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Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water from deep water towards the ocean surface. It replaces the warmer and usually nutrient-depleted surface water. The nutrient-rich upwelled water stimulates the growth and reproduction of primary producers such as phytoplankton. The biomass of phytoplankton and the presence of cool water in those regions allow upwelling zones to be identified by cool sea surface temperatures (SST) and high concentrations of chlorophyll a.
Kasaragod is a municipal town and administrative headquarters of Kasaragod district in the state of Kerala, India. Established in 1966, Kasaragod was the first municipal town in the district. It is the northernmost district of Kerala and is also known as Sapta Bhasha Sangama Bhumi.
The Benguela Current is the broad, northward flowing ocean current that forms the eastern portion of the South Atlantic Ocean gyre. The current extends from roughly Cape Point in the south, to the position of the Angola-Benguela Front in the north, at around 16°S. The current is driven by the prevailing south easterly trade winds. Inshore of the Benguela Current proper, the south easterly winds drive coastal upwelling, forming the Benguela Upwelling System. The cold, nutrient rich waters that upwell from around 200–300 m (656–984 ft) depth in turn fuel high rates of phytoplankton growth, and sustain the productive Benguela ecosystem.
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Thalassery, formerly Tellicherry, is a municipality and commercial city on the Malabar Coast in Kannur district in the state of Kerala, India, bordered by the districts of Mahe, Kozhikode, Wayanad, Kasaragod and Kodagu (Karnataka). Thalassery municipality has a population of just under 100,000 as of 2011 census. Thalassery Heritage City has an area of 23.98 square kilometres (9.26 sq mi). Thalassery has an altitude ranging from 2.5 to 30 metres above mean sea-level. It is located 25 km from Vadakara, 15 km from Mahé and 22 km from Kannur.
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The California Current is a cold water Pacific Ocean current that moves southward along the western coast of North America, beginning off southern British Columbia and ending off southern Baja California Sur. It is considered an Eastern boundary current due to the influence of the North American coastline on its course. It is also one of six major coastal currents affiliated with strong upwelling zones, the others being the Humboldt Current, the Canary Current, the Benguela Current, the Oyashio Current, and the Somali Current. The California Current is part of the North Pacific Gyre, a large swirling current that occupies the northern basin of the Pacific.
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The Marine biodiversity of South Africa is the variety of living organisms that live in the seas off the coast of South Africa. It includes genetic, species and ecosystems biodiversity in a range of habitats spread over a range of ecologically varied regions, influenced by the geomorphology of the seabed and circulation of major and local water masses, which distribute both living organisms and nutrients in complex and time-variable patterns.
The Monsoon trawl ban is a regulatory measure implemented by the Indian government to protect marine biodiversity, conserve aquatic lives, and support sustainability of livelihood in coastal communities. Introduced in the 1980s, the ban restricts fishing activities during the Monsoon of South Asia, coinciding with the breeding and Spawning period of many Marine life. With its extensive coastline of over 8,100 kilometres, India has made the monsoon trawling ban a critical strategy for sustainable fishery management.
References
- ↑ Prabhakaran, M. P.; Menon, M. D.; Pillai, V. K. (2016). "Upwelling Phenomena Along the Malabar Coast". Journal of Marine Science. 12 (3): 45–52.
- ↑ Nair, R. V.; Rao, K. V. (2008). "Coastal Upwelling and Its Impact on Fisheries in the Arabian Sea". Indian Fisheries Journal. 56 (2): 112–118.
- ↑ "Mathrubhumi - Travel and Tourism". Archived from the original on 2010-10-21. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
- ↑ Menon, A. G. (2010). "The Socio-Economic Impact of Chakara on Malabar Communities". Kerala Coastal Studies. 18 (1): 29–40.
- ↑ Kumar, P. R.; Sreenivasan, S. (2021). "Human Activities and Their Impact on Marine Phenomena in the Arabian Sea". Ecological Studies in India. 34 (2): 78–91.
