Bolma

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Bolma
Temporal range: Eocene–Recent
Turbinidae - Bolma rugosa.JPG
A fossil shell of Bolma rugosa from Pliocene of Italy
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Vetigastropoda
Order: Trochida
Superfamily: Trochoidea
Family: Turbinidae
Genus: Bolma
Risso, 1826 [1]
Type species
Bolma rugosa
Linnaeus, C., 1767
Synonyms
  • Astralium (Bolma)Risso, 1826
  • Bolma (Ormastralium)Sacco, 1896 - alternate representation
  • GaleoastraeaHabe, 1958 (not available)
  • HirasazaeaHabe, 1958 (not available)
  • † IncilasterFinlay, 1926
  • † OobolmaSacco, 1896
  • † OrmastraliumSacco, 1896
  • PseudastraliumSchepman, 1908
  • SenobolmaOkutani, 1964
  • TubicanthusSwains, 1840
  • † TylastraliumSacco, 1896

Bolma is a genus of medium to large sea snails with a calcareous operculum, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. [2] [3]

Contents

Fossil records

The genus is known from the Eocene to the Recent periods (age range: from 33.9 to 0.0 million years ago). Fossils shells have been found in France, Greece, Japan, Morocco, Spain, Vanuatu, Guam, Cyprus, Greece, South Africa, Spain, Austria, Italy, Slovakia, New Zealand, Australia and Tonga. There are about 5 extinct species. [4]

Description

The central teeth of the radula have no cusps. They have a narrow long basal plate, which is produced above the body of the tooth. The latter is wide, oval, and not reflected above. Its lower margin is not well-defined in my specimens which are, however, not stained. The laterals are of the usual form and bear cusps.

The imperforate shell has a turbinate shape. The spire is conic with whorls rounded at the periphery. The upper whorls are spiny. The base of the shell is convex. The operculum is nearly round with an excentric nucleus. The outside of the shell is polished, concave in the middle, with a convexity or rib upon the center of the spiral. [5]

Distribution

This marine genus has a wide distribution. It occurs in the Red Sea, the Eastern Indian Ocean, the West Pacific, the South China Sea, the East China Sea, and off South Africa, Indo-China, the Philippines, Japan, Indonesia, New Caledonia, New Zealand and Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland).

Species

According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following species are included within the genus Bolma: [2]

The following species are also included in the Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database [7]

Bolma persica Bolma erectospinosa 002.jpg
Bolma persica

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Turbinidae</span> Family of gastropods

Turbinidae, the turban snails, are a family of small to large marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Trochoidea.

<i>Astralium</i> Genus of gastropods

Astralium, common name star snails, is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails and star snails.

<i>Bolma andersoni</i> Species of gastropod

Bolma andersoni, common name Anderson's star shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

<i>Bolma girgyllus</i> Species of gastropod

Bolma girgyllus, common name the girgyllus star snail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

<i>Bolma modesta</i> Species of gastropod

Bolma modesta, common name the modest bolma, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

<i>Bolma persica</i> Species of gastropod

Bolma persica, common name the peach bolma, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

<i>Guildfordia</i> Genus of gastropods

Guildfordia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

<i>Bolma aureola</i> Species of gastropod

Bolma aureola, common name the golden turbo shell or the scaly star shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

<i>Bolma bartschii</i> Species of gastropod

Bolma bartschii, common name Bartsch's star bolma, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

<i>Bolma castelinae</i> Species of gastropod

Bolma castelinae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

Bolma exotica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

<i>Bolma guttata</i> Species of gastropod

Bolma guttata, common name the sandpaper bolma, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

<i>Bolma henica</i> Species of gastropod

Bolma henica, common names abyssal dolma and deep sea star shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

Bolma kermadecensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

Bolma kiharai is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

Bolma midwayensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

Bolma somaliensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

<i>Bolma tamikoana</i> Species of gastropod

Bolma tamikoana is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

<i>Bolma tayloriana</i> Species of gastropod

Bolma tayloriana, common name Taylor's star shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

Bolma venusta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

References

  1. ↑ Risso, A. (1826). Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Vol. 4. Paris: F.G. Levrault. pp. 1–439 [117].
  2. 1 2 Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O, eds. (2024). "Bolma Risso, 1826". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 22 March 2024.
  3. ↑ Beu, A. G.; Ponder, Winston F. (1979). "A revision of the species of Bolma Risso, 1826 (Gastropoda: Turbinidae)". Records of the Australian Museum. 32 (1): 1–68. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.32.1979.201.
  4. ↑ "Bolma". Paleobiology Database. Fossilworks.
  5. ↑ G.W. Tryon (1888), Manual of Conchology X; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
  6. ↑ Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN   0-00-216906-1
  7. ↑ OBIS : Bolma
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