Dryosauridae

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Dryosauridae
Temporal range: Middle Jurassic – Early Cretaceous, 164–115  Ma
D. lettowvorbecki.jpg
Dysalotosaurus skeletal mount in Berlin
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade:† Ornithischia
Clade:† Ornithopoda
Clade:† Iguanodontia
Clade:† Dryomorpha
Family:† Dryosauridae
Milner & Norman, 1984 [1]
Subgroups

Dryosauridae was a family of primitive iguanodonts, first proposed by Milner & Norman in 1984. They are known from Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rocks of Africa, Europe, and North America. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Dryosauridae was first proposed in 1984 by British paleontologists Andrew R. Milner and David B. Norman, as a family to unite the early ornithopods Dryosaurus , Valdosaurus , and possibly Parksosaurus and Mochlodon . Milner and Norman separated these taxa from the family Hypsilophodontidae as they showed greater similarity with hadrosaurids and iguanodontids. [1] The spelling had previously been used as a typographical error by Deraniyagala in 1939 for Dyrosauridae. [6]

Classification

Until recently, many dryosaurids have been regarded as dubious ( Callovosaurus and Kangnasaurus ) or as species of the type member, Dryosaurus ( Dysalotosaurus , Elrhazosaurus and Valdosaurus ). However, more recent studies redescribe these genera as valid. [4] [5] [7] [8] [9] Under the Phylocode, Madzia et al. (2021) formally defined Dryosauridae as "the largest clade containing Dryosaurus altus but not Iguanodon bernissartensis ." [10] The cladogram below follows their chosen reference phylogeny, taken from the description of Orthomerus dolloi . [11]

Iguanodontia

References

  1. 1 2 Milner, A.R.; Norman, D.B. (1984). "The biogeography of advanced ornithopod dinosaurs (Archosauria: Ornithischia) - a cladistic-vicariance model". In Reif, W.-E.; Westphal, F. (eds.). Third Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Short Papers. Attempto Verlag. pp. 145–150.
  2. ↑ Norman, David B.; Weishampel, David B. (1990). "Iguanodontidae and related ornithopods". In Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska Halszka (eds.). The Dinosauria. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 510–533. ISBN   0-520-06727-4.
  3. ↑ Norman, David B. (2004). "Basal Iguanodontia". In Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, P.; Osmólska H. (eds.). The Dinosauria (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 413–437. ISBN   0-520-24209-2.
  4. 1 2 Ruiz-Omeñaca, José Ignacio; Pereda Suberbiola Xabier; Galton, Peter M. (2007). "Callovosaurus leedsi, the earliest dryosaurid dinosaur (Ornithischia: Euornithopoda) from the Middle Jurassic of England". In Carpenter Kenneth (ed.). Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. pp. 3–16. ISBN   978-0-253-34817-3.
  5. 1 2 Galton, Peter M. (2009). "Notes on Neocomian (Lower Cretaceous) ornithopod dinosaurs from England – Hypsilophodon, Valdosaurus, "Camptosaurus", "Iguanodon" – and referred specimens from Romania and elsewhere" (PDF). Revue de Paléobiologie. 28 (1): 211–273. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
  6. ↑ Kuhn, O. (1967). Amphibien und Reptilien. Gustav Fischer Verlag. p. 67.
  7. ↑ McDonald, A.T.; Kirkland, J.I.; DeBlieux, D.D.; Madsen, S.K.; Cavin, J.; Milner, A.R.C.; Panzarin, L. (2010). "New Basal Iguanodonts from the Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah and the Evolution of Thumb-Spiked Dinosaurs". PLOS ONE. 5 (11) e14075. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...514075M. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014075 . PMC   2989904 . PMID   21124919.
  8. ↑ Andrew T. McDonald (2011). "The taxonomy of species assigned to Camptosaurus (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2783: 52–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2783.1.4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-04-12. Retrieved 2011-10-13.
  9. ↑ Paul M. Barrett; Richard J. Butler; Richard J. Twitchett; Stephen Hutt (2011). "New material of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England". Special Papers in Palaeontology. 86: 131–163.
  10. ↑ Madzia, Daniel; Arbour, Victoria M.; Boyd, Clint A.; Farke, Andrew A.; Cruzado-Caballero, Penélope; Evans, David C. (2021-12-09). "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs". PeerJ. 9 e12362. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12362 . ISSN   2167-8359. PMC   8667728 . PMID   34966571.
  11. ↑ Madzia, Daniel; Jagt, John W. M.; Mulder, Eric W. A. (2020-04-01). "Osteology, phylogenetic affinities and taxonomic status of the enigmatic late Maastrichtian ornithopod taxon Orthomerus dolloi (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)". Cretaceous Research. 108 104334. Bibcode:2020CrRes.10804334M. doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104334 . ISSN   0195-6671.
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