Burro Schmidt Tunnel

Last updated
Burro Schmidt Tunnel
Tunnel south entrance.JPG
South entrance to the tunnel
Overview
Location Kern County, California
Coordinates 35°24.62′N117°52.55′W / 35.41033°N 117.87583°W / 35.41033; -117.87583 Coordinates: 35°24.62′N117°52.55′W / 35.41033°N 117.87583°W / 35.41033; -117.87583
Start1900
End1938
Technical
Length0.5 mi (0.8 km)
Grade
Burro Schmidt's Tunnel
USA California location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Usa edcp location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Nearest city Ridgecrest, California
Area11.5 acres (4.7 ha)
Built1900–1938
EngineerSchmidt, William Henry (Father)
Architectural styleEarthen tunnel
NRHP reference No. 03000113 [1]
Added to NRHPMarch 20, 2003
Inside the tunnel Burro Schmidt's Tunnel - inside - 2014.jpg
Inside the tunnel

The historical Burro Schmidt Tunnel is located in the El Paso Mountains of the northern Mojave Desert, in eastern Kern County, southern California.

Contents

It is a 0.5-mile (0.80 km) mining tunnel dug with hand tools and dynamite over a 38-year period by William "Burro" H. Schmidt (1871–1954). [2] in the El Paso Mountains of eastern California.

The tunnel is below the summit of a 4,400-foot (1,300 m) mountain. Its southern adit (portal) overlooks the Fremont Valley, Koehn Dry Lake, and the ghost towns of Garlock and Saltdale.[ citation needed ]

History

While mining gold in the El Paso Mountains, “Burro” Schmidt was faced with a dangerous ridge between his mining claims and the smelter to the south in Mojave. Schmidt said that he would "never haul his ore to the Mojave smelter down that back trail" using his two burros. Thus, he began his tunnel in 1900. The tunnel was about 6 feet (1.8 m) tall and 10 feet (3.0 m) wide. It was cut through solid granite bedrock and required little shoring. However, Schmidt was trapped many times by falling rock and injured often. He eventually installed a mining cart on rails.[ citation needed ]

In 1920 a road was completed from Last Chance Canyon to Mojave, eliminating the need for the tunnel, but Schmidt claimed to be obsessed with completion and dug on. [3]

By 1938 he had achieved his "goal", having dug through nearly 2,500 feet (760 m) of solid granite using only a pick, a shovel, and a four-pound hammer for the initial section, and carefully placed dynamite with notoriously short fuses for the majority portion. It was estimated that he had moved 5,800 tons (5,260 metric tonnes) of rock with just a wheelbarrow [4] to complete his work.[ citation needed ]

Schmidt never used the tunnel to move his mine's ore. Instead, he sold the tunnel to another miner and moved away. A Ripley's Believe It or Not! cartoon celebrated the feat, calling him the human mole. Schmidt's cabin, down below in Garlock, has been largely abandoned and stands as it was in the 1930s, preserved by the dry climate.[ citation needed ]

Ownership dispute

Ownership of land underlying a mining claim remains with the United States government, under the management of the Bureau of Land Management, with only mining rights transferred to the mining claim owner. Whereas no mining operations are underway, the Bureau of Land Management states that they own the Schmidt Tunnel and associated surrounding land, because it is an unpatented mining claim under the General Mining Act of 1872, meaning that all rights reverted to the BLM under the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 upon the death of the grandfathered claimant, Evelyn A. (Tonie) Seger, who had possessed the claim prior to 1976. [ citation needed ]

This is in dispute, as Seger is claimed by heirs to have maintained the claim legally under the terms of the Mining Act and properly transferred the mining claim upon her death to David Ayers, her caretaker for the last years of her life. As of 2003 David Ayers and Mr. F. Schmidt claimed to be legal owners of the mining claim containing the Schmidt Tunnel.[ citation needed ]

The historical buildings on the mining claim site were transferred by Tonie Seger's will to her granddaughter, Cheryl Kelly. The BLM assumed ownership of the historic buildings via publication of an abandonment notice after multiple attempts to contact then-owner Cheryl Kelly by both BLM personnel and private parties in order to preserve the site failed. According to the BLM, long-time caretaker David Ayers was offered the opportunity to sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the BLM to be the full-time caretaker of the site, but refused to sign unless he was paid to be the caretaker and instead chose to leave to work elsewhere after being informed he had no legal right to remain at the site without that MOU. [5]

Preservation

A small group of history buffs and outdoorspeople, The Friends of Last Canyon [6] are actively preserving the site, but ongoing disputes about ownership of the mining claim and historic structures continue to interfere with preservation efforts. As a result, Schmidt's cabin has fallen prey to vandalism. [7]

Media

The second half of Episode #509 of California's Gold with Huell Howser, which was first aired in September 1994, is devoted to the Burro Schmidt Tunnel. (See external links, below.) Roadkill aired an episode with David Freiburger and Steve Dulcich in which they walk through the tunnel and give its history.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bureau of Land Management</span> Agency within the US Department of the Interior

The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior responsible for administering federal lands. Headquartered in Washington DC, and with oversight over 247.3 million acres (1,001,000 km2), it governs one eighth of the country's landmass.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mojave River</span> River in California, United States

The Mojave River is an intermittent river in the eastern San Bernardino Mountains and the Mojave Desert in San Bernardino County, California, United States. Most of its flow is underground, while its surface channels remain dry most of the time, except for the headwaters and several bedrock gorges in the lower reaches.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red Rock Canyon State Park (California)</span> State park in California, United States

Red Rock Canyon State Park is a state park in the U.S. state of California which features scenic desert cliffs, buttes and spectacular rock formations. The park consists of approximately 27,000 acres (110 km2) within the Mojave Sector of the Tehachapi District of the California State Park System, and is located along State Highway 14 in Kern County, about 80 miles (129 km) east of Bakersfield and 25 miles (40 km) north of Mojave, where the southernmost tip of the Sierra Nevada converges with the El Paso Mountains.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">El Paso Mountains Wilderness</span> Protected wilderness area in California, United States

The El Paso Mountains Wilderness was created in 1994 and now has a total of 23,780 acres (96.2 km2). All of the wilderness is in the northern Mojave Desert in eastern Kern County, California and is managed by the Bureau of Land Management. It is located south of Ridgecrest, California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Garlock, California</span> Unincorporated community in California, United States

Garlock is an unincorporated community in Kern County, California. It is located 6.25 miles (10 km) east-southeast of Saltdale, at an elevation of 2169 feet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chuckwalla Mountains</span> Mountain range in California, United States

The Chuckwalla Mountains are a mountain range in the transition zone between the Colorado Desert—Sonoran Desert and the Mojave Desert, climatically and vegetationally, in Riverside County of southern California.

The Rand Mountains are located in the Mojave Desert northeast of California City and southwest of the town of Randsburg.

The Palen Mountains are located in the southern Mojave Desert – northern Colorado Desert in eastern Riverside County, California, US. The range lies southeast of the Coxcomb Mountains, and northeast of the Chuckwalla Mountains near Interstate 10. The mountains lie in a southwest-northeasterly direction and are approximately 15 miles long and nine miles wide at their widest point.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Whipple Mountains</span> Landform in San Bernardino County, Arizona

The Whipple Mountains are located in eastern San Bernardino County, California. They are directly west of the Colorado River, Parker Dam, and Lake Havasu; south of Needles, California; north of Parker, Arizona and Vidal, California; and northeast of Vidal Junction, California.

The El Paso Mountains are located in the northern Mojave Desert, in central Southern California in the Western United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument</span> Protected area in California

The Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument is a National Monument in southern California. It includes portions of the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto mountain ranges, the northernmost ones of the Peninsular Ranges system. The national monument covers portions of Riverside County, west of the Coachella Valley, approximately 100 miles (160 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eldorado Mountains</span> Mountain range in Nevada, US

The Eldorado Mountains, also called the El Dorado Mountains, are a north-south trending mountain range in southeast Nevada bordering west of the south-flowing Colorado River; the endorheic Eldorado Valley borders the range to the west, and the range is also on the western border of the Colorado River's Black Canyon of the Colorado, and El Dorado Canyon on the river. The range is 50 miles (80 km) southeast of Las Vegas, Nevada; and the Eldorado Mountains connect with the Highland and Newberry mountains.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kiavah Wilderness</span> Protected wilderness area in California, United States

The Kiavah Wilderness is a federally designated wilderness area located in the Mojave Desert, Scodie Mountains, and southern Sierra Nevada in Kern County, California, United States. California State Route 178 connects the town of Lake Isabella to State Highway 14 in the east, crossing Walker Pass at the north boundary of the wilderness.

The Sylvania Mountains Wilderness is a federally designated wilderness area located 30 miles (48 km) east of Bishop in the state of California. The wilderness is 18,677acres in size and is managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The California Desert Protection Act of 1994 created the Sylvania Mountains Wilderness and was added to the National Wilderness Preservation System. The wilderness is bordered by Nevada stateline on the east, Piper Mountain Wilderness on the west and Death Valley National Park to the south.

Koehn Lake is a dry lake, and seasonally endorheic lake, in the Fremont Valley of the Mojave Desert, in eastern Kern County, California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jawbone Canyon</span>

Jawbone Canyon is a geographic feature in the Mojave Desert and a Bureau of Land Management area located in Kern County, California, 20 miles (32 km) north of Mojave on CA 14 near Cantil, CA. The area is a popular destination for hikers and off road vehicle enthusiasts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Castle Mountains National Monument</span> Protected area in Mojave Desert, California

Castle Mountains National Monument is a U.S. National Monument located in the eastern Mojave Desert and northeastern San Bernardino County, in the state of California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mojave Trails National Monument</span> National monument in California, United States

Mojave Trails National Monument is a large U.S. National Monument located in the state of California between Interstates 15 and 40. It partially surrounds the Mojave National Preserve. It was designated by President Barack Obama on February 12, 2016, along with Castle Mountains National Monument and Sand to Snow National Monument, also in southern California. It is under the administration of the Bureau of Land Management.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sand to Snow National Monument</span> National monument in California, United States

Sand to Snow National Monument is a U.S. National Monument located in San Bernardino County and northern Riverside County, Southern California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow Aster Mine</span> Former gold mine in California

Yellow Aster Mine was a large gold mine in Southern California.

References

  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  2. McLellan, Dennis (June 15, 2003). "Evelyn 'Tonie' Seger, 95; Keeper of Tunnel in the Mojave Desert That Became a Tourist Draw". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved October 9, 2012.
  3. Langley, Christopher (2014-06-11). "William 'Burro' Schmidt and His Tunnel to Nowhere". KCET. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  4. Schwartz, Scott. "Burro Schmidt's Tunnel: Miner's Shortcut to Nowhere". DesertUSA. DesertUSA. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  5. Archived December 3, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  6. Tflcc.org: Friends of Last Canyon
  7. "Burro Schmidt Tunnel pics". Archived from the original on 2009-04-23. Retrieved 2009-02-20.