Tanius

Last updated

Tanius
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, 72–71  Ma
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Tanius.jpg
Restoration of T. sinensis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Ornithischia
Clade: Ornithopoda
Clade: Hadrosauromorpha
Genus: Tanius
Wiman, 1929
Species [1]

Tanius (meaning "of Tan") is a genus of hadrosauroid dinosaur. It lived in the Late Cretaceous of China. The type species, named and described in 1929 by Carl Wiman, is Tanius sinensis. The generic name honours the Chinese paleontologist Tan Xichou ("H.C. Tan"). The specific epithet refers to China. [2] In 2010 Gregory S. Paul estimated the length of Tanius at 7 metres (23 ft) and its weight at 2 metric tons (2.2 short tons). [3]

Contents

Discovery and species

In April 1923, H. C. T'an discovered the remains in the east of Shandong at the village of Ch'ing-kang-kou, ten kilometres southeast of Lai Yang. In October of the same year they were excavated by Tan's associate, the Austrian paleontologist Otto Zdansky. Although the specimen was originally rather complete, only parts could be salvaged. The holotype, PMU R.240, was recovered from the Jiangjunding Formation of the Wangshi Series dating from the Campanian. It consists of the back of the skull, which was flat and elongated.

Other species originally assigned to Tanius have been moved to other genera. These include: Tanius prynadai named in 1939 by Anatoly Nikolaevich Ryabinin, [4] which was assigned to Bactrosaurus ; and Tanius chingkankouensis named in 1958 by Yang Zhongjian, [5] and Tanius laiyangensis named in 1976 by Zhen Shuonan, [6] which were both later considered junior subjective synonyms of Tsintaosaurus . [7] However, a more recent study, Zhang et al. (2017) determined that T. sinensis and T. chingkankouensis were valid species of Tanius, and that T. laiyangensis was probably not valid. [1] Zhang et al. (2019) re-assessed "Tanius" laiyangensis as a member of the saurolophine clade Kritosaurini, the first of the clade from Asia. [8]

Paleoecology

The type species Tanius sinensis was found in the Jiangjunding Formation of the Chinese Wangshi Group. [1] The Jiangjunding formation consists purpley-grey or reddy-brown sandstones or various consistencies, siltstones and conglomerates. The Wangshi group of geologic formations is generally considered to be from the Late Cretaceous, although some regions are older. Based on the discovery of Pinacosaurus , only known elsewhere in the Djadokhta Formation or regions of the same age, the Wangshi Group was presumed to be a similar age of 75-71 million years old. The specific age for the Hongtuya Formation has been identified as 73.5-72.9 mya. As the Hongtuya is directly older than the Jiangjunding, it was identified that Tanius sinensis lived in the latest Campanian to earliest Maastrichtian by Borinder in 2015. [9]

The Jiangjunding Formation was deposited in a fluvial to lacustrine environment. The climate was warm and humid during the majority of the timespan, although it was beginning to dry out after the Jiangjunding. Taxa that lived alongside Tanius in the formation include the ankylosaur Pinacosaurus cf. grangeri ; possibly the cerapodan Micropachycephalosaurus ; intermediate sauropods; intermediate coelurosaurs; and intermediate cheloniids which show similarities to Nanhsiungchelyidae. Multiple localities of dinosaur eggs have also been identified. [9]

Both T. chingkankouensis and T. laiyangensis were discovered in the Jingangkou Formation, which is directly above the Jiangjunding. This formation has been the site of massive excavations of hadrosaurs in both the 1950s and the 2010s. A majority of the strata is green-grey mudstone, where the bones excavated are coloured black. The sediment in the location of the hadrosaur excavations was deposited by a mudflow event, where the carcasses were trapped and moved a short distance before rapid burial. At least 20 individuals of hadrosaurs have been uncovered, of various ages. Hadrosaurs from these localities include Tanius, Tsintaosaurus, Laiyangosaurus and Shantungosaurus . Other taxa uncovered include the theropods Chingkankousaurus and cf. Szechuanosaurus campi , and the testudine Glyptops . [1]

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Shantungosaurus</i> Genus of ornithopod dinosaurs

Shantungosaurus is a genus of very large saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaur found in the Late Cretaceous Wangshi Group of the Shandong Peninsula in China, containing a single species, Shantungosaurus giganteus. The stratigraphic interval of Shantungosaurus ranges from the top of the Xingezhuang Formation to the middle of the Hongtuya Formation, middle to late Campanian in age. Shantungosaurus is so far the largest hadrosauroid taxon in the world, reaching between 15 metres (49 ft) to 16.6 metres (54 ft) in length and 13 metric tons to 16 metric tons in body mass.

<i>Micropachycephalosaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Micropachycephalosaurus is an extinct genus of basal ceratopsian dinosaur containing only the type species, Micropachycephalosaurus hongtuyanensis It lived in China during the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) and was found in the Jiangjunding Formation.

<i>Pinacosaurus</i> Genus of ankylosaurid dinosaur from Late Cretaceous

Pinacosaurus is a genus of ankylosaurid thyreophoran dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous, mainly in Mongolia and China.

<i>Tsintaosaurus</i> Hadrosaurid ornithopod dinosaur from Late Cretaceous period

Tsintaosaurus is a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur from China. It was about 8.3 metres (27 ft) long and weighed 2.5 tonnes. The type species is Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus, first described by Chinese paleontologist C. C. Young in 1958.

<i>Tianzhenosaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Tianzhenosaurus is a monospecific genus of ankylosaurid dinosaur from the Shanxi Province that lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now the Huiquanpu Formation. Tianzhenosaurus may represent a junior synonym of Saichania, an ankylosaurine known from the Barun Goyot and Nemegt Formation.

<i>Nanyangosaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Nanyangosaurus is a genus of herbivorous ornithischian dinosaur belonging to Hadrosauroidea that lived in the Late Cretaceous of present-day Henan Province, China.

The Iren Dabasu Formation is a Late Cretaceous geologic formation in the Iren Nor region of Inner Mongolia. Dinosaur remains diagnostic to the genus level are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. The formation was first described and defined by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1922 and it is located in the Iren Nor region of China.

The Meng-Yin or Mengyin Formation is a geological formation in Shandong, China, whose strata date back to the Berriasian and Valanginian stages of the Early Cretaceous.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wangshi Group</span>

The Wangshi Group is a geological Group in Shandong, China whose strata date back to the Coniacian to Campanian stages of the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the group.

The Xinlong Formation is an Early Cretaceous geologic formation in Guangxi, southern China.

<i>Sinoceratops</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Sinoceratops is an extinct genus of ceratopsian dinosaur that lived approximately 73 million years ago during the latter part of the Cretaceous Period in what is now Shandong province in China. It was named in 2010 by Xu Xing et al. for three skulls from Zhucheng, China. The name of its type species Sinoceratops zhuchengensis means "Chinese horned face from Zhucheng", after the location of its discovery.

<i>Ovaloolithus</i> Dinosaur egg

Ovaloolithus is an oogenus of dinosaur egg. Eggs of the genus have been found in China, Mongolia and Utah.

The year 2009 in Archosaur paleontology was eventful. Archosaurs include the only living dinosaur group — birds — and the reptile crocodilians, plus all extinct dinosaurs, extinct crocodilian relatives, and pterosaurs. Archosaur paleontology is the scientific study of those animals, especially as they existed before the Holocene Epoch began about 11,700 years ago. The year 2009 in paleontology included various significant developments regarding archosaurs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of hadrosaur research</span>

This timeline of hadrosaur research is a chronological listing of events in the history of paleontology focused on the hadrosauroids, a group of herbivorous ornithopod dinosaurs popularly known as the duck-billed dinosaurs. Scientific research on hadrosaurs began in the 1850s, when Joseph Leidy described the genera Thespesius and Trachodon based on scrappy fossils discovered in the western United States. Just two years later he published a description of the much better-preserved remains of an animal from New Jersey that he named Hadrosaurus.

<i>Ischioceratops</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Ischioceratops is an extinct genus of small herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur that lived approximately 69 million years ago during the latter part of the Cretaceous Period in what is now China.

<i>Laiyangosaurus</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Laiyangosaurus is a genus of saurolophine hadrosaurid from the Late Cretaceous Jingangkou Formation of China. It is known from one species, L.youngi, found in the Laiyang Basin within the province of Shandong.

Sinankylosaurus is a genus of dinosaur, originally described as an ankylosaur, from the Late Cretaceous Hongtuya Formation of Shandong, China. The genus contains a single species, Sinankylosaurus zhuchengensis, known from a nearly complete right ilium. The describers claim that the discovery of Sinankylosaurus further demonstrates the similarity between dinosaurs of eastern Asia and western North America.

The Jiangjunding Formation is a geological formation in Shandong, China whose strata date back to the Campanian-Maastrichtian stages of the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the group.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Zhang, J.L.; Wang, Q; Jiang, S.X.; Cheng, X.; Li, N.; Qiu, R.; Zhang, X.J.; Wang, X.L. (2017). "Review of historical and current research on the Late Cretaceous dinosaurs and dinosaur eggs from Laiyang, Shandong" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 55 (2): 187–200.
  2. Wiman, C (1929). "Die Kreide-Dinosaurier aus Shantung". Palaeontologia Sinica. 6 (1): 1–67.
  3. Paul, G.S., 2010, The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs, p. 296
  4. Riabinin, A.N. (1939). ""[in Russian] "The Upper Cretaceous vertebrate fauna of South Kazakhstan, Reptilia; Part 1, the Ornithischia". Transactions of the Central Geological and Prospecting Institute. 118: 1–38.
  5. Young, C.C. (1958). "The dinosaurian remains of Laiyang, Shantung". Palaeontologica Sinica. 16: 53–138.
  6. Zhen, S. (1976). "A new species of hadrosaur from Shandong" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica (in Chinese (China)). 14 (3): 166–169.
  7. Buffetaut, E.; Tong-Buffetaut, H. (1993). "Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus YOUNG and Tanius sinensis WIMAN: a preliminary comparative study of two hadrosaurs (Dinosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of China". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série II. 317: 1255–1261.
  8. Zhang, Yu-Guang; Wang, Ke-Bai; Chen, Shu-Qing; Di, Liu; Xing, Hai (2019). "Osteological re‐assessment and taxonomic revision of "Tanius laiyangensis" (Ornithischia: Hadrosauroidea) from the Upper Cretaceous of Shandong, China"". The Anatomical Record. 303 (4): 790–800. doi: 10.1002/AR.24097 . PMID   30773831.
  9. 1 2 Borinder, N.H. (2015). "Postcranial Anatomy of Tanius Sinensis Wiman, 1929 (Dinosauria; Hadrosauroidea)" (PDF). Examensarbete vid Institutionen för geovetenskaper. Upsala University. ISSN   1650-6553.