History
Belfast West has historically been the most nationalist of Belfast's four constituencies, though it is only in the last few decades that the votes for unionist parties have plunged to tiny levels. The constituency is largely made of a long, slender, belt along the Falls Road and its suburban extensions, with three of the five wards from the staunchly unionist Shankill area now something of a bolt-on, with a several kilometre (miles) long peace line dividing them from the rest of the constituency. There is also a smaller Protestant enclave at Suffolk.
The tenor of the constituency is largely working class and in the 1991 census it was one of only twenty constituencies where the majority of housing was still state-owned. Although there are now large pockets of middle-class housing in Andersonstown and other suburban parts of the seat. Closer to the centre public-sector terraced housing, both Victorian and high quality modern housing, predominates, while in the suburbs, leafy pockets are scattered among post-War housing estates such as Lenadoon and Twinbrook.
For twenty years, the Westminster constituency was consistently held by the Ulster Unionist Party but always had strong Labour movement sympathies. In the 1923 general election, the Belfast Labour Party came within 1,000 votes of taking the seat. A by-election in 1943 was won by Jack Beattie, standing for the Northern Ireland Labour Party. For the next twenty-three years the seat would regularly change from unionist to nationalist/labour, with the latter represented by a variety of parties.
In the 1966 general election the seat was won by Gerry Fitt of the Republican Labour Party. Later in 1970 he left that party to become a founder and first leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party. In the February 1974 general election, Belfast West was the only constituency in Northern Ireland to elect an MP supporting the Sunningdale Agreement. Fitt's majority was a narrow 2,180 votes in February 1974 primarily due to the candidature of Albert Price, father of the Price sisters who were in prison in England for Provisional IRA–related offences. However the candidacy of a UVF-backed candidate in October 1974 and a declining Unionist vote in 1979 led to him increasing his majorities in subsequent years. He retained the seat for the next nine years but increasingly distanced himself from nationalist groups and in late 1979 he left the SDLP. He sat as an independent socialist but lost his seat in the 1983 general election when it was won by Gerry Adams of Sinn Féin. The Unionist vote which had still been at 30% in the 1982 Assembly elections was cut to 20% as a result of the 1983 boundary changes which, while adding the loyalist Glencairn area, removed the Donegall Road, Sandy Row and added the Nationalist Lenadoon area.
Adams's share of the vote, at 37%, was short of a majority and he achieved victory only due to Fitt and the SDLP candidate splitting the non–Sinn Féin vote. At the 1987 general election Adams narrowly held his seat, but lost it in the 1992 general election amidst a strong tactical voting campaign in favour of Joe Hendron of the Social Democratic and Labour Party by unionists [2] in the Shankill Road area of the constituency. After the election a constituent, Maura McCrory, lodged an election petition challenging the result. The election court reported Hendron personally guilty of the illegal practice of failing to deliver a declaration verifying the return of his election expenses, and guilty through his election agent of failing to deliver a verified return of election expenses within 35 days, exceeding the maximum spending by £782.02, and failing to pay all the expenses within 28 days. Hendron's agent was also reported personally guilty of distributing election material without the name and address of the printer and publisher. The Judges granted both Hendron and his agent relief from their findings, on the grounds that the law had been broken through inadvertence; they therefore certified that Hendron had been duly elected. [3]
In the mid-1990s the Boundary Commission originally suggested removing the Shankill wards from the constituency and replacing them with about half of the Belfast South constituency, namely the 6 wards of the Balmoral Electoral Area and the Shaftesbury ward, effectively transforming the seat into a Belfast South West constituency.
The subsequent local enquiries were bitterly contested with the SDLP favouring the commission's original proposals which would add an area where Sinn Féin had little support (and aside from the Shaftesbury ward, had not contested in council elections), while Sinn Féin argued instead for adding the mostly republican Twinbrook and Poleglass estates (where they were outpolling the SDLP in council elections by a margin of 3 to 1). With all parties except the SDLP supporting an option of retaining four seats in Belfast the latter option became the commissions final proposals and the Shankill wards remained in the constituency.
The boundary changes, coupled with the IRA ceasefire, meant that support for Sinn Féin in the constituency soared to new levels and in all elections held in the seat since 1996 they have taken over 50% of the vote. In 1997 Adams regained the seat and held it in 2001, 2005 and 2010. In 2011, Adams decided to stand in the 2011 Irish general election and vacated his seat.
In the 2016 referendum to leave the European Union, the constituency voted remain by 74.1%. [4]
In 2017, it ranked the most secure of Northern Ireland's 18 seats by percentage and/or numerical tally of its winning majority, followed by North Down and by North Antrim respectively. [5]
Boundaries
Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, the parliamentary borough of Belfast was expanded. The 2-seat borough constituency of Belfast was divided into four divisions: East, South, West, and North.
The city boundaries were expanded under the Belfast Corporation Act 1896. Under the Redistribution of Seats (Ireland) Act 1918, the parliamentary borough was extended to include the whole city and the number of divisions increased from 4 to 9. The Falls, St Anne's and Woodvale divisions largely replaced the West division. [6] [7] These boundaries were in effect at the 1918 general election.
The Government of Ireland Act 1920 established the Parliament of Northern Ireland, which came into operation in 1921. The representation of Northern Ireland in the Parliament of the United Kingdom was reduced from 30 MPs to 13 MPs, taking effect at the 1922 United Kingdom general election. These changes saw a 4-seat Belfast West constituency in the House of Commons of Northern Ireland and Belfast West re-established as a one-seat constituency at Westminster.
| 1885–1918 | So much of St. Anne's Ward as is bounded on the north-west by a line drawn along the centre of Carrick Hill; so much of St. George's Ward as lies to the north of a line drawn along the centre of Grosvenor Street and west of a line drawn along the centre of Durham Street; Smithfield Ward; and in the parish of Shankill, in the County of Antrim, the townlands of— Ballymagarry, and Ballymurphy. [8] |
| 1922–1950 | The divisions of Falls (Falls and Smithfield wards), St. Anne's (St. Anne's and St. George's wards) and Woodvale (Court and Woodale wards). [9] |
| 1950–1974 | In the county borough of Belfast, the wards of Court, Falls, St. Anne's, St. George's, Smithfield, and Woodvale. [10] |
| 1974–1983 | In the county borough of Belfast, the wards of Court, Falls, St Anne's, St George's, Smithfield, and Woodvale, and in the rural district of Lisburn, the electoral divisions of Andersonstown, Ballygammon, and Ladybrook. [11] |
| 1983–1997 | The district of Belfast wards of Andersonstown, Ballygomartin, Central, Clonard, Court, Falls, Grosvenor, Highfield, Ladybrook, Milltown, North Howard, St James, Suffolk, and Whiterock. [12] [13] [14] |
| 1997–2010 | The district of Belfast wards of Andersonstown, Beechmount, Clonard, Falls, Falls Park, Glencairn, Glencolin, Glen Road, Highfield, Ladybrook, Shankill, Upper Springfield and Whiterock, and the district of Lisburn wards of Collin Glen, Kilwee, Poleglass and Twinbrook. [15] |
| 2010–2024 | The district of Belfast wards of Andersonstown, Beechmount, Clonard, Falls, Falls Park, Glencairn, Glencolin, Glen Road, Highfield, Ladybrook, Shankill, Upper Springfield and Whiterock; and the Lisburn city wards of Collin Glen, Dunmurry, Kilwee, Poleglass, and Twinbrook; and in Lisburn City, that part of Derryaghy ward lying to the north of the Derryaghy and Lagmore townland boundary. [16] |
| 2024– | The following wards of Belfast City Council— Andersonstown, Ballygomartin, Ballymurphy, Beechmount, Clonard, Collin Glen, Dunmurry, Falls, Falls Park, Ladybrook, Lagmore, Poleglass, Shankill, Shaw's Road, Stewartstown, Turf Lodge, Twinbrook, Woodvale. In the area of Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council, the Derryaghy ward. [17] |
