Bean weevil

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Bean weevils
Temporal range: Cenomanian–Recent
Bruchinae in Xinjiang.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Chrysomelidae
Subfamily: Bruchinae
Latreille, 1802 [1]
Tribes and subtribes [2]
Diversity [4]
About 1,650 species in 70 genera
Synonyms

Lariidae Bedel, 1901

Damage to beans by larvae of the common bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus Bonenkever Acanthoscelides obtectus.jpg
Damage to beans by larvae of the common bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus

The bean weevils or seed beetles are a subfamily (Bruchinae) of beetles, now placed in the family Chrysomelidae, though they have historically been treated as a separate family. They are granivores, and typically infest various kinds of seeds or beans, living most of their lives inside a single seed. The subfamily includes about 1,650 species and are found worldwide.

Contents

Bean weevils are generally compact and oval in shape, with small heads somewhat bent under. Sizes range from 1 to 22 mm for some tropical species. Colors are usually black or brown, often with mottled patterns. Although their mandibles may be elongated, they do not have the long snouts characteristic of true weevils.

Adults deposit eggs on seeds, then the larvae chew their way into the seed. When ready to pupate, the larvae typically cut an exit hole, then return to their feeding chamber. Adult weevils have a habit of feigning death and dropping from a plant when disturbed.

Host plants tend to be legumes, but species will also be found in Convolvulaceae, Arecaceae, and Malvaceae, and several species are considered pests.

One characteristic of the beetles which can be seen in the photo is that the elytra are short, not quite reaching the tip of the abdomen.

Several species are native to Great Britain, but there are also records of several introduced species from stored products in warehouses and dwellings, although these species cannot proliferate outside of heated buildings in that climate.

Genera

This list of genera uses the new classification, treating the bean weevils as a subfamily with six extant tribes, eight or nine subtribes, and one extinct tribe. The former names and ranks for the tribes and subtribes under the old classification, treating the been weevils as a family, are given in parentheses (except for Myanmaropini, which was established only for the new classification). [5] [6]

Notes

  1. This subtribe is sometimes combined with Acanthoscelidina.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leaf beetle</span> Family of beetles

The insects of the beetle family Chrysomelidae are commonly known as leaf beetles, and include over 37,000 species in more than 2,500 genera, making up one of the largest and most commonly encountered of all beetle families. Numerous subfamilies are recognized, but the precise taxonomy and systematics are likely to change with ongoing research.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Belidae</span> Family of beetles

Belidae is a family of weevils, called belids or primitive weevils because they have straight antennae, unlike the "true weevils" or Curculionidae which have geniculate (elbowed) antennae. They are sometimes known as "cycad weevils", but this properly refers to a few species from the genera Parallocorynus and Rhopalotria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nemonychidae</span> Family of beetles

Nemonychidae is a small family of weevils, placed within the primitive weevil group because they have straight rather than geniculate (elbowed) antennae. They are often called pine flower weevils. As in the Anthribidae, the labrum appears as a separate segment to the clypeus, and the maxillary palps are long and projecting. Nemonychidae have all ventrites free, while Anthribidae have ventrites 1-4 connate or partially fused. Nemonychidae lack lateral carinae on the pronotum, while these are usually present, though may be short, in Anthribidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhynchitidae</span> Family of beetles

The tooth-nosed snout weevils, Rhynchitidae, are small beetles that are usually found in vegetation. They usually use buds, fruits, or seeds for oviposition. The tooth-nosed snout weevils receive this name due to the teeth on the edges of their mandibles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Entiminae</span> Subfamily of beetles

The Entiminae are a large subfamily in the weevil family Curculionidae, containing most of the short-nosed weevils, including such genera as Entimus, Otiorhynchus, Phyllobius, Sitona, and Pachyrrhynchus. In comparison with their stunning diversity, only a few of these weevils are notorious pests of major economic importance. Entimines are commonly encountered in the field, including urban environments, and abundant in entomological collections.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mordellidae</span> Family of beetles

The Mordellidae are a family of beetles commonly known as tumbling flower beetles for the typical irregular movements they make when escaping predators, or as pintail beetles due to their abdominal tip which aids them in performing these tumbling movements. Worldwide, there are about 1500 species.

<i>Stator</i> (beetle) Genus of beetles

Stator is a genus of seed beetles in the family Chrysomelidae. There are about 14 described species in Stator. Most members of the genus specialize on legumes.

<i>Caryobruchus gleditsiae</i> Species of beetle

Caryobruchus gleditsiae is a species of beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It lives in North and Central America and develops inside the seeds of palm trees. Adults grow to a maximum length of 11 mm (0.43 in), the size depending on the size of the seed it grew up in. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1763 Centuria Insectorum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carabinae</span> Subfamily of beetles

Carabinae is a subfamily of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, containing ten genera and over fourteen hundred described species. It has two tribes, the Cychrini Laporte (1834) and Carabini Latreille (1802). The latter is divided into two subtribes, the Carabina Latreille (1802) and Ceroglossina Vacher de Lapouge (1927).

<i>Spermophagus</i> Genus of beetles

Spermophagus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Chrysomelidae subfamily Bruchinae.

<i>Acanthoscelides</i> Genus of beetles

Acanthoscelides is a genus of bean weevils of the subfamily Bruchinae. They are native to the New World. About one third of them can be found in Mexico.

<i>Bruchidius</i> Genus of beetles

Bruchidius is a genus of beetles in the bean weevil subfamily (Bruchinae) of the leaf beetle family, Chrysomelidae. Most are native to the Old World.

<i>Bruchus</i> Genus of beetles

Bruchus is a genus of beetles in the leaf beetle family, Chrysomelidae. They are distributed mainly in the Palearctic, especially in Europe. Several occur in other parts of the world, such as North America, Africa, and Australia, as introduced species. Several species are notorious agricultural pests.

<i>Callosobruchus</i> Genus of beetles

Callosobruchus is a genus of beetles in the family Chrysomelidae, the leaf beetles. It is in the subfamily Bruchinae, the bean weevils. Many beetles in the genus are well known as economically important pests that infest stored foodstuffs.

<i>Bruchidius siliquastri</i> Species of beetle

Bruchidius siliquastri is a species of bean weevil. It was first found in pods of Cercis siliquastrum in China, and has thence been found in several continents. Its length ranges from 2.8 to 3.7 millimetres. Its body is short and ovate, with a black integument. The apex of its femora and the ventral part of its hind tarsi are reddish. Its vestiture is made of thin and short setae; dorsally setae are a whitish colour, denser on the scutellum. Its pygidium is also covered with setae. Its name is derived from its host plant.

<i>Bruchus pisorum</i> Species of beetle

Bruchus pisorum, known generally as pea weevil, is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. Other common names include the pea beetle and pea seed beetle. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia, North America, and temperate Asia.

<i>Amblycerus</i> Genus of beetles

Amblycerus is a genus of pea and bean weevils in the beetle family Chrysomelidae. There are more than 60 described species in Amblycerus.

Bruchidius anderssoni, is a species of leaf beetle found in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam.

<i>Bruchidius nalandus</i> Species of beetle

Bruchidius nalandus, is a species of leaf beetle found in Congo, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kenya, South Africa, Sri Lanka, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam and Socotra Island.

<i>Rhaebus</i> (beetle) Genus of seed beetles

Rhaebus is a genus of metallic bean weevils in the subfamily Bruchinae, and the only member of the tribe Rhaebini. It is restricted to the Palearctic region.

References

  1. "Bruchinae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  2. Bouchard, Patrice; Bousquet, Yves; Davies, Anthony E.; Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A.; Lawrence, John F.; Lyal, Chris H. C.; Newton, Alfred F.; Reid, Chris A. M.; Schmitt, Michael; Ślipiński, S. Adam; Smith, Andrew B. T. (2011). "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)". ZooKeys (88): 1–972. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.88.807 . PMC   3088472 . PMID   21594053.
  3. 1 2 Legalov, Andrei A.; Kirejtshuk, Alexander G.; Anokhin, Boris A. (March 2020). "The oldest seed beetle (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) from Upper Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar with description of new tribe, genus and species". Cretaceous Research. 107: 104283. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104283. S2CID   210632430.
  4. Morse, Geoffrey (2014). "2.7.1 Bruchinae Latreille, 1802". In Leschen, R.A.B.; Beutel, R.G. (eds.). Handbook of Zoology. Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Volume 3: Morphology and Systematics (Phytophaga). Berlin - Boston: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 189–198. doi:10.1515/9783110274462.189. ISBN   978-3-11-027370-0.
  5. "Species Information". BRUCHBASE. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
  6. "Coleoptera: Bruchidae". Coleoptera.org. Archived from the original on 15 September 2009. Retrieved 29 July 2021.