Dutch general election, 1853

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General elections were held in the Netherlands on 17 May 1853. [1] They followed the dissolution of the House of Representatives as a result of a government crisis caused by the restoration of the episcopal hierarchy.

Netherlands Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Europe

The Netherlands is a country located mainly in Northwestern Europe. The European portion of the Netherlands consists of twelve separate provinces that border Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, with maritime borders in the North Sea with Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom. Together with three island territories in the Caribbean Sea—Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba— it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The official language is Dutch, but a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian.

House of Representatives (Netherlands) lower house of the Netherlands

The House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral parliament of the Netherlands, the States General, the other one being the Senate. It has 150 seats which are filled through elections using a party-list proportional representation. It sits in the Binnenhof in The Hague.

Reestablishment of the episcopal hierarchy in the Netherlands

On 4 March 1853, Pope Pius IX restored the episcopal hierarchy in the Netherlands with the papal bull Ex qua die arcano, after the Dutch Constitutional Reform of 1848 had made this possible. The re-establishment of the episcopal hierarchy led to the April movement protest in 1853.

Contents

The result of the elections was a defeat for Prime Minister Johan Rudolph Thorbecke and his liberals. Only the province of Groningen and Twente remained a liberal stronghold. The conservative Van Hall-Donker Curtius cabinet thus received ample support in the House of Representatives and Floris Adriaan van Hall became Prime Minister. However, the restoration of the episcopal hierarchy that had caused the government crisis was not reversed, although the Roman Catholic Church was restricted in its freedom of movement by the introduction of the Law on Church Societies. [2]

Johan Rudolph Thorbecke Dutch politician

Johan Rudolph Thorbecke was a Dutch statesman of a liberal bent, one of the most important Dutch politicians of the 19th century. In 1848, he virtually single-handedly drafted the revision of the Constitution of the Netherlands, giving less power to the king and more to the States General, and guaranteeing more religious, personal and political freedom to the people.

Groningen (province) The northeasternmost province of the Netherlands

Groningen is the northeasternmost province of the Netherlands. It borders on Friesland to the west, Drenthe to the south, the German state of Lower Saxony to the east, and the Wadden Sea to the north. In 2014, it had a population of 582,640 and a total area of 2,960 km2 (1,140 sq mi).

Twente region of the Netherlands

Twente is a non-administrative region in the eastern Netherlands. It encompasses the most urbanised and easternmost part of the province of Overijssel. Twente is most likely named after the Tuihanti or Tvihanti, a Germanic tribe that settled in the area and was mentioned by the Roman historian Tacitus. The region's borders are defined by the Overijssel region of Salland in the northwest and west, the German County of Bentheim in the northeast and east and the Gelderland region of the Achterhoek in the south.

Background

During the Constitutional Reform of 1848, the Catholic Church was allowed to determine ecclesiastical divisions within the Netherlands in the context of the separation of church and state. In 1853 this law was applied, and Pope Pius IX divided the Netherlands into five dioceses, including an archdiocese in Utrecht. Among the Dutch Protestants, there was much dislike of this action, which culminated in the April movement. The submission of the complaints by the April movement to King William III led to a crisis between the king and the Thorbecke I cabinet, which felt that the king had answered the April movement too positively and had not been sufficiently neutral. As a result, the cabinet resigned and the House of Representatives was dissolved.

Constitutional Reform of 1848

The Constitutional Reform of 1848 laid the basis for the present system of parliamentary democracy in the Netherlands. It is often described as the original version of the Dutch Constitution that is still in force today. Under pressure from the Revolutions of 1848 in surrounding countries, King William II agreed to several demands of the liberal parliamentary opposition. The House of Representatives obtained much more influence, and was now directly elected. The reform was in some sense a peaceful revolution, in which liberal politician Johan Rudolph Thorbecke and King William II played important roles.

Catholic Church Christian church led by the Bishop of Rome

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with approximately 1.3 billion baptised Catholics worldwide as of 2017. As the world's "oldest continuously functioning international institution", it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilisation. The church is headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope. Its central administration, the Holy See, is in the Vatican City, an enclave within the city of Rome in Italy.

The separation of church and state is a philosophic and jurisprudential concept for defining political distance in the relationship between religious organizations and the nation state. Conceptually, the term refers to the creation of a secular state and to disestablishment, the changing of an existing, formal relationship between the church and the state.

According to the then electoral law, this was an exceptional situation: normally half the House was elected every two years, and not the House as a whole.

Results

PartyVotes%Seats
Conservatives 26
Liberals 25
Conservative Liberals 9
Anti-Revolutionaries8
Total60,43210068
Registered voters/turnout85,07671.0–
Source: Bromley & Kossman, [3] Nohlen & Stöver

By district

District Members elected Group Ref.
Alkmaar Foreest, Cornelis van Cornelis van Foreest Conservative [4]
Rochussen, Jan Jacob Jan Jacob Rochussen [Note 1] Conservative [5]
Almelo Hoëvell, Wolter Robert van Wolter Robert van Hoëvell [Note 1] Thorbeckian liberal [6]
Man, Maximiliaan Jacob de Maximiliaan Jacob de Man [Note 1] Pragmatic liberal [7]
Amersfoort Rappard, Frederik van Frederik van Rappard Conservative [8]
Reede van Oudtshoorn, Johan Frederik van Johan Frederik van Reede van Oudtshoorn Pragmatic liberal [9]
Amsterdam Bosscha, Joannes Joannes Bosscha Conservative [10]
Franck, Siebert Rudolph van Siebert Rudolph van Franck Conservative [11]
Godefroi, Michel Henry Michel Henry Godefroi [Note 1] Pragmatic liberal [12]
Schimmelpenninck, Gerrit Gerrit Schimmelpenninck Conservative [13]
Stolte, Harm Harm Stolte [Note 1] Conservative [14]
Appingedam Westerhoff, Rembertus Rembertus Westerhoff [Note 1] Thorbeckian liberal [15]
Zijlker, Jan Freerks Jan Freerks Zijlker [Note 1] Thorbeckian liberal [16]
Arnhem Lynden, Willem van Willem van Lynden [Note 1] Anti-revolutionary [17]
Mackay, Æneas Æneas Mackay [Note 1] Anti-revolutionary [18]
Assen Heiden Reinestein, Louis van Louis van Heiden Reinestein [Note 1] Conservative [19]
Veen, Petrus van der Petrus van der Veen [Note 1] Pragmatic liberal [20]
Boxmeer Hengst, Johannes Johannes Hengst [Note 1] Pragmatic liberal [21]
Breda Meeussen, Karel Adrianus Karel Adrianus Meeussen [Note 1] Thorbeckian liberal [22]
Storm, Lambertus Dominicus Lambertus Dominicus Storm [Note 1] Thorbeckian liberal [23]
Delft Hoekwater, Cornelis Cornelis Hoekwater Conservative [24]
Wintgens, Willem Willem Wintgens [Note 1] Pragmatic liberal [25]
Den Bosch Luyben, Johannes Johannes Luyben [Note 1] Conservative liberal [26]
Poorter, Johannes de Johannes de Poorter [Note 1] Thorbeckian liberal [27]
Den Haag Boreel van Hogelanden, Willem Willem Boreel van Hogelanden [Note 1] Pragmatic liberal [28]
Rijk, Julius Constantijn Julius Constantijn Rijk Conservative [29]
Deventer Storm van 's Gravesande, Carel Carel Storm van 's Gravesande [Note 1] Pragmatic liberal [30]
Dokkum Bruggen Hugenholtz, Isaäc ter Isaäc ter Bruggen Hugenholtz [Note 1] Thorbeckian liberal [31]
Dordrecht Poel, Johannes Dirk van der Johannes Dirk van der Poel Conservative [32]
Sander, Pieter Adriaan Pieter Adriaan Sander Conservative [33]
Eindhoven Bots, Johannes Baptista Johannes Baptista Bots [Note 1] Thorbeckian liberal [34]
Heuvel, Petrus van den Petrus van den Heuvel Pragmatic liberal [35]
Goes Deinse, Joannes Jacobus van Joannes Jacobus van Deinse Conservative [36]
Gorinchem Elout van Soeterwoude, Pieter Jacob Pieter Jacob Elout van Soeterwoude Anti-revolutionary [37]
Gouda Brauw, Willem Maurits de Willem Maurits de Brauw Conservative [38]
Hoffmann, Mari Aert Frederic Henri Mari Aert Frederic Henri Hoffmann Conservative [39]
Groningen Blaupot ten Cate, Steven Steven Blaupot ten Cate [Note 1] Pragmatic liberal [40]
Haarlem Voorst, Willem Hendrik van Willem Hendrik van Voorst [Note 1] Pragmatic liberal [41]
Hoorn Akerlaken, Dirk van Dirk van Akerlaken [Note 1] Pragmatic liberal [42]
Donker Hendrikszoon, Johannes Johannes Donker Hendrikszoon Conservative [43]
Leeuwarden Bieruma Oosting, Jan Jan Bieruma Oosting Conservative [44]
Dirks, Jacob Jacob Dirks [Note 1] Conservative [45]
Leiden Gevers van Endegeest, Daniël Théodore Daniël Théodore Gevers van Endegeest [Note 1] Conservative [46]
Amerongen, Pieter Hendrik Taets van Pieter Hendrik Taets van Amerongen [Note 1] Conservative [47]
Maastricht Thorbecke, Johan Rudolph Johan Rudolph Thorbecke Thorbeckian liberal [48]
Wintershoven, Edmond van Edmond van Wintershoven [Note 1] Thorbeckian liberal [49]
Middelburg Slicher van Domburg, Jan Jacob Jan Jacob Slicher van Domburg [Note 1] Conservative [50]
Eck, Daniël van Daniël van Eck [Note 1] Thorbeckian liberal [51]
Nijmegen Dommer van Poldersveldt, Gustaaf Gustaaf Dommer van Poldersveldt [Note 1] Conservative (Catholic) [52]
Nispen van Sevenaer, Joannes van Joannes van Nispen van Sevenaer [Note 1] Pragmatic liberal [53]
Roermond Lom de Berg, Pieter Lodewijk de Pieter Lodewijk de Lom de Berg [Note 1] Conservative (Catholic) [54]
Strens, Martin Pascal Hubert Martin Pascal Hubert Strens Pragmatic liberal [55]
Rotterdam Baud, Jean Chrétien Jean Chrétien Baud [Note 1] Conservative [56]
Bosse, Peter van Peter van Bosse Pragmatic liberal [57]
Sneek Engelen, Willem Engelbart Willem Engelbart Engelen Conservative [58]
Sleeswijk Vening, Cornelis Cornelis Sleeswijk Vening Conservative [59]
Steenwijk Lennep, Jacob van Jacob van Lennep Conservative [60]
Tiel Kempenaer, Jacob de Jacob de Kempenaer Conservative [61]
Tilburg Beens, Carolus Cornelius Aloysius Carolus Cornelius Aloysius Beens Thorbeckian liberal [62]
Jespers, Franciscus Johannes Franciscus Johannes Jespers [Note 1] Thorbeckian liberal [63]
Utrecht Asch van Wijck, Hubert Alexander Maurits van Hubert Alexander Maurits van Asch van Wijck Anti-revolutionary [64]
Goltstein, Jan Karel van Jan Karel van Goltstein [Note 1] Pragmatic liberal [65]
Zierikzee Schuurbeque Boeije, Jean François Jean François Schuurbeque Boeije Conservative [66]
Zuidhorn Reinders, Geert Geert Reinders [Note 1] Pragmatic liberal [67]
Zutphen Brugghen, Justinus van der Justinus van der Brugghen Anti-revolutionary [68]
Schimmelpenninck van der Oye, Willem Anne Willem Anne Schimmelpenninck van der Oye Conservative [69]
Zwolle Groen van Prinsterer, Guillaume Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer [Note 1] Anti-revolutionary [70]
Sloet tot Oldhuis, Bartholomeus Bartholomeus Sloet tot Oldhuis [Note 1] Thorbeckian liberal [71]

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Incumbent.

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References

  1. ↑ Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1395 ISBN   978-3-8329-5609-7
  2. ↑ 1960-, Jong, Ron de (Ronald), (cop. 2011). Verkiezingen op de kaart 1848-2010 : Tweede Kamerverkiezingen vanuit geografisch perspectief. Kolk, Henk van der, 1965-, Voerman, Gerrit, historicus, 1957-, Klijnsma, M.H. (Meine Henk), 1959-, Slooves, M. (Maarten), kartograaf. Utrecht: Matrijs. ISBN   9789053454374. OCLC   743090734.Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ↑ J.S. Bromley and E.H. Kossmann (1960) Britain and the Netherlands; Volume IV Metropolis, Dominion and Province, p198
  4. ↑ "Jhr.Mr. C. van Foreest". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  5. ↑ "J.J. Rochussen". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  6. ↑ "Dr. W.R. baron van Hoëvell". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  7. ↑ "Mr. M.J. de Man". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  8. ↑ "Mr. W.L.F.Ch. (Frederik) ridder van Rappard". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  9. ↑ "Mr. S. van Walchren". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  10. ↑ "Dr. J. Bosscha". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  11. ↑ "S.R. van Franck". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  12. ↑ "Mr. M.H. Godefroi". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  13. ↑ "G. (Gerrit) graaf Schimmelpenninck". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  14. ↑ "H. Stolte". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  15. ↑ "Dr. R. Westerhoff". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  16. ↑ "J.F. Zijlker". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  17. ↑ "Mr. W. baron van Lynden". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  18. ↑ "Mr. Æ. baron Mackay". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  19. ↑ "Mr. L. graaf van Heiden Reinestein". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  20. ↑ "Mr. P. van der Veen". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  21. ↑ "Mr. J.B.J. Hengst". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  22. ↑ "Mr. K.A. Meeussen". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  23. ↑ "Mr. L.D. Storm". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  24. ↑ "C. Hoekwater". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  25. ↑ "Mr. W. Wintgens". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  26. ↑ "Mr. J.L.A. Luyben". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  27. ↑ "Dr. J.H.H. de Poorter". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  28. ↑ "Jhr.Mr. W. Boreel van Hogelanden". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  29. ↑ "J.C. Rijk". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  30. ↑ "Jhr. C.M. Storm van 's-Gravesande". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  31. ↑ "I.Th. Ter Bruggen Hugenholtz". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  32. ↑ "Mr. J.D. van der Poel". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  33. ↑ "Mr. P.A. Sander". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  34. ↑ "Mr. J.B. Bots". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  35. ↑ "Mr. P. van den Heuvel". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  36. ↑ "Mr. J.J. van Deinse". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  37. ↑ "Jhr.Mr. P.J. Elout van Soeterwoude". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  38. ↑ "Jhr.Mr. W.M. de Brauw". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  39. ↑ "M.A.F.H. Hoffmann". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  40. ↑ "S. Blaupot ten Cate". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  41. ↑ "Mr. W.H. van Voorst". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  42. ↑ "Jhr.Mr. D. van Akerlaken". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  43. ↑ "J. Donker Hzn". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  44. ↑ "Mr. J. Bieruma Oosting". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  45. ↑ "Mr. J. Dirks". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  46. ↑ "Jhr.Mr. D.Th. Gevers van Endegeest". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  47. ↑ "P.H. baron Taets van Amerongen tot Natewisch". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  48. ↑ "Dr.Mr. J.R. Thorbecke". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  49. ↑ "Mr. P.F.E. van Wintershoven". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  50. ↑ "Mr. J.J. Slicher van Domburg". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  51. ↑ "Mr. D. van Eck". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  52. ↑ "Jhr. G.E.G.C.K. Dommer van Poldersveldt". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  53. ↑ "Jhr. J.A.Ch.A. van Nispen van Sevenaer". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  54. ↑ "Mr. P.L. de Lom de Berg". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  55. ↑ "Mr. M.P.H. Strens". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  56. ↑ "J.Ch. Baud". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  57. ↑ "Mr. P.Ph. (Pieter) van Bosse". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  58. ↑ "Jhr.Mr. W.E. Engelen". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  59. ↑ "Mr. C. Sleeswijk Vening". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  60. ↑ "Mr. J. van Lennep". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  61. ↑ "Mr. J.M. de Kempenaer". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  62. ↑ "Mr. C.C.A. Beens". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  63. ↑ "Mr. F.J. Jespers". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  64. ↑ "Jhr.Mr. H.A.M. van Asch van Wijck". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  65. ↑ "Mr. J.K. baron van Goltstein". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  66. ↑ "Jhr.Mr. J.F. Schuurbeque Boeije". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  67. ↑ "G. Reinders". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  68. ↑ "Mr. J.J.L. van der Brugghen". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  69. ↑ "W.A. baron Schimmelpenninck van der Oye". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  70. ↑ "Mr.Dr. G. (Willem) Groen van Prinsterer". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  71. ↑ "Mr. B.W.A.E. baron Sloet tot Oldhuis". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 July 2017.
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