Domestic responses to the Libyan civil war (2011)

Last updated
The Libyan flag used between 1951 and 1969 was used by protesters as an opposition flag. It was readopted as the national flag after the rebels' victory. Flag of Libya (1951).svg
The Libyan flag used between 1951 and 1969 was used by protesters as an opposition flag. It was readopted as the national flag after the rebels' victory.

During the early stages of the Libyan Civil War of 2011, the Gaddafi regime was still in power: but there was widespread withdrawal of support from that regime by influential persons and organisations within the country. Among those who no longer supported the regime, the main concern they expressed was what they regarded as its use of excessive force against peaceful protestors. There were many resignations by ministers of the governing council and other senior officials, diplomats posted abroad, and senior military officers. Islamic clerics, tribal leaders, and members of the former royal family expressed their opposition, while the two leading Libyan oil companies also withdrew support for the regime.

Contents

Government resignations

This is a list of officials who resigned or refused to take orders from the Gaddafi regime during the 2011 Libyan civil war.

Ministers

Other officials

Nuri al-Mismari at the 12th African Union summit Nuri Al-Mismari, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-WR307-174.jpg
Nuri al-Mismari at the 12th African Union summit

Diplomatic service

Host Country/
Organization		OfficialDateNotes
Flag of the Arab League.svg  Arab League Ambassador Abdulmoneim al-Honi [ citation needed ]20 February 2011The reason for his resignation was the "oppression against protesters". [17]
The Libyan delegation to the Arab League in Cairo has renounced Gaddafi and now represents 'the people' [18] 25 February 2011They condemned his attack on "unarmed citizens". [19]
Flag of the United Nations.svg  United Nations Ambassador Abdel Rahman Shalgham 25 February 2011Did not resign, but denounced Gaddafi in a speech before the Security Council and no longer supports the regime. [20]
Deputy Ambassador Ibrahim Dabbashi 21 February 2011Did not resign, but no longer supports government. [21] [22] On 26 February 2011, he stated that he supported "in principle" the alternative government being formed in Benghazi. [23]
Delegation to the Human Rights Council
Entire mission to the UN in Geneva [19] 		25 February 2011
UNESCO Ambassador Abdoulsalam El Qallali25 February 2011 [24]
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Musbah Allafi [ citation needed ]20 February 2011
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria Embassy staff23 February 2011The Libyan Embassy in Austria condemned 'excessive violence against peaceful demonstrators', stated that they represent the Libyan people and offered condolences to the families of the victims. [25]
Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh Ambassador AH Elimam 20 February 2011
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium Ambassador21 February 2011 [26]
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Counsellor Ihab Al-Mismari 23 February 2011Son of Gaddafi's former protocol chief Nuri al-Mismari told the Toronto Star he resigned because embassy's chargé d'affaires was "hiding" the gravity of the deadly crackdown back home. “...killing the friends with whom I grew up, they are killing my brothers and sisters.” [27]
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Second Secretary to the ambassador Hussein Sadiq al Musrati 20 February 2011He also called on the army to intervene and called for all Libya's diplomats to resign [28]
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt Consular employees in Alexandria22 February 2011Staff at the Libyan consulate in Alexandria removed the Gaddafi-era green flag and joined protestors outside [29]
Consul in Cairo Faraj Saeed al-Aribi12 May 2011The consul in Cairo said that he had quit his job and joined the rebels [30] [31]
Flag of Europe.svg  European Union and Benelux Ambassador Hadeiba Alhadi and Embassy staff25 May 2011 [32]
Flag of France.svg  France Ambassador Mohamed Salaheddine Zarem25 February 2011 [24]
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary Embassy staff (undefined)22 February 2011Two members of the staff left the embassy to join the protesters in front of the building. [33] On 21 March, the Libyan embassy in Budapest is seen flying the old tricolor flag which indicates that they have officially changed sides in favor of the National Transitional Council. [34]
Flag of India.svg  India Ambassador Ali al-Essawi 21 February 2011 [35]
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia Ambassador Salaheddin M. El Bishari 21 February 2011 [35] [36]
Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan Ambassador Mohammed Hassan Al Barghathi24 February 2011[ citation needed ]
Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia Embassy staff22 February 2011Distanced themselves from the government and called the protests a "massacre." [37]
Flag of Mali.svg  Mali Consul general Musa Al-Koni (later referred as "Musa Kuni")5 March 2011Later accused by Malian officials of being an "impostor" who initially recruited Tuareg mercenaries before fleeing to Paris with the money entrusted to him for that purpose. [38]
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta Embassy staff22 February 2011Left the embassy to join the protestors in front of it. The embassy is now flying the flag of the protestors.[ citation needed ]
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco Embassy staff23 February 2011Staff destroyed images of Muammar Gaddafi and destroyed the Gaddafi-era flag.[ citation needed ]
Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia Second-highest ranking diplomat Saad Bakar3 March 2011The second-highest ranking diplomat in Namibia, Saad Bakar, his wife and four children has left for a Mediterranean country to join the opposition movement.[ citation needed ]
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands Embassy staff8 March 2011Replacement of the Gaddafi-era flag with the Libyan 1951–1969 flag as used by the 2011 protesters; no further comments were made. [39]
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland Ambassador22 February 2011 [40]
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal Ambassador Ali Ibrahim Emdored25 February 2011 [41]
Flag of Somalia.svg  Somalia Ambassador Issa Ashur26 February 2011Announced he is "joining the revolution", and would continue to carry out his duties "as a representative of the Libyan people" [42]
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden Ambassador;
Deputy Ambassador Abdelmagid Buzrigh;
non-diplomatic staff		23 February 2011After days of protests, the embassy announced on 23 February that they no longer support Gaddafi and lifted the former Libyan flag [43] [44]
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland Embassy staff11 March 2011"The members of the embassy no longer have any link to the regime of Muammar Gaddafi, and call on all countries to follow the example set by the Republic of France in recognising the National Transitional Council which represents the interests of the Libyan people". [45]
Flag of the United States.svg  United States of America Ambassador Ali Suleiman Aujali;22 February 2011However, he resigned on 22 February saying he does not serve the "dictatorship." [46] On 26 February 2011, he stated that he supported the efforts to form an alternative government in Benghazi. [47]

Contrary to previous reports, the Ambassador of Libya to the United Kingdom has not resigned, but did not want to discuss his support for Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi. [35]

According to the Toronto Star, the Ambassador of Libya to Canada is on "sick leave".[ citation needed ] According to the CNN Library, which was updated on March 29, 2017 "Libyan diplomats at the United Nations, including Libyan Deputy Ambassador Ibrahim Dabbashi, took the side of the opposition and demanded the removal of "the tyrant Moammar Gadhafi."
On February 25, 2011, the full Libyan delegation to the Arab League resigned. [6] [48]

A growing number of Libyan embassies around the world have started to fly the former flag of Libya used between 1951 and 1969. [49]

Military

Business actions

The Arabian Gulf Oil Company, the second largest state-owned oil company in Libya, announced plans to use oil funds to support anti-Gaddafi forces. [56] On April 6, 2011, an oil tanker led by Libyan opposition was captured and sent to Qatar. The head of the National Oil Corporation and former prime minister, Shokri Ghanem, defected in Italy. [6]

By 27 February, Libya's biggest oil company, Agaco, turned against the Gaddafi government. [57]

Other leaders

Islamic leaders and clerics in Libya, notably the Network of Free Ulema – Libya urged all Muslims to rebel against Gaddafi. [58] [59]

The Warfalla, Tuareg and Magarha tribes have announced their support of the protesters. [16] [60] The Zuwayya tribe, based in eastern Libya, have threatened to cut off oil exports from fields in their part of the country if Libyan security forces continued attacking demonstrators. [61]

A young Benghazian carrying King Idris' photo. Support of the royal Senussi dynasty has traditionally been strong in Cyrenaica. A Benghazi citizen holding King Idris's photo.JPG
A young Benghazian carrying King Idris' photo. Support of the royal Senussi dynasty has traditionally been strong in Cyrenaica.

Former royals

Libyan-throne claimant, Mohammed El Senussi, sent his condolences "for the heroes who have laid down their lives, killed by the brutal forces of Gaddafi" and called on the international community "to halt all support for the dictator with immediate effect." [63] Senussi said that the protesters would be "victorious in the end" and calls for international support to end the violence. [64]

On 24 February, Senussi gave an interview to Al Jazeera English where he called upon the international community to help remove Gaddafi from power and stop the ongoing "massacre". [65] He has dismissed talk of a civil war saying "The Libyan people and the tribes have proven they are united".

Questioned about what shape a new government could take, and whether the 1951 royal constitution could be revived, Senussi said that such questions are "premature and are issues that are to be decided by the Libyan people," adding that for now the priority is to stop the "killing of innocent people." On whether he desires to return to Libya he says "The Senussi family considers itself as in the service of the Libyan people." [66] When asked about reestablishing the monarchy, he stated that he "is a servant to Libyan people, and they decide what they want". [67]

The White House said it will not specify which individuals and groups it is working and reaching out with, when asked if it supports Senussi's calls for international support. [68]

In an interview with Asharq Al-Awsat , he stated that it is too early to answer if the monarchy in Libya could be restored and if he will be active in Libyan politics. He also says the main objective is to end the violence on the streets in Libya.[ citation needed ]

On 3 March, it was announced that he planned to return to Libya. [69] On 4 March, he called the West to use airstrikes against Gaddafi after his contacts in Libya told him they need airstrikes. He also argued that a no-fly zone would be insufficient but later calls for the no-fly zone. [70]

He later stated that international community needs "less talk and more action" to stop the violence. [71] He has asked for a no-fly zone over Libya but does not support foreign ground troops. [72] He has also stated that a no-fly zone is the only way to stop Gaddafi who he has said is relying completely on the air force. [73]

In an interview with Adnkronos , a rival claimant to the throne, Idris bin Abdullah al-Senussi, announced he was ready to return to the country once change had been initiated. [74] On 21 February 2011, Idris made an appearance on Piers Morgan Tonight to discuss the uprising. [75]

On 24 February, his brother Hashem called on Gaddafi "to have mercy" on the demonstrators, just as he did with members of the former Royal Family in 1969 when he allowed them to leave the country unharmed after the coup that overthrew the monarchy. [76]

On 3 March, it was reported that Prince Al Senussi Zouber Al Senussi had fled Libya with his family and was seeking asylum in Totebo, Sweden. [77]

On 17 March, Prince Mohamed Hilal El Senussi returned to Libya after 41 years in exile. [78]

Public reaction

During the Battle of Sirte, residents of Sirte expressed condemnation against the rebels and NATO. According to one resident, "The rebels are worse than rats. NATO is the same as Osama bin Laden." According to another local woman, "We lived in democracy under Muammer Gaddafi, he was not a dictator. I lived in freedom, Libyan women had full human rights. It isn't that we need Muammer Gaddafi again, but we want to live just as we did before." A local elderly woman stated "They are killing our children. Why are they doing this? For what? Life was good before!" [79]

Related Research Articles

Imbarek Shamekh is a Libyan politician and bureaucrat. He served as the Secretary-General of General People's Congress of Libya from 2009 to 2010. He previously served as Deputy Prime Minister from 2008 to 2009, and Prime Minister from 2000 to 2003.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mohammed El Senussi</span> Crown Prince of Libya

Mohammed El Senussi is the son of Crown Prince Hasan as-Senussi of Libya, and of Crown Princess Fawzia bint Tahir Bakeer. Born in Tripoli, he is considered by Libyan royalists to be the legitimate heir to the Senussi Crown of Libya.

Abuzed Omar Dorda was a Libyan politician who was the General Secretary of the People's Committee of Libya from 7 October 1990 to 29 January 1994, and Libya's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1997 to 2003.

Brega, also known as Mersa Brega or Marsa al-Brega, is a complex of several smaller towns, industry installations and education establishments situated in Libya on the Gulf of Sidra, the most southerly point of the Mediterranean Sea. It is located in the former Ajdabiya District, which in 2007 was merged into the Al Wahat District. The town is the center of Libya's second-largest hydro-carbon complex.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Libyan civil war (2011)</span> 2011 armed conflict

The Libyan civil war or the 2011 Libyan revolution, also known as the First Libyan Civil War was an armed conflict in 2011 in the North African country of Libya that was fought between forces loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and rebel groups that were seeking to oust his government. The war was preceded by protests in Zawiya on 8 August 2009 and finally ignited by protests in Benghazi beginning on Tuesday, 15 February 2011, which led to clashes with security forces who fired on the crowd. The protests escalated into a rebellion that spread across the country, with the forces opposing Gaddafi establishing an interim governing body, the National Transitional Council.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mustafa Abdul Jalil</span> De facto leader of Libya from 2011 to 2012

Mustafa Abdul Jalil is a Libyan politician who was the Chairman of the National Transitional Council from 5 March 2011 until its dissolution on 8 August 2012. This position meant he was de facto head of state during a transitional period after the fall of Muammar Gaddafi's government in the Libyan Civil War, and until the handover of power to the General National Congress.

Abdullah Senussi is a Libyan national who was the intelligence chief and brother-in-law of Colonel Muammar Gaddafi. He was married to Gaddafi's sister-in-law.

The international reactions to the Libyan Civil War were the responses to the series of protests and military confrontations occurring in Libya against the government of Libya and its de facto head of state Muammar Gaddafi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abdul Fatah Younis</span> Libyan general

Abdul Fatah Younis Al-Obeidi was a senior Libyan military officer. He held the rank of major general and the post of minister of interior, but resigned on 22 February 2011 and defected to the rebel side in the First Libyan Civil War. He was considered a key supporter of Muammar Gaddafi or even No. 2 in the Libyan government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the 2011 Libyan Civil War and military intervention (16 August – 23 October)</span>

The Libyan Civil War began on 17 February 2011 as a civil protest and later evolved into a widespread uprising. By mid-August, anti-Gaddafi forces effectively supported by a NATO-led international coalition were ascendant in Tripolitania, breaking out of the restive Nafusa Mountains in the south to mount an offensive toward the coast and advancing from Misrata on loyalist-held cities and villages from the north and east.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Transitional Council</span> 2011–2012 de facto government of Libya

The National Transitional Council (NTC) was a transitional government established in the 2011 Libyan civil war. The rebel forces overthrew the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya of Muammar Gaddafi. The NTC governed Libya for a period of ten months after the end of the war, holding elections to a General National Congress on 7 July 2012, and handing power to the newly elected assembly on 8 August.

Khamis Gaddafi was the seventh and youngest son of former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, and the military commander in charge of the Khamis Brigade of the Libyan Army. He was part of his father's inner circle. During the Libyan Civil War in 2011, he was a major target for opposition forces trying to overthrow his father.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">First Gulf of Sidra offensive</span>

The First Gulf of Sidra offensive was the second major rebel offensive of the Libyan Civil War. It was mounted by anti-Gaddafi forces immediately after their victory in the Battle of Ajdabiya. The offensive was meant to have the rebel forces quickly reach Gaddafi's hometown of Sirte.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the 2011 Libyan Civil War before military intervention</span>

The Libyan Civil War began on 15 February 2011 as a chain of civil protests and later evolved into a widespread uprising against the regime of Muammar Gaddafi. On 25 February, most of eastern Libya was reported to be under the control of protesters and rebel forces. Gaddafi remained in control of the cities of Tripoli, Sirte and Sabha. By 15 March, however, Gaddafi's forces had retaken more than half a dozen lost cities. Except for most of Cyrenaica and a few Tripolitania cities the majority of cities had returned to Gaddafi government control.

The 2011 Libyan rebel coastal offensive was a major rebel offensive of the Libyan Civil War. It was mounted by anti-Gaddafi forces with the intention of cutting off the supply route from Tunisia for pro-Gaddafi loyalist forces in Tripoli.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the 2011 Libyan Civil War and military intervention (19 March – May)</span>

The Libyan Civil War began on 15 February 2011 as a civil protest and later evolved into a widespread uprising. However, by 19 March, Libyan forces under Colonel Muammar Gaddafi were on the brink of a decisive victory over rebels in Libya's east. That day, leading NATO members acted on United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 which authorized member states "to take all necessary measures... to protect civilians and civilian populated areas under threat of attack in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, including Benghazi, while excluding an occupation force".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Sirte (2011)</span> 2011 final battle of the First Libyan Civil War

The Battle of Sirte was the final and most decisive battle of the First Libyan Civil War, beginning when the National Liberation Army attacked the last remnants of the Libyan army still loyal to Muammar Gaddafi in his hometown and designated capital of Sirte, on the Gulf of Sidra. As of September 2011, Sirte and Bani Walid were the last strongholds of Gaddafi loyalists and the National Transitional Council hoped that the fall of Sirte would bring the war to an end. The battle and its aftermath marked the final collapse of the four-decade Gaddafi regime. Both Gaddafi and his son, Mutassim, were wounded and captured, then tortured and killed in custody less than an hour later. The month-long battle left Sirte almost completely in ruins, with many buildings damaged or totally destroyed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the 2011 Libyan Civil War and military intervention (June – 15 August)</span>

The 2011 Libyan Civil War began on 17 February 2011 as a civil protest and later evolved into a widespread uprising. After a military intervention led by France, the United Kingdom, and the United States on 19 March turned the tide of the conflict at the Second Battle of Benghazi, anti-Gaddafi forces regrouped and established control over Misrata and most of the Nafusa Mountains in Tripolitania and much of the eastern region of Cyrenaica. In mid-May, they finally broke an extended siege of Misrata.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aftermath of the Libyan civil war (2011)</span> Events following the conclusion of the First Libyan Civil War

The aftermath of the 2011 Libyan civil war has been characterized by marked change in the social and political order of Libya after the overthrow and killing of Muammar Gaddafi in the civil war that was fought in Libya in 2011. The country has been subject to ongoing proliferation of weapons, Islamic insurgencies, sectarian violence, and lawlessness, with spillovers affecting neighboring countries including Mali.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ahmed Gaddaf al-Dam</span> Libyan politician (born 1952)

Ahmed Gaddaf al-Dam is the cousin and aide of former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi. He is Libya's former Special Envoy to Egypt and a leading figure of the Gaddafi regime. He was a key member of Gaddafi's inner circle.

References

  1. ↑ Janathan S. Landay; Warren P. Strobel; Arwa Ibrahim (18 February 2011). "Violent repression of protests rocks Libya, Bahrain, Yemen". The Kansas City Star. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  2. ↑ Mark Tran (17 February 2011). "Bahrain in crisis and Middle East protests – live blog". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  3. ↑ Global Media Center: Dr. Ali Errishi Archived 2011-03-26 at the Wayback Machine , National Press Club, 4 March 2011
  4. ↑ Transcript Archived 2011-03-28 at the Wayback Machine , CNN , 6 March 2011
  5. ↑ "Libya justice minister resigns to protest 'excessive use of force' against protesters". Haaretz Newspaper. 21 February 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-21.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Libya Civil War Fast Facts [ permanent dead link ] Retrieved on 17 Jan 2018
  7. 1 2 "Live Blog - Libya Feb 22". Al Jazeera Blogs. Al Jazeera. 2011-02-22. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
  8. ↑ Gaddafi forces push rebels back, BBC News , 30 March 2011
  9. ↑ Libya's oil minister defects to 'fight for democracy', The Guardian , 1 June 2011
  10. ↑ Cooper, Helene (7 June 2011). "NATO Attack Destroys Much of Qaddafi Compound". The New York Times . Washington D.C., U.S.A. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
  11. ↑ "Egypt Airport Officials Libyan Interior Minister Arrives in Cairo with Family Members". Archived from the original on 2011-08-15.
  12. 1 2 "Live Blog - Libya Feb 23". Al Jazeera Blogs. Al Jazeera. 23 February 2011. Archived from the original on 23 February 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
  13. ↑ "Live Blog - Libya Feb 24". Al Jazeera Blogs. Al Jazeera. 2011-02-24. Archived from the original on 2012-01-17. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
  14. ↑ Abdelatti, Ali; Werr, Patrick (2011-02-25). "Libya's prosecutor general says joins opposition". Reuters. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
  15. ↑ "Libyan officials abandon Gaddafi regime en masse Asharq Alawsat Newspaper (English)". Archived from the original on 2011-02-26. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
  16. 1 2 "Gaddafi Defiant as State Teeters". Africa. Al Jazeera English. 23 February 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
  17. ↑ "Libya Arab League envoy resigns - Al Jazeera". Reuters Africa. Thomson Reuters. February 20, 2011. Archived from the original on February 23, 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  18. ↑ Gabbatt, Adam; Taylor, Matthew; Owen, Paul; Davis, Rowenna (February 25, 2011). "3.41pm". Libya in turmoil – live updates. United Kingdom: The Guardian . Retrieved 2011-02-27.
  19. 1 2 Adams, Richard (2011-02-25). "Libya's turmoil – Friday 25 February". News Blog. UK: The Guardian. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
  20. ↑ Chappell, Bill (2011-02-25). "Libyan Ambassador Denounces Gadhafi At U.N." NPR . Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  21. ↑ "Western nations urge Security Council to demand immediate end to Libyan crackdown on civilians". Google News . Associated Press, The Canadian Press. 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
  22. ↑ "LIBYA: U.N. diplomats resign in protest". Babylon & Beyond. Los Angeles Times. 2011-02-21. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
  23. ↑ "Interim Libyan govt wins support". Al Jazeera English. 2011-02-27. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  24. 1 2 "Libyan ambassadors in France back revolt". Reuters Africa. Thomson Reuters. 2011-02-22. Archived from the original on 2012-01-19. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  25. ↑ "Libyan Embassy in Austria condemns 'excessive violence against peaceful demonstrators'". Google News. The Canadian Press. 23 February 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-25.
  26. ↑ "Libyan Ambassador to Belgium, Head of Mission to EU Resigns". Global Arab Network. 21 February 2011. Archived from the original on 22 May 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
  27. ↑ "Libyan diplomat in Ottawa quits". Yahoo! News. Agence France-Presse. 23 February 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-23.
  28. ↑ "Libyan diplomat in China resigns over unrest". Google News. Agence France-Presse. 21 February 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-21.
  29. ↑ Zayed, Dina (2011-02-22). "Staff of Libyan consulate in Egypt lower flag". Reuters. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  30. ↑ "Libya Live Blog". Al Jazeera. 2011-05-12. Archived from the original on 2011-05-11. Retrieved 2011-05-12.
  31. ↑ Steve Bryant; Mariam Fam (13 May 2011). "Libyan Rebels Advance as They Seek Further Help From U.S., U.K. - Bloomberg" . Retrieved 2011-05-14.
  32. ↑ "L'ambassadeur de Libye auprès de l'UE fait défection". 26 May 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-28.
  33. ↑ Szabolcs, Barakonyi (2011-02-22). "Tüntettek Líbia budapesti követségénél" (in Hungarian). index.hu . Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  34. ↑ "A lázadók zászlója leng a budapesti követségen" (in Hungarian). index.hu. 2011-03-21. Retrieved 2011-03-22.
  35. 1 2 3 "February 21". Live Blog - Libya. Al Jazeera Blogs. 21 February 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
  36. ↑ "Libya's ambassador to India resigns in protest against violence: BBC". Daily News and Analysis . Reuters. 21 February 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  37. ↑ "Libyan Embassy in Malaysia condemns 'massacre,' distances itself from Gaddafi's regime". Yahoo! News Canada. Associated Press, The Canadian Press. 2011-02-22. Archived from the original on 2011-02-26. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
  38. ↑ "Des élus maliens affirment que Mousa Al-Koni est "un imposteur"". Archived from the original on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2011-03-10.
  39. ↑ (in Dutch) Vlag revolutie op consulaat Libië, Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (8 March 2011)
  40. ↑ "Libyan diplomats defect en masse". Al Jazeera English. 2011-02-22. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  41. ↑ "Libyan ambassador to Portugal quits in protest". Jerusalem Post. Associated Press. 2011-02-25. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  42. ↑ "1455". As it happened: Libya revolt on Saturday. BBC News. 2011-02-26. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  43. ↑ "Libyan embassy staff in Sweden quit over violence". The Swedish Wire. AFP. 2011-02-21. Archived from the original on 2011-02-26. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  44. ↑ Skarin, Anna (2011-02-22). "Ambassaden hissar Libyens frihetsflagga". Expressen (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 2011-02-25. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
  45. ↑ "Libyan embassy cuts ties to Gaddafi regime".
  46. ↑ "UPDATE 1-Libya's US ambassador resigns from 'dictatorship'". Reuters Africa. 22 February 2011. Archived from the original on 25 February 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-22.
  47. ↑ Mohammed, Arshad; Simao, Paul (2011-02-26). "UPDATE 1-EXCLUSIVE-Libya envoy to U.S. backs interim government". Reuters Africa. Thomson Reuters. Archived from the original on 2011-03-05. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  48. ↑ for Libya: Key moments Archived 2018-01-18 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 17 Jan 2018
  49. ↑ Fahim, Kareem; Kirkpatrick, David D.; Otterman, Sharon; El-Naggar, Mona; MacFarquhar, Neil; Stack, Liam (2011-02-22). "Qaddafi's Grip on the Capital Tightens as Revolt Grows". The New York Times . p. 2. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  50. 1 2 "Live Blog - Libya March 1 | al Jazeera Blogs". Archived from the original on 2011-03-08. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  51. ↑ Scicluna, Christopher; Abdallah, Diana (2011-02-21). "Two Libyan fighter pilots defect, fly to Malta". Reuters. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  52. ↑ "Qaddafi's Hold on Libya Weakens in Protest Wave". Fox News Channel. AP. 2011-02-21. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  53. ↑ [Battle for Libya: Key moments/Revolt and aftermath in Libya, 2011–12] Retrieved on 17 Jan 2018
  54. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-07-20. Retrieved 2012-02-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  55. ↑ Botti, David. "Libya's Defectors". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2011-02-28. Retrieved 2013-08-07.
  56. ↑ "Libya's Arabian Gulf Oil Co Hopes To Fund Rebels Via Crude Sales-FT". Reuters .
  57. ↑ "Top Libyan oil firm staff join protests - Quryna". Reuters Africa. Thomson Reuters. 2011-02-26. Archived from the original on 2011-03-02. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  58. ↑ Staff writer (17 February 2011). "Live Blog – Libya". Al Jazeera . Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  59. ↑ "Update 1-Libyan Islamic Leaders Urge Muslims To Rebel". Reuters . 9 February 2011. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
  60. ↑ "Libya Crisis: What Role Do Tribal Loyalties Play?". BBC News . 21 February 2011.
  61. ↑ Hussein, Mohammed (22 February 2011). "Libya Crisis: What Role Do Tribal Loyalties Play?". BBC News .
  62. ↑ "The Liberated East: Building a New Libya". The Economist . 24 February 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
  63. ↑ Salama, Vivian (22 February 2011). "Libya's Crown Prince Says Protesters Will Defy 'Brutal Forces'". Bloomberg . Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  64. ↑ Gamuchian, Marie-Louise (22 February 2011). "Gaddafi nears his end, exiled Libyan prince says". Reuters . Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  65. ↑ "Libya's 'Crown Prince' Makes Appeal – Muhammad al-Senussi Calls for the International Community To Help Remove Muammar Gaddafi from Power". Al Jazeera English . 24 February 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  66. ↑ Derhally, Massoud A.; Alexander, Caroline (25 February 2011). "Libya's Prince Senussi Says Tribes Are United Against Qaddafi". BusinessWeek . Archived from the original on 1 March 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  67. ↑ "Exiled Libyan Crown Prince Says Kadhafi Must Step Down". Newstime Africa . 26 February 2011. Archived from the original on 11 March 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  68. ↑ Singh, Tejinder (28 February 2011). "U.S. Hesitates To Support Crown Prince and Define Post-Gaddafi Libya". All Headline News . Archived from the original on 2 March 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  69. ↑ Weiss, Michael (1 March 2011). "The Libyan School of Economics". Arma Virumque (blog of The New Criterion). Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  70. ↑ "Exiled Prince Calls for Airstrikes". The Australian. 5 March 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  71. ↑ "Libya's 'Exiled Prince' Urges World Action". Khaleej Times. Agence France-Presse. 9 March 2011. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  72. ↑ Johnston, Cynthia (9 March 2011). "Libyan Crown Prince Urges No-Fly Zone, Air Strikes". Reuters . Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  73. ↑ "Liyan Crown Prince Urges No-Fly Zone, Air Strikes". MSNBC . Retrieved 16 March 2011.[ dead link ]
  74. ↑ "Libia, principe Idris: "Gheddafi assecondi popolo o il Paese finirà in fiamme"". Adnkronos (in Italian). 16 February 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  75. ↑ Krakauer, Steve (21 February 2011). "Who Is Moammer Gadhafi? Piers Morgan Explores the Man at the Center of Libya's Uprising". Piers Morgan Tonight (blog of Piers Morgan Tonight via CNN). Archived from the original on 6 March 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  76. ↑ Manila, Alfano (24 February 2011). "Il nipote di re Idris: "Al colonnello chiedo pietà per i miei fratelli" ". il Giornale (in Italian). Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  77. ↑ "Libyan Royal Family Seeking Swedish Asylum". Stockholm News. Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå. 3 March 2011. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  78. ↑ "EL SENUSSI: The Libyan Tea Party". The Washington Times . Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  79. ↑ Sherlock, Ruth (2 October 2011). "Gaddafi loyalists stranded as battle for Sirte rages". The Daily Telegraph . London. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.