1 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 20+ (N= m:494 f:490, SD= m:8.07 cm (3.2 in) f:6.88 cm (2.7 in)) | — | Measured | 2015 | [164] |
Senegal – Rural | 175.9 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 163.8 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 20+ (N= m:241 f:255, SD= m:8.09 cm (3.2 in) f:8.77 cm (3.5 in)) | — | Measured | 2015 | [164] |
Senegal | — | 163 cm (5 ft 4 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:2,533, SD= f:6.7 cm (2.6 in)) | 54.4% | Self-reported | 2005 | [32] |
Serbia | 177.4 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 163.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | 20+ (N= m:6,007 f:6,453) | 97.1% | Measured | 2013 | [165] |
Serbia | 182 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 166.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | Students at UNS, 18–30 (N= m:318 f:76, SD= m:6.74 cm (2.7 in) f:5.88 cm (2.3 in)) | 0.7% [166] | Measured | 2012 | [167] |
Sierra Leone | 166 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 158 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.05 | 25–64 (N= m:1,996 f:2,311) | 67.6% | Measured | 2009 | [168] |
Singapore | 170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 160 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.07 | Chinese students at TP, 16–18 (average age 17.5 (±0.6)), (N= m:52 f:49, SD= m:6 cm (2.4 in) f:5 cm (2.0 in)) | 0.3% [169] [170] | Measured | 2003 | [171] |
Singapore | 172.3 cm (5 ft 8 in) | — | — | Chinese conscripts, average age 18.5 SD 1.2, (N= m:104,223, SD= m:6.2 cm (2.4 in)) | — | Measured | 2009–2014 | [172] |
Singapore | 170.2 cm (5 ft 7 in) | — | — | Malay conscripts, average age 18.5 SD 1.2, (N= m:25,405, SD= m:6.2 cm (2.4 in)) | — | Measured | 2009–2014 | [172] |
Singapore | 173.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | — | — | Indian conscripts, average age 18.4 SD 1.3, (N= m:11,865, SD= m:6.6 cm (2.6 in)) | — | Measured | 2009–2014 | [172] |
Slovakia | 179.3 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165.4 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.08 | 18 (N= m:824 f:824) | 1.6% | Measured | 2011 | [173] |
Slovenia – Ljubljana | 180.3 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 167.4 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 1.08 | 19 | 0.2% [174] | Measured | 2011 | [175] |
Solomon Islands | 166.4 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 155.7 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 25–64 (N= m:688 f:1018) | 68.3% | Measured | 2006 | [176] |
South Africa | 168 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 159 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 19 (N= m:121 f:118) | 3.6% | Measured | 2003 | [177] |
Spain | 173.1 cm (5 ft 8 in) | — | — | 18+ (N= m:1,551) | 100.0% | Measured | 2013–2014 | [178] [179] [180] |
Spain | 177.3 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 164 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18.1–24 (N= m:1,275 f:1,292) | — | Measured | 2008 | [181] |
Spain | — | 159.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) | — | 18–70 (N= f:8,217) | 83.5% | Measured | 2007–2008 | [37] [182] [179] [183] |
Spain | 174 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 163 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.07 | 20–49 | 57.0% | Self-reported | 2007 | [19] |
Sri Lanka | 163.6 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 151.4 cm (4 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18+ (N= m:1,768 f:2,709, SD= m:6.9 cm (2.7 in) f:6.4 cm (2.5 in)) | 100.0% | Measured | 2005–2006 | [184] |
Sudan | 171.2 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.07 | 18–69 (N= m:2,662 f:4,548) | 96.2% | Measured | 2016 | [185] |
Sweden | 181.5 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 166.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | 20–29 | 15.6% | Measured | 2008 | [186] |
Sweden | 177.9 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 164.6 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.08 | 20–74 | 86.3% | Self-reported | 1987–1994 | [187] |
Switzerland | 177.4 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 164.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.08 | 15+ (N= m:10,435 f:11,644) | 100.0% | Self-reported | 2017 | [188] |
Switzerland | 178.2 cm (5 ft 10 in) | — | — | Conscripts, 19 (N= m:12,447, Median= m:178.0 cm (5 ft 10 in), SD= m:6.52 cm (2.6 in)) | 1.5% | Measured | 2009 | [189] |
Switzerland | 175.4 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 164 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 20–74 | 88.8% | Self-reported | 1987–1994 | [187] |
Taiwan | 171.4 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 159.9 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.07 | 17 (N= m:200 f:200) | 0.0% | Measured | 2011 | [190] [191] [192] |
Tanzania | — | 156.6 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:6,033, SD= f:6.5 cm (2.6 in)) | 52.8% | Self-reported | 2004 | [32] |
Thailand | 163.7 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 153.7 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | Agricultural workers in Nakhon Ratchasima province, 18–59 (N= m:71 f:68) | — | Measured | 2018 | [193] |
Thailand | 170.3 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | STOU students, 15–19 (N= m:839 f:1,636, SD= m:6.3 cm (2.5 in) f:5.9 cm (2.3 in)) | 0.0% [194] | Self-reported | 2005 | [195] |
Togo | 169.1 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 159.3 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 15–64 (N= m:2,064 f:2,249) | 93.3% | Measured | 2010 | [196] |
Tonga | 177.9 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 167 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 25–64 (N= m:880 f:1,466) | 66.8% | Measured | 2012 | [197] |
Trinidad and Tobago | 173.2 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 160.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.08 | 15–64 (N= m:1,112 f:1,608) | 89.0% | Measured | 2011 | [198] |
Tunisia | 171 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 157 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.09 | 20–85 (N= m:322 f:107, SD= m:6.74 cm (2.7 in) f:6.29 cm (2.5 in)) | 92.7% | Measured | 1998–2003 | [199] |
Turkey | 177.1 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 163 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.09 | 18–30 (N= m:325 f:325, SD= m:6.33 cm (2.5 in) f:5.62 cm (2.2 in)) | — | Measured | 2021 | [200] |
Turkey | 171.4 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 157.7 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.09 | 15+ (N= m:2,448 f:3,605) | 100.0% | Measured | 2017 | [201] |
Turkey | 173.6 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.9 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 20–22 (N= m:322 f:247) | 8.3% | Measured | 2007 | [13] [22] [202] |
Turkey – Ankara | 174 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 158.9 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.10 | 18–59 (N= m:703 f:512, SD= m:6.9 cm (2.7 in) f:6.4 cm (2.5 in)) | 5.1% [203] | Measured | 2004–2006 | [204] |
Turkey – Trabzon | 175.7 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 164.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.07 | 18–27 (N= m:107 f:52) | — | Measured | 1994 | [205] |
Turkmenistan | 173.3 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 162.7 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.07 | 18–69 (N= m:1,713 f:2,237) | 95.7% | Measured | 2018 | [206] |
Uganda | 166.9 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 157.8 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.06 | 18–69 (N= m:1,565 f:2,122) | 96.2% | Measured | 2014 | [207] |
Ukraine | 175 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 164 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 18+ | 100.0% | Measured | 2020 | [208] |
United Arab Emirates | 173.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 156.4 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.11 | — | — | — | — | [209] |
United Kingdom – England | 175.3 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 161.9 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 16+ (N= m:3,154 f:3,956) | 100.0% [210] | Measured | 2012 | [5] |
United Kingdom – Scotland | 175 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 161.3 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 16+ (N= m:2,512 f:3,180) | 100.0% [210] | Measured | 2008 | [211] |
United States | 175.3 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 161.3 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | All Americans, 20+ (N= m:5,092 f:5,510) | 100.0% | Measured | 2015–2018 | [212] |
United States – Non-Hispanic Whites | 178 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 164.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.08 | Non-Hispanic white, 20–39 (N= m:490 f:545) | 17.1% [213] | Measured | 2015–2018 | [212] |
United States – Hispanic and Latino Americans | 171.2 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 158.7 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | Hispanic, 20–39 (N= m:458 f:509) | 4.4% [213] | Measured | 2015–2018 | [212] |
United States – African Americans | 176.4 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 163.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | Non-Hispanic black, 20–39 (N= m:331 f:409) | 3.4% [213] | Measured | 2015–2018 | [212] |
United States – Mexican Americans | 171.7 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 157.5 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.09 | Mexican American, 20–39 (N= m:283 f:303) | 2.8% [213] | Measured | 2015–2018 | [212] |
United States – Asian Americans | 172.9 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 158.1 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.09 | Non-Hispanic Asian, 20–39 (N= m:242 f:262) | 1.3% [213] | Measured | 2015–2018 | [212] |
Uruguay | 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.08 | Adults (N= m:2,249 f:2,114) | — | Measured | 1990 | [214] |
Uzbekistan | 169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 157 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.08 | 18–64 (N= m:1,531 f:2,161) | 93.1% | Measured | 2014 | [215] |
Vanuatu | 167.8 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 158.7 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 25–64 (N= m:2,257 f:2,244) | 70.1% | Measured | 2011–2012 | [216] |
Vietnam | 168.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 156.2 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 18, from around 22,400 families across 25 cities and provinces | — | Measured | 2019–2020 | [217] |
Zambia | — | 158.5 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:4,091, SD= f:6.5 cm (2.6 in)) | 54.2% | Self-reported | 2007 | [32] |
Zimbabwe | — | 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:4,746, SD= f:6.2 cm (2.4 in)) | 47.3% | Self-reported | 2005 | [32] |
As with any statistical data, the accuracy of the findings may be challenged. In this case, for the following reasons:
Countries and territories are sorted according to the average of the male and female mean height: [d]
Rank | Country | Overall average | Male average | Female average |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Netherlands | 177.1 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 183.8 cm (6 ft 1⁄2 in) | 170.4 cm (5 ft 7 in) |
2 | Montenegro | 176.6 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 183.3 cm (6 ft 0 in) | 170.0 cm (5 ft 7 in) |
3 | Estonia | 175.7 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 182.8 cm (6 ft 0 in) | 168.7 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) |
Denmark | 175.7 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 181.9 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 169.5 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | |
5 | Iceland | 175.5 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 182.1 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 168.9 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) |
6 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 175.0 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 182.5 cm (6 ft 0 in) | 167.5 cm (5 ft 6 in) |
Latvia | 175.0 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 181.2 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 168.8 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | |
8 | Czech Republic | 174.6 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 181.2 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 168.0 cm (5 ft 6 in) |
9 | Serbia | 174.5 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 180.7 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 168.3 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) |
10 | Lithuania | 174.1 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 180.7 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 167.6 cm (5 ft 6 in) |
Slovenia | 174.1 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 181.0 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 167.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | |
12 | Slovakia | 174.0 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 181.0 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 167.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) |
13 | Croatia | 173.8 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 180.8 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 166.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
Ukraine | 173.8 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 181.0 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 166.6 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | |
15 | Sweden | 173.6 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 180.5 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 166.7 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
16 | Dominica | 173.5 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 180.2 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 166.9 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
Finland | 173.5 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 180.6 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 166.5 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | |
18 | Norway | 173.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 180.5 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 166.4 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
19 | Germany | 173.2 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 180.3 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 166.2 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
Poland | 173.2 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 180.7 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 165.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | |
21 | Bermuda (UK) | 172.9 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 179.7 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 166.1 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
22 | Belarus | 172.8 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 178.7 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 166.9 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
Cook Islands | 172.8 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 178.3 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 167.3 cm (5 ft 6 in) | |
24 | Austria | 172.7 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 178.5 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 166.9 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
25 | Kosovo | 172.6 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 179.5 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
26 | Greece | 172.5 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 179.3 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
27 | French Polynesia (France) | 172.4 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 178.3 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 166.5 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
28 | American Samoa (US) | 172.3 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 177.1 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 167.6 cm (5 ft 6 in) |
Grenada | 172.3 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 178.7 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 166.0 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | |
30 | Antigua and Barbuda | 172.2 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 178.8 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
31 | Andorra | 172.1 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 178.8 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
Niue | 172.1 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 177.2 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 167.0 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | |
33 | Luxembourg | 171.8 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 178.5 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165.1 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
34 | Australia | 171.7 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 178.8 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 164.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
Ireland | 171.7 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 179.0 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 164.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | |
Canada | 171.7 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 178.7 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 164.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) | |
37 | France | 171.5 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 178.6 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 164.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
Switzerland | 171.5 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 178.7 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 164.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | |
39 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 171.4 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 177.5 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 165.3 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
40 | Barbados | 171.3 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 177.0 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 165.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
Lebanon | 171.3 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 179.0 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 163.7 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | |
Puerto Rico (US) | 171.3 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 179.5 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 163.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) | |
43 | Belgium | 171.2 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 179.1 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 163.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
Romania | 171.2 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 177.8 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 164.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) | |
New Zealand | 171.2 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 177.7 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 164.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) | |
46 | Tokelau (NZ) | 171.1 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 176.1 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 166.1 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
47 | United Kingdom | 171.0 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 178.2 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 163.9 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
48 | Saint Lucia | 170.9 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 176.4 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 165.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
49 | Jamaica | 170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 177.0 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 164.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
Tonga | 170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 175.1 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 166.1 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | |
51 | Russia | 170.5 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 176.6 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 164.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
52 | United States | 170.1 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 176.9 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 163.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
53 | Senegal | 170.0 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 176.2 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 163.9 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
54 | Cape Verde | 169.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 176.3 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 163.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
Trinidad and Tobago | 169.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 176.0 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 163.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | |
56 | China | 169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 175.7 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 163.5 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
Georgia | 169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 176.0 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 163.2 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | |
58 | Hungary | 169.5 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 176.6 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 162.5 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
Libya | 169.5 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 176.4 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 162.6 cm (5 ft 4 in) | |
60 | Bulgaria | 169.4 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 174.2 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 164.6 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
61 | South Korea | 169.3 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 175.5 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 163.2 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
Moldova | 169.3 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 175.6 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 163.0 cm (5 ft 4 in) | |
Tunisia | 169.3 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 176.9 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 161.7 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
64 | Seychelles | 169.2 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 175.9 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 162.5 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
65 | Fiji | 169.1 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 174.0 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 164.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
Israel | 169.1 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 176.0 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 162.2 cm (5 ft 4 in) | |
Samoa | 169.1 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 174.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 163.8 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | |
Turkey | 169.1 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 176.4 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 161.8 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
69 | Brazil | 169.0 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 175.7 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 162.4 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
Spain | 169.0 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 176.1 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 162.0 cm (5 ft 4 in) | |
71 | Bahamas | 168.9 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 174.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 163.5 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
72 | Morocco | 168.8 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 176.4 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) |
73 | Malta | 168.7 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 174.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 163.0 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
74 | Algeria | 168.6 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 175.0 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 162.3 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
North Macedonia | 168.6 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 176.4 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 160.9 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
Kazakhstan | 168.6 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 175.5 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 161.7 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
Turkmenistan | 168.6 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 174.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 162.8 cm (5 ft 4 in) | |
78 | Mali | 168.5 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 175.0 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 162.0 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
79 | Iran | 168.4 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 175.6 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) |
Suriname | 168.4 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 174.5 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 162.3 cm (5 ft 4 in) | |
81 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 168.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 173.7 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 162.8 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
82 | Albania | 168.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.1 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 162.2 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
Palestine | 168.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 175.0 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 161.3 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
Italy | 168.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.8 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
85 | Argentina | 168.0 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.8 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) |
86 | North Korea | 167.9 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.7 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) |
Uruguay | 167.9 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.3 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.6 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
Dominican Republic | 167.9 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.6 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
89 | Portugal | 167.8 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) |
90 | Egypt | 167.7 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.6 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 160.9 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) |
Azerbaijan | 167.7 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.0 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.4 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
Hong Kong (China) | 167.7 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.8 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 160.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
93 | Botswana | 167.6 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 173.2 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 162.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
Greenland (Denmark) | 167.6 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 173.8 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.4 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
95 | Kuwait | 167.5 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 175.0 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 160.1 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
96 | Tuvalu | 167.4 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 171.3 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 163.6 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
Singapore | 167.4 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 173.5 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.3 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
98 | United Arab Emirates | 167.3 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.1 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 160.5 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
99 | Costa Rica | 167.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.0 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 160.4 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
100 | Jordan | 167.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.8 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 159.5 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
Taiwan | 167.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 173.5 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 160.7 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
102 | Qatar | 167.0 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 173.3 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 160.7 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) |
103 | Chad | 166.9 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 171.8 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 162.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
104 | Cuba | 166.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 173.6 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 160.1 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
Armenia | 166.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 173.7 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 159.9 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
Paraguay | 166.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 173.8 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 159.8 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
107 | Venezuela | 166.7 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 173.5 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 160.0 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
108 | Cyprus | 166.6 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 172.7 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 160.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
Burkina Faso | 166.6 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 171.9 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 161.3 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
110 | Haiti | 166.4 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 172.2 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 160.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
111 | Cameroon | 166.2 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 172.1 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 160.4 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
Iraq | 166.2 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 173.8 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 158.7 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
Sudan | 166.2 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 172.1 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 160.4 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
114 | Chile | 166.1 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 172.9 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 159.4 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
115 | Kyrgyzstan | 165.9 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 171.7 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 160.2 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
Mauritius | 165.9 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 173.0 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 158.9 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
Guyana | 165.9 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 172.2 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 159.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
118 | Uzbekistan | 165.6 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.9 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
119 | Bahrain | 165.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 172.8 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 158.3 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) |
Kiribati | 165.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.1 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 161.0 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
Somalia | 165.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 171.2 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 159.9 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
Syria | 165.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 171.6 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 159.4 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
Thailand | 165.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 171.6 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 159.4 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
124 | Djibouti | 165.3 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.8 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.8 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
Japan | 165.3 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 172.1 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 158.5 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
Mongolia | 165.3 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.9 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
127 | Gabon | 165.2 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.5 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 160.0 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
Zimbabwe | 165.2 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.8 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
129 | São Tomé and Príncipe | 165.1 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.4 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.8 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
130 | Gambia | 165.0 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 168.4 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 161.7 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) |
Niger | 165.0 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.3 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.8 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
Oman | 165.0 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 171.7 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 158.4 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
Palau | 165.0 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.5 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
Namibia | 165.0 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 169.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
Republic of the Congo | 165.0 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 171.2 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 158.8 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
136 | Colombia | 164.9 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 171.9 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 158.0 cm (5 ft 2 in) |
Kenya | 164.9 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.5 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.4 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
138 | Nigeria | 164.8 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 171.6 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 158.1 cm (5 ft 2 in) |
139 | Guinea | 164.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.8 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) |
Saudi Arabia | 164.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.8 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
141 | Federated States of Micronesia | 164.6 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.7 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
Ghana | 164.6 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.3 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.9 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
Togo | 164.6 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.1 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.1 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
144 | Vanuatu | 164.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 168.3 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 160.5 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
145 | Central African Republic | 164.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 169.0 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 159.7 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
Belize | 164.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 170.5 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.1 cm (5 ft 2 in) | |
147 | Panama | 164.2 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 170.2 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.2 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) |
148 | Eswatini | 164.1 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 169.4 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 158.9 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) |
Eritrea | 164.1 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 157.6 cm (5 ft 2 in) | |
Mexico | 164.1 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 170.3 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 157.9 cm (5 ft 2 in) | |
South Africa | 164.1 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.6 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
152 | Nauru | 163.7 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 157.8 cm (5 ft 2 in) |
153 | Vietnam | 163.6 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 168.9 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 158.4 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) |
Uganda | 163.6 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 168.7 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 158.5 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
155 | El Salvador | 163.5 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 156.4 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |
156 | Guinea-Bissau | 163.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 168.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 158.7 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) |
Ivory Coast | 163.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 168.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 158.7 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
Benin | 163.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 168.4 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 158.4 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
159 | Angola | 163.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 168.5 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 158.1 cm (5 ft 2 in) |
160 | Tajikistan | 163.2 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 168.4 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 158.1 cm (5 ft 2 in) |
161 | Malaysia | 163.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 169.2 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 157.1 cm (5 ft 2 in) |
Equatorial Guinea | 163.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 168.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 158.0 cm (5 ft 2 in) | |
163 | Ethiopia | 163.0 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 168.8 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 157.2 cm (5 ft 2 in) |
164 | Mauritania | 162.8 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 165.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 160.1 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
165 | Nicaragua | 162.7 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 169.9 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 155.6 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |
166 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 162.4 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 168.6 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 156.3 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |
Zambia | 162.4 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 167.6 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 157.3 cm (5 ft 2 in) | |
Honduras | 162.4 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 155.2 cm (5 ft 1 in) | |
169 | Afghanistan | 162.3 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 168.5 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 156.1 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |
Lesotho | 162.3 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 167.9 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 156.7 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | |
171 | Comoros | 162.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 167.7 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 156.5 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |
172 | Sri Lanka | 162.0 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 168.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 155.9 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |
173 | Tanzania | 161.9 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 167.0 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 156.9 cm (5 ft 2 in) |
174 | Bolivia | 161.8 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 168.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 155.6 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |
Sierra Leone | 161.8 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 166.4 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 157.3 cm (5 ft 2 in) | |
176 | Rwanda | 161.3 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 166.0 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 156.7 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |
177 | Ecuador | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 167.3 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 155.2 cm (5 ft 1 in) |
Burundi | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 167.3 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 155.1 cm (5 ft 1 in) | |
179 | Bhutan | 161.1 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 167.0 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 155.2 cm (5 ft 1 in) |
Maldives | 161.1 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 167.9 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 154.3 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | |
181 | Pakistan | 161.0 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 167.3 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 154.8 cm (5 ft 1 in) |
Liberia | 161.0 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 165.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 156.5 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | |
183 | Malawi | 160.9 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 165.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 156.1 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |
184 | India | 160.8 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 166.5 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 155.2 cm (5 ft 1 in) |
185 | Myanmar | 160.7 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 166.7 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 154.7 cm (5 ft 1 in) |
186 | Brunei | 160.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 166.3 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 154.9 cm (5 ft 1 in) |
Peru | 160.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 166.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 154.4 cm (5 ft 1 in) | |
188 | Indonesia | 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 166.3 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 154.4 cm (5 ft 1 in) |
189 | Marshall Islands | 160.0 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 165.3 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 154.8 cm (5 ft 1 in) |
Cambodia | 160.0 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 165.3 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 154.7 cm (5 ft 1 in) | |
Papua New Guinea | 160.0 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 163.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 156.9 cm (5 ft 2 in) | |
192 | Solomon Islands | 159.9 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 163.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 156.8 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |
193 | Mozambique | 159.8 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 164.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 155.4 cm (5 ft 1 in) |
194 | Philippines | 159.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 165.2 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 154.1 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) |
Yemen | 159.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 164.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 154.8 cm (5 ft 1 in) | |
196 | Madagascar | 159.1 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 165.2 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 153.1 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) |
197 | Bangladesh | 158.7 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 165.1 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 152.4 cm (5 ft 0 in) |
198 | Nepal | 158.4 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 164.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 152.4 cm (5 ft 0 in) |
199 | Laos | 157.9 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 162.8 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 153.1 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) |
200 | Guatemala | 157.6 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 164.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 150.9 cm (4 ft 11+1⁄2 in) |
201 | Timor-Leste | 156.4 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 160.1 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 152.7 cm (5 ft 0 in) |
Body mass index (BMI) is a value derived from the mass (weight) and height of a person. The BMI is defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height, and is expressed in units of kg/m2, resulting from mass in kilograms (kg) and height in metres (m).
Human body weight is a person's mass or weight.
Global health is the health of populations in a worldwide context; it has been defined as "the area of study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide". Problems that transcend national borders or have a global political and economic impact are often emphasized. Thus, global health is about worldwide health improvement, reduction of disparities, and protection against global threats that disregard national borders, including the most common causes of human death and years of life lost from a global perspective.
Physical activity is defined as any voluntary bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. Physical activity encompasses all activities, at any intensity, performed during any time of day or night. It includes both voluntary exercise and incidental activity integrated into the daily routine. This integrated activity may not be planned, structured, repetitive or purposeful for the improvement of physical fitness, and may include activities such as walking to the local shop, cleaning, working, active transport etc. Lack of physical activity is associated with a range of negative health outcomes, whereas increased physical activity can improve physical and mental health, as well as cognitive and cardiovascular health. There are at least eight investments that work to increase population-level physical activity, including whole-of-school programmes, active transport, active urban design, healthcare, public education and mass media, sport for all, workplaces and community-wide programmes. Physical activity increases energy expenditure and is a key regulator in controlling body weight. In human beings, differences among individuals in the amount of physical activity have a substantial genetic basis.
India's population in 2021 as per World Bank is 1.39 billion. Being the world's most populous country and one of its fastest-growing economies, India experiences both challenges and opportunities in context of public health. India is a hub for pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries; world-class scientists, clinical trials and hospitals yet country faces daunting public health challenges like child undernutrition, high rates of neonatal and maternal mortality, growth in noncommunicable diseases, high rates of road traffic accidents and other health related issues.
A chronic condition is a health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time. The term chronic is often applied when the course of the disease lasts for more than three months. Common chronic diseases include diabetes, functional gastrointestinal disorder, eczema, arthritis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders and some viral diseases such as hepatitis C and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. An illness which is lifelong because it ends in death is a terminal illness. It is possible and not unexpected for an illness to change in definition from terminal to chronic. Diabetes and HIV for example were once terminal yet are now considered chronic due to the availability of insulin for diabetics and daily drug treatment for individuals with HIV which allow these individuals to live while managing symptoms.
Diseases of poverty, also known as poverty-related diseases, are diseases that are more prevalent in low-income populations. They include infectious diseases, as well as diseases related to malnutrition and poor health behaviour. Poverty is one of the major social determinants of health. The World Health Report (2002) states that diseases of poverty account for 45% of the disease burden in the countries with high poverty rate which are preventable or treatable with existing interventions. Diseases of poverty are often co-morbid and ubiquitous with malnutrition. Poverty increases the chances of having these diseases as the deprivation of shelter, safe drinking water, nutritious food, sanitation, and access to health services contributes towards poor health behaviour. At the same time, these diseases act as a barrier for economic growth to affected people and families caring for them which in turn results into increased poverty in the community. These diseases produced in part by poverty are in contrast to diseases of affluence, which are diseases thought to be a result of increasing wealth in a society.
In demography and medical geography, epidemiological transition is a theory which "describes changing population patterns in terms of fertility, life expectancy, mortality, and leading causes of death." For example, a phase of development marked by a sudden increase in population growth rates brought by improved food security and innovations in public health and medicine, can be followed by a re-leveling of population growth due to subsequent declines in fertility rates. Such a transition can account for the replacement of infectious diseases by chronic diseases over time due to increased life span as a result of improved health care and disease prevention. This theory was originally posited by Abdel Omran in 1971.
A non-communicable disease (NCD) is a disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another. NCDs include Parkinson's disease, autoimmune diseases, strokes, heart diseases, cancers, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, and others. NCDs may be chronic or acute. Most are non-infectious, although there are some non-communicable infectious diseases, such as parasitic diseases in which the parasite's life cycle does not include direct host-to-host transmission.
Malaysia is classified by The World Bank as upper middle-income country and is attempting to achieve high-income status by 2020 and to move further up the value-added production chain by attracting investments in high technology, knowledge-based industries and services. Malaysia's HDI value for 2015 was recorded at 0.789 and HDI rank no 59 out of 188 countries and territories on the United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Index. In 2016, the population of Malaysia is 31 million; Total expenditure on health per capita is 1040; Total expenditure on health as % of GDP (2014) was 4.2. Gross national income (GNI) per capita was recorded at 24,620.
Health in Ethiopia has improved markedly since the early 2000s, with government leadership playing a key role in mobilizing resources and ensuring that they are used effectively. A central feature of the sector is the priority given to the Health Extension Programme, which delivers cost-effective basic services that enhance equity and provide care to millions of women, men and children. The development and delivery of the Health Extension Program, and its lasting success, is an example of how a low-income country can still improve access to health services with creativity and dedication.
The Tajikistan health system is influenced by the former Soviet legacy. It is ranked as the poorest country within the WHO European region, including the lowest total health expenditure per capita. Tajikistan is ranked 129th as Human Development Index of 188 countries, with an Index of 0.627 in 2016. In 2016, the SDG Index value was 56. In Tajikistan health indicators such as infant and maternal mortality rates are among the highest of the former Soviet republics. In the post-Soviet era, life expectancy has decreased because of poor nutrition, polluted water supplies, and increased incidence of cholera, malaria, tuberculosis, and typhoid. Because the health care system has deteriorated badly and receives insufficient funding and because sanitation and water supply systems are in declining condition, Tajikistan has a high risk of epidemic disease.
Bangladesh is one of the most populous countries in the world, as well as having one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Consequently, Bangladesh faces challenges and opportunities in regards to public health. A remarkable metamorphosis has unfolded in Bangladesh, encompassing the demographic, health, and nutritional dimensions of its populace.
North Korea has a life expectancy of 74 years as of 2022. While North Korea is classified as a low-income country, the structure of North Korea's causes of death (2013) is unlike that of other low-income countries. Rather, causes of death are closer to the worldwide averages, with non-communicable diseases – such as cardiovascular disease – accounting for two-thirds of the total deaths.
The waist-to-height ratio is the waist circumference divided by body height, both measured in the same units.
Malawi ranks 170th out of 174 in the World Health Organization lifespan tables; 88% of the population live on less than £2.40 per day; and 50% are below the poverty line.
Zambia is a landlocked country in Sub Saharan Africa which experiences a burden of both communicable and non-communicable diseases. In line with WHO agenda for equity in health, it has adopted the Universal Health Coverage agenda to mitigate the challenges faced within the health sector. The Ministry of Health (MOH) provides information pertaining to Zambian health. The main focus of the Ministry of Health has been provision of uninterrupted care with emphasis on health systems strengthening and services via the primary health care approach.
The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that the Solomon Islands is fulfilling 78.8% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income. When looking at the right to health with respect to children, the Solomon Islands achieves 100.0% of what is expected based on its current income. In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves 97.6% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income. Solomon Islands falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling only 38.9% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available.
Montenegro is a country with an area of 13,812 square kilometres and a population of 620,029, according to the 2011 census. The country is bordered by Croatia, the Adriatic Sea, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo and Albania. The most common health issues faced are non-communicable diseases accounting for 95% of all deaths. This is followed by 4% of mortality due to injury, and 1% due to communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions. Other health areas of interest are alcohol consumption, which is the most prevalent disease of addiction within Montenegro and smoking. Montenegro has one of the highest tobacco usage rates across Europe. Life expectancy for men is 74 years, and life expectancy for women is 79.
Within the Pacific, Tonga is recognised to have some of the highest overall health standards, implementing a combination of preventative and immediate strategies to curb rates of communicable disease, child mortality and overall life expectancy. The Tongan government aims to continue such levels of health through achieving their Millennium Development Goals (MDG) detailing their focus on improving their healthcare system within the areas of maternal and infant health as well as improve access to immunisation, safe water and sanitation.
The number of cases was 57,574, with an average age of 48 years and a median age of 47 years. They were all over 18 years old at the time of the investigation. Regardless of age, urbanity or rurality, ethnic groups, or provinces, the average height of males was 169.60 cm, while the average height of females was 158.88 cm. The gender difference was significant (P< 0.000).
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: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)The mean height of young Montenegrin males aged 17–20 years is 183.4 cm (Popović, 2017), although this value would slightly decrease to 182.9 cm, if we took population size in individual municipalities into account.