Carlton House | |
Location | United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado |
---|---|
Coordinates | 38°57′58″N104°51′2″W / 38.96611°N 104.85056°W |
Architect | Richard S. Requa |
Architectural style | Spanish Colonial Revival |
NRHP reference No. | 89001785 |
CSRHP No. | 5EP.1222 |
Significant dates | |
Added to NRHP | November 3, 1989 [1] |
Designated CSRHP | November 3, 1989 [2] |
Carlton House is a historic Spanish Colonial Revival house located in Pine Valley of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado. [2] It has been used as a residence for Mrs. Albert E. Carlton, a country club called the Pine Valley Club and, among other Academy functions, a residence for the United States Air Force Academy Superintendent.
Richard Requa, an architect from San Diego designed the Spanish Colonial Revival house. The main house was built in two phases: the first floor was completed in 1930 and the second floor was completed in 1935. A total of nine buildings were built on the Carlton House property, [2] which includes two guest houses, an auxiliary kitchen, a tea house, pool house, bath house, two stables and a swimming pool. The complex sits on 25.9 acres of heavily wooded with pine, scrub oak and many varieties of evergreen. West Monument Creek crosses the southern edge of the property. Rampart Range to the west of the property affords scenic views from the house and property. [3]
Richard Requa's designs were a "Southern California Style" of Spanish Colonial Revival architecture which he defined in his book Architectural Details: Spain and the Mediterranean: [3]
- Buildings simple in mass and pleasing in outline and proportion
- Walls built of rough masonry, finished on the exterior with stucco, whitewashed or tinted light pastel shades
- Roofs either flat or low pitched, covered with well rounded, burned clay tiles
- Ornament used with restraint, discrimination, and with definite reason and purpose
- Exterior interest obtained by wrought iron, wood or stucco, window grilles, shutters, balconies or similar practical features
- Focal point of exterior usually the main entrance where the finest ornamental work is concentrated
- Courts, patios and gardens an indispensable feature of the architectural treatment
The house was first built as a residence for Albert E. Carlton and his wife Ethel Frizzell-Carlton. In 1928, Carlton purchased the property from William A. Otis to build a home for his wife. Carlton was a successful businessman, having invested in mines, banks and railroads. He was named "King of Cripple Creek" due to the success of his mines there, including Cresson Mine, "one of the most profitable mines in the town". [3]
Mrs. Carlton had become enamored of the Spanish Colonial Revival architecture during her travels across Southern California. Subsequently architect Richard Requa was hired to design their home. The house was a "leading social center in the region." However, Carlton preferred to live at The Broadmoor resort and never lived at the Pine Valley home. Mr. Carlton died in 1931. Mrs. Carlton furnished the home with antiques that she purchased in Europe and lived there until 1950. She donated antique furnishings to The Broadmoor. [3]
Jack Valentine of Florida purchased the property from Mrs. Carlton for the Pine Valley Club, a popular private country club with a golf course and swimming pool. He landscaped the property and built a pool house and auxiliary kitchen. He sold the property to the government in 1955. [3]
The house was used as a Junior-Senior High School during the period in which the School District 20 were completed. Then, due to funding considerations, the house was allocated for use as a home for the Academy Superintendent. Before the Cadet Chapel was completed, weddings were conducted on the property for cadets. It has also been used for visits by foreign dignitaries and Academy functions. [3]
All of the following buildings have a stuccoed exterior. The main house has two stories and the rest are one story buildings. Generally the interior walls are plaster. There are multiple courtyards among and between the buildings. [3]
Building | Built | Comments |
---|---|---|
Main house | 1930–1937 | The 10,846 square feet house has large rooms for large, formal gatherings. The Academy has been able to purchase some of the original furnishings, or obtain similar reproductions, of those used originally in the Carlton House. |
Tea house | It is a formal Spanish Colonial Revival 2,326 square foot house that is used for dignitaries and high level visitors. | |
Guest house 1 | The 1,584 square feet house provides lodging for VIPs. Previously it was a servant's residence. | |
Guest house 2 | It is 1,499 square feet and was previously a servant's residence. | |
Auxiliary kitchen | 1950s | Built for Pine Valley Club. |
Pool house | 1950s | Built for Pine Valley Club. |
Bath house | 1950s | Built for Pine Valley Club. |
Swimming pool | 1950s | Built for Pine Valley Club. A decision was made in 2000 to remove and fill in the swimming pool to reduce annual maintenance costs for Carlton House by $10,000. [4] |
Stable 1 | Currently not used. | |
Stable 2 | Currently not used. | |
Garage | By 1937 | The garage has stalls to accommodate 8 vehicles and has space for additional storage. |
In 2000, Congress mandated that maintenance costs for generals' residences should not exceed $25,000 per year. Anything more than that would require approval. [4] An audit of maintenance expenses found that $2.4 million total had been spent between 1987 and June, 1999; $500,000 covered by the military family housing budget and the remainder from the base operation and maintenance budget. It was estimated that an additional total of $1.2 million would be spent through the fiscal year end in 2006. [5]
The auditors found that there were unwarranted expenditures and that there had been inconsistent tagging of public (Academy) vs. private (residential) space and resource usage, which affects which budget is used to pay the expenses. For instance, $300,000 was spent to renovate the kitchen, which had been identified as public space. However, there were about 1.4 functions per month that required the use of the kitchen and most of the improvements were thought to have benefited the residential occupants. Further, renovations were being made more frequently than was standard practice. [5] [6]
The audit stipulated that "Air Force guidance on historical housing facilities states bases should consider major upgrading, alternate uses, or disposing of historic housing if repair and maintenance costs become excessive." [5] [7]
The Spanish Colonial Revival Style is an architectural stylistic movement arising in the early 20th century based on the Spanish Colonial architecture of the Spanish colonization of the Americas.
The Broadmoor is a hotel and resort in the Broadmoor neighborhood of Colorado Springs, Colorado. The Broadmoor is a member of Historic Hotels of America of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Its visitors have included heads of state, celebrities, and professional sports stars. It is owned by The Anschutz Corporation through its subsidiary, The Broadmoor-Sea Island Company.
French colonial architecture includes several styles of architecture used by the French during colonization. Many former French colonies, especially those in Southeast Asia, have previously been reluctant to promote their colonial architecture as an asset for tourism; however, in recent times, the new generation of local authorities has somewhat "embraced" the architecture and has begun to advertise it. French Colonial architecture has a long history, beginning in North America in 1604 and being most active in the Western Hemisphere until the 19th century, when the French turned their attention more to Africa, Asia, and the Pacific.
The buildings and architecture of New Orleans reflect its history and multicultural heritage, from Creole cottages to historic mansions on St. Charles Avenue, from the balconies of the French Quarter to an Egyptian Revival U.S. Customs building and a rare example of a Moorish revival church.
The Conde–Charlotte House, also known as the Kirkbride House, is a historic house museum in Mobile, Alabama. The earliest section of the building, the rear kitchen wing, was built in 1822. The main section of the house was added a few decades later and is two and a half floors. The entire structure is constructed of handmade brick with a smooth stucco plaster over the exterior.
The Adamson House and its associated land, which was known as Vaquero Hill in the 19th century, is a historic house built by Rhoda Adamson and gardens in Malibu, California. The residence and estate is on the coast, within Malibu Lagoon State Beach park.
The Richard H. Chambers U.S. Court of Appeals is a historic building originally constructed as a Spanish Colonial Revival style resort known as the Vista del Arroyo Hotel and Bungalows located at Pasadena in Los Angeles County, California. During World War II, it served as the McCornack General Hospital, and was thereafter in use as a general-purpose federal government building for several decades. It now serves as a courthouse of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
In the United States, the National Register of Historic Places classifies its listings by various types of architecture. Listed properties often are given one or more of 40 standard architectural style classifications that appear in the National Register Information System (NRIS) database. Other properties are given a custom architectural description with "vernacular" or other qualifiers, and others have no style classification. Many National Register-listed properties do not fit into the several categories listed here, or they fit into more specialized subcategories.
The Mission Revival style was part of an architectural movement, beginning in the late 19th century, for the revival and reinterpretation of American colonial styles. Mission Revival drew inspiration from the late 18th and early 19th century Spanish missions in California. It is sometimes termed California Mission Revival, particularly when used elsewhere, such as in New Mexico and Texas which have their own unique regional architectural styles. In Australia, the style is known as Spanish Mission.
Richard Smith Requa was an American architect, largely known for his work in San Diego, California. Requa was the Master Architect for the California Pacific International Exposition held in Balboa Park in 1935–36. He improved and extended many of the already existing buildings from an earlier exposition, as well as creating new facilities including the Old Globe Theater.
Albert E. Carlton or Bert Carlton was an investor in Colorado banks, mines and railroads. Based upon the success of his mines in Cripple Creek, he was known as "King of Cripple Creek".
Tracy Park is a historic neighborhood in Tulsa, Oklahoma. It is a relatively small neighborhood consisting primarily of single-family houses that were built in the Riverview Addition during the early 1920s. The Tracy Park Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 20, 1982 with the NRIS number 82003707. The district is bounded on the north by 11th Street, on the east by Peoria Avenue, and on the south and west by the Inner Dispersal Loop. It was the first area in Tulsa to be nominated as a district on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Arizona Inn is a hotel in Tucson, Arizona. It was built in 1930–31 by Isabella Greenway, who became Arizona's first female representative to the U.S. Congress in 1932. The Spanish Colonial Revival main building was designed by Tucson architect Merritt Starkweather. The entire 14-acre (5.7 ha) complex comprises 25 structures, of which 21 contribute to the historic district. The buildings are pink stuccoed masonry structures with blue details, arranged in landscaped gardens with more pink stucco walls. The gardens were designed by landscape architect James Oliphant. Small structures surround the gardens, which are mainly landscaped with native Arizona plants.
Emily Elizabeth Holman, better known by her professional name of E. E. Holman, was one of the first female architects of Pennsylvania. She was active from the 1880s to her retirement in 1914 and was responsible for planning several important historical sites like the Goold House in the Wilder Village Historic District, Wilder, Vermont and the National Park Seminary among many others.
The Kocher Building, also known as La Giralda is a two-story steel and concrete framed Spanish Eclectic style commercial building in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. It was designated as an important commercial building in the city's Downtown Historic District Property Survey, on September 4, 2002. The building is occupied by La Bicyclette Restaurant on the ground floor.
The Bernard Wetzel Building is a historic commercial building in downtown Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. It is an example of Spanish Eclectic Revival style architecture. The building qualified as an important building in the city's downtown historic district property survey and was registered with the California Register of Historical Resources on September 7, 2004. The building has been occupied by Whittakers since 1989.
T.A. Oakes Building, is a historic commercial building in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. It was built in 1922, by builder Thomas A. Oakes and designed by architect Thomas W. Morgan for a new Post Office and City Hall. It is an example of Western false front and Spanish Colonial Revival architecture styles. The building qualifies as an important building in the city's downtown historic district property survey and was recorded with the California Register of Historical Resources on October 28, 2002.
The Fee Building, is a historic commercial building in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. It was built and designed in 1935, by master builder Michael J. Murphy as a mixed-use retail shop and residence. It is an example of a Spanish Colonial Revival architecture style building. The structure is recognized as an important commercial building in the city's Downtown Conservation District Historic Property Survey, and was nominated and submitted to the California Register of Historical Resources on February 21, 2003. The building is now occupied by the Coldwell Banker real estate agency and the Belle Cose clothing and jewelry store.
The Doud Building, also known as the James Doud Building is a historic commercial building in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. James Cooper Doud established the building in 1932, built by master builder Michael J. Murphy as a mixed-use retail shop and residence. It is an example of a Spanish Colonial Revival architecture style building. The structure is recognized as an important commercial building in the city's Downtown Conservation District Historic Property Survey, and was nominated and submitted to the California Register of Historical Resources on February 21, 2003. The building is now occupied by the Mad Dogs & Englishmen Bike Shop and the Carmel Sport clothing store.
The Draper Leidig Building, also known as the Leidig Building, is a historic mixed-use commercial building in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. It was designed by Blaine & Olsen and built in 1929, by C. H. Lawrence. It is an example of Spanish Revival style. The structure is recognized as an important commercial building in the city's Downtown Conservation District Historic Property Survey, and was nominated and submitted to the California Register of Historical Resources on May 22, 2002. The building is occupied by four shops, Photography West Gallery, La Renaissance Jewelry, Caraccioli Cellars, and Girl Lee Boutique.