Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia

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Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia
Luthseal.svg
Symbol of Lutheranism
Classification Protestant
Orientation Lutheran
Polity Episcopal
Presiding Bishop Shekutaamba Nambala
Associations
Region Namibia
Headquarters Oniipa
Origin1954
Engela
Congregations123
Members772,398
Ministers 143
Secondary schools 2
Other name(s)Evangelical Lutheran Ovambo-Kavango Church
Official website www.elcinorg.com

The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (ELCIN) is a Lutheran denomination based in Namibia. It has a total membership of over 853,522 in 2023, [1] mainly in Northern Namibia. Formerly known as the Evangelical Lutheran Ovambo-Kavango Church (ELOC), it played a significant role in opposition to Apartheid in Namibia and was part of the Namibian independence struggle. [2]

Contents

Other Lutheran churches in Namibia are the southern based Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia and the German-speaking Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (GELK). [3]

The last presiding bishop was Shekutaamba Nambala. He retired in 2021; by the end of 2022, the post was still vacant. [4]

History

Pietari Kurvinen, a Finnish missionary in 1909 Pietari Kurvinen vuonna 1909.jpg
Pietari Kurvinen, a Finnish missionary in 1909

The church developed out of the work of the Finnish Missionary Society that began in 1870 among the Ovambo and Kavango people in the northern area of what became German South West Africa. In 1954, an independent church known as the Evangelical Lutheran Ovambo-Kavango Church was established with Birger Eriksson as its first president. [5]

The first Namibian bishop of ELOC, Leonard Auala, played a notable role in the struggle for Namibia's independence. In 1971, an open letter was written jointly with Moderator Paulus Gowaseb of the Rhenish Mission's United Evangelical Lutheran Church in South West Africa (later known as the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia) to the Prime Minister of South Africa, B. J. Vorster, which declared their church's opposition to the continued rule of South Africa and the acceptance of the recommendation by the International Court of Justice for the withdrawal of South Africa's mandate and a transition period towards independence. [6]

In 1984, ELOC's name was officially changed to its current iteration, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia. [2]

Auala's successor, Kleopas Dumeni, also played an important role in highlighting the plight of Namibians under South African rule. [7] Bishop Dumeni suffered personal losses in the struggle including the death of his 18-year-old daughter in a bomb blast in 1988. [8]

In 2007, ELCIN together with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia and the German-speaking Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (GELK) formed the United Church Council: Namibia Evangelical Lutheran Churches, with the ultimate aim of becoming one united national Lutheran church. [2]

Structure

The church was originally led by a moderator elected from amongst the clergy. In the 1960s, the church adopted episcopal polity and was subsequently led by a bishop. In 1992, the church was divided into two dioceses, the Eastern Diocese and the Western Diocese, each led by its own bishop, and since 1996 a Presiding Bishop has been elected to preside over the whole ELCIN.

There have been calls for the Western Diocese to be further divided into two, to create a total of three dioceses. [9] Two further dioceses would be added by the proposed amalgamation with Namibia's other two Lutheran denominations, a process which is under discussion.

Moderators and Presiding Bishops

Moderators of ELOC [10]
Bishops of ELOC (episcopal polity adopted 1963)
Presiding Bishops of ELCIN

Okahao controversy

Between 2012 and 2014, the Bishop of the Western Diocese was Josafat Shanghala. Shanghala attempted to move the parish pastor at Okahao, the Rev Hulda Shau-Aitana, to the parish of Okambebe. The pastor refused to move, claiming that the relocation was not for pastoral reasons, but rather a personal punishment. The issue became highly divisive within the church, and high-profile within Namibian news media.

In October 2013, parishioners at Okahao petitioned Presiding Bishop Shekutaamba Nambala to have Shanghala removed from office. The Presiding Bishop attempted to intervene, and appointed two separate commissions to report on the growing public controversy, but the results of both commissions were rejected by the parish. The Presiding Bishop ultimately appeared to side with the parish authorities, leading to concerns being expressed for the future unity of the church. [12]

On 9 February 2014, Shanghala attempted to visit Okahao parish to preach at the Sunday morning service, but he was prevented from speaking by the congregation, who heckled him in the pulpit, and then ejected him from the church. [13]

The controversy was terminated when Shanghala retired in June 2014, aged 70. [14] His retirement ceremony was attended by dignitaries of church and state, including the Namibian Prime Minister. Shanghala was succeeded as Bishop of the Western Diocese by Veikko Munyika.

Affiliations

ELCIN participates actively in ecumenical work through its affiliation with:

See also

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Simson Teteinge Haivela Shituwa was one of the first seven Ovambo pastors, whom the director of the Finnish Missionary Society, Matti Tarkkanen ordained into priesthood in Oniipa, Ovamboland, on 27 September 1925, with a permission granted by the Bishop of Tampere, Jaakko Gummerus.

Nangombe Sakeus Iihuhua was one of the first seven Ovambo pastors, whom the director of the Finnish Missionary Society, Matti Tarkkanen ordained into priesthood in Oniipa, Ovamboland, on 27 September 1925, with a permission granted by the Bishop of Tampere, Jaakko Gummerus. His brother Obadja Iihuhua was also ordained at the same time.

Juuso Amuaalua (Hamalwa) Ngaikukwete was one of the first seven Ovambo pastors, whom the director of the Finnish Missionary Society, Matti Tarkkanen ordained into priesthood in Oniipa, Ovamboland, on 27 September 1925, with a permission granted by the Bishop of Tampere, Jaakko Gummerus.

Leevi Gerson Max was an Ovambo pastor in the service of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia. He was one of the founders of the labour movement in Namibia.

Ulla Pirkko Nenonen was a Finnish theologian, missionary with the Finnish Missionary Society and Bible translator, who served in missionary work in Namibia during a 54-year span. Of Finnish missionaries, only Martti Rautanen and his wife Frieda and daughter Johanna have served longer in the mission field.

Shekutaamba Väinö yaVäinö Nambala is a retired Bishop in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia.

Lahja Anna-Maija Lehtonen was a Finnish missionary who worked for a long time in Ovamboland, Namibia. She held a master’s degree in the English language from the University of Helsinki, and she was known as the long time English teacher of the Oshigambo High School, which she co-founded together with Toivo Tirronen in 1960.

Kleopas Hafeni Dumeni is a Namibian church leader and a bishop emeritus of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia.

Tomas Iimbondi Shivute is a bishop emeritus of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia. Shivute is the son of Sakaria Nehoya lyaShivute shaNdjongolo and Rauha Namunyela gweEgumbo.

Apollos Mhani Nghilifa Kaulinge is a bishop emeritus of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia.

Josafat Shanghala (Kashindi) (b. 8 June 1944 Nakayale, Outapi, Ombalantu, Namibia) is a bishop emeritus of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia.

Veikko Ndelihongela Munyika is a bishop emeritus of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia.

Chiwempe Johannes Sindano is a bishop emeritus of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (ELCIN). He was born in Muye, Mexico, Angola.

References

  1. ↑ "Lutheran World Federation website, retrieved 2032-08-28". Archived from the original on 2023-08-11. Retrieved 2023-09-19.
  2. 1 2 3 Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia Archived 2008-08-30 at the Wayback Machine World Council of Churches, January 2006
  3. ↑ "Namibian church website". Archived from the original on 2021-01-23. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
  4. ↑ "Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (ELCIN) - Founders". ELCIN home pages. ELCIN. 2021. Archived from the original on 10 September 2022. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  5. ↑ "1952-1954". Chronology of Namibian History. Namibia Library of Dr. Klaus Dierks. Archived from the original on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
  6. ↑ Dugard, John (1973). "The South West Africa/Namibia Dispute: Documents and Scholarly Writings on the Controversy Between South Africa and The United Nations". Perspectives on Southern Africa. University of California Press (9).
  7. ↑ "Bishop Kleopas Dumeni: 'Namibian blacks worse off than those South Africa'". The Afro-American. 4 April 1987. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
  8. ↑ "Dumeni's Daughter Among Dozens Killed in Namibia Bomb Blast" (PDF). Dateline: Namibia. Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. 1988. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
  9. ↑ See reports in The Namibian Archived 2017-08-02 at the Wayback Machine in June 2014.
  10. ↑ Peltola, Matti (1958). Sata vuotta suomalaista lähetystyötä 1859–1959. II: Suomen Lähetysseuran Afrikan työn historia[A hundred years of Finnish missionary work 1859-1959. II: The history of the Finnish Missionary Society in Africa] (in Finnish). Helsinki: Suomen Lähetysseura (The Finnish Missionary Society). pp. 242–243.
  11. ↑ Nambian newspaper website, article dated 5 December 2021
  12. ↑ Report Okahao ELCIN parishioners split Archived 2017-08-02 at the Wayback Machine at The Namibian.
  13. ↑ See report Congregation boos Bishop Shanghala out of church Archived 2014-03-06 at the Wayback Machine by Kakunawe Shinana at New Era Newsgroup.
  14. ↑ Retirement report Shanghala retires from ELCIN at 70 Archived 2017-08-02 at the Wayback Machine by Oswald Shivute in The Namibian.
  15. ↑ "Lutheran World Federation website, retrieved 2023-08-28". Archived from the original on 2023-08-11. Retrieved 2023-09-19.
  16. ↑ "World Council of Churches website, COC page, retrieved 2023-08-28". Archived from the original on 2023-08-11. Retrieved 2023-09-19.
  17. ↑ Members page, retrieved 2023-08-28
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