| Sirindhorna Temporal range: Aptian ~ | |
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| Right dentary bone from three angles | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Dinosauria |
| Order: | † Ornithischia |
| Clade: | † Ornithopoda |
| Superfamily: | † Hadrosauroidea |
| Genus: | † Sirindhorna Shibata, Jintasakul, Azuma & You, 2015 |
| Type species | |
| †Sirindhorna khoratensis Shibata, Jintasakul, Azuma & You, 2015 | |
Sirindhorna is a genus of hadrosauroid ornithopod dinosaur from Early Cretaceous deposits of northeastern Thailand. [1]
In 2007, the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum (FPDM) approached the Northeastern Research Institute of Petrified Woods and Mineral Resources, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University (NRRU) and associated Khorat Fossil Museum on the possibility of a collaboration. The motivation for such an effort was because of the similar age of rocks in Suranaree Subdistrict, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand and Katsuayama, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. Similar dinosaurs are known from the formations of both locales, and so the researchers wanted to collaborate in research to be able to more deeply compare the prehistory of both countries. The collaboration was approved as the Japan-Thailand Dinosaur Project (JTDP), and this contributed to the basis of the founding of the Asia Dinosaur Association in 2013, by which time over 30,000 fossils had been found by the joint effort. [1] [2]
The fossils of Sirindhorna were collected as part of the JTDP, at the Ban Saphan Hin site of the Khok Kruat Formation; the dating of the formation is uncertain (as index fossils have proven rare), but it's thought to mostly likely date the Aptian stage of the late Early Cretaceous Period, between 125 and 112 million years ago. [1] The formation does not usually crop out in the Nakhon Ratchasima province, where the geologic features are covered in a layer of thin red soil (local legend claims this colour is from the blood of dinosaurs [2] ); [1] Early Cretaceous bedrock in Suranaree is generally found around a metre below ground level. [2] The locality of the Sirindhorna bonebed is usually used for farming of corn and tapioca. Digging to make a reservoir, farmers happened upon dinosaur fossils. Researchers re-identified the bonebed's location and gathered information on taphonomy and other fossils found there, pertaining to various vertebrates but not any plants or invertebrates. Farming was not conducted while fossil excavation was conducted. [1]
Described in 2015 by Thai palaeontologists Masateru Shibata, Pratueng Jintasakul, Yoichi Azuma and Hai-Lu You, Sirindhorna was one of eighteen dinosaur taxa from the year to be described in an open access or free-to-read journal. [1] [3] It's the third species of iguanodont found in Thailand, following Siamodon and Ratchasimasaurus , both known from poorer material, and the first ornithopod from Southeast Asia to have a well-preserved skull. The type and only species of the genus is Sirindhorna khoratensis. The taxon is known from the holotype specimen NRRU3001-166, an articulated braincase, as well as a number of disarticulated referred specimens. The material known from these referred specimens consists of three more partial braincases, one with an articulated postorbital, one right premaxilla, a left and right maxilla, a right jugal, surangular, and quadrate, one predentary, a right and left dentary, and assorted teeth. The generic name is dedication to Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn for her contribution to the support and encouragement of palaeontology in Thailand. The specific name is derived from Khorat, the informal name of Nakhon Ratchasima Province. [1]
The ilium and ischium of S. khoratensis still remains undescribed. [4]
Siamosaurus is a genus of spinosaurid dinosaur that lived in what is now known as China and Thailand during the Early Cretaceous period and is the first reported spinosaurid from Asia. It is confidently known only from tooth fossils; the first were found in the Sao Khua Formation, with more teeth later recovered from the younger Khok Kruat Formation. The only species Siamosaurus suteethorni, whose name honours Thai palaeontologist Varavudh Suteethorn, was formally described in 1986. In 2009, four teeth from China previously attributed to a pliosaur—under the species "Sinopliosaurus" fusuiensis—were identified as those of a spinosaurid, possibly Siamosaurus. It is yet to be determined if two partial spinosaurid skeletons from Thailand and an isolated tooth from Japan also belong to Siamosaurus.
Fukuisaurus is a genus of herbivorous ornithopod dinosaur that lived during the Early Cretaceous in what is now Japan. The type species is F. tetoriensis, which was named and described in 2003.
Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima is one of 32 districts of Nakhon Ratchasima province, northeastern Thailand.
The Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum, located in Katsuyama, Fukui, Japan, is one of the leading dinosaur museums in Asia that is renowned for its exhibits of fossil specimens of dinosaurs and paleontological research. It is sited in the Nagaoyama Park near the Kitadani Dinosaur Quarry that the Lower Cretaceous Kitadani Formation of the Tetori Group is cropped out and a large number of dinosaur remains including Fukuiraptor kitadaniensis and Fukuisaurus tetoriensis are found and excavated.
The Kitadani Formation is a unit of Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rock which crops out near the city of Katsuyama in Fukui Prefecture, Japan, and it is the primary source of Cretaceous-aged non-marine vertebrate fossils in Japan. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, but it also preserves a diverse assemblage of plants, invertebrates, and other vertebrates. Most, if not all, of the fossil specimens collected from the Kitadani Formation are reposited at the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum.
Fukuititan is a genus of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur that lived in the Early Cretaceous in what is now Japan. It is known from FPDM-V8468, the associated partial skeleton of a single individual, recovered from the Kitadani Dinosaur Quarry of the Tetori Group, at Katsuyama City. The type species, Fukuititan nipponensis, was described in 2010 by Japanese scientists Yoichi Azuma and Masateru Shibata of the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum. The discovery sheds light on Japanese titanosauriforms, which are poorly known in the region.
Siamodon is an extinct genus of iguanodontian ornithopod dinosaur from Early Cretaceous deposits of northeastern Thailand.
The Khok Kruat Formation is a rock formation found in northeastern Thailand. It is the uppermost formation of the Khorat Group. It is dated to the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous period, and is notable for its fossils of dinosaurs. It is equivalent to the Gres superieurs Formation of Laos. The group is a fluvial formation consisting primarily of red siltstones and sandstones.
Ratchasimasaurus is a genus of iguanodontian ornithopod dinosaur from Early Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation of Nakhon Ratchasima Province in northeastern Thailand. The type and only species is R. suranareae, named after Thao Suranari, a 19th-century war heroine. It was considered by one study to be a nomen dubium, diagnosed with characters widespread in Styracosterna.
Yueosaurus is an extinct genus of basal neornithischian dinosaur known from Zhejiang Province, China.
Dongyangopelta is an monospecific genus of nodosaurid dinosaur that lived in China during the Early to Late Cretaceous period in what is now the Chaochuan Formation. The type and only known species, Dongyangopelta yangyanensis, is known from a partial postcranial skeleton preserving osteoderms and ossified tendons. It was named in 2013 by Rongjun Chen, Wenjie Zheng, Yoichi Azuma, Masateru Shibata, Tianling Lou, Qiang Jin and Xinsheng Jin. Dongyangopelta represents one of the only nodosaurids known from Asia, along with Taohelong and Sauroplites.
This timeline of hadrosaur research is a chronological listing of events in the history of paleontology focused on the hadrosauroids, a group of herbivorous ornithopod dinosaurs popularly known as the duck-billed dinosaurs. Scientific research on hadrosaurs began in the 1850s, when Joseph Leidy described the genera Thespesius and Trachodon based on scrappy fossils discovered in the western United States. Just two years later he published a description of the much better-preserved remains of an animal from New Jersey that he named Hadrosaurus.
Nipponoolithus is an oogenus of fossil egg native to Japan. It is one of the smallest known dinosaur eggs, and was probably laid by some kind of non-avian maniraptor.
Plagioolithus is an oogenus of fossil egg. It is from the Early Cretaceous of Japan. It was probably laid by a bird, making it the oldest known fossil bird egg.
The Liangtoutang Formation, also referred to as the Laijia Formation is a geological formation located in Zhejiang, China. Its strata date back to the Albian to Cenomanian stages of the Cretaceous period. The lithology primarily consists of red sandstone.
Varavudh Suteethorn, or Warawut Suteethorn is a Thai geologist and palaeontologist. He is the current director of the Palaeontological Research and Education Centre, Mahasarakham University. He is best known for his work on vertebrate palaeontology in northeastern Thailand, having contributed to the discovery of many fossil taxa and dig sites in the Khorat Plateau, as a part of a long-standing collaboration between Thai and French scientists.
Siamraptor is an extinct genus of carcharodontosaurian dinosaur, containing the single species S. suwati, known from the Khok Kruat Formation of Thailand. It is the first definitive named carcharodontosaurian species known from Southeast Asia.
Symmetrolestes is an extinct genus of small spalacotheriid mammal from the Early Cretaceous period of Japan. The genus contains one species known as S. parvus, the type fossil is from fluvial deposits located in the Dinosaur Quarry in the Kitadani Formation, near the city of Katsuyama which lies alongside valley of the Sugiyamagawa River. It was described by Tsubamoto and Rougier in 2004 keeping the holotype at the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan.
Fukuipteryx is an extinct genus of basal avialan dinosaurs found in Early Cretaceous deposits from Japan's Kitadani Formation. It contains one species, Fukuipteryx prima.
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