Feature phone

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The Nokia 3310 (2017 version), an advanced feature phone Nokia 3310 2017.png
The Nokia 3310 (2017 version), an advanced feature phone

A feature phone (also spelled featurephone), dumbphone, or brick phone, [1] is a mobile phone that retains the form factor of earlier generations of mobile telephones, typically with press-button based inputs and a small non-touch display. Feature phones tend to use an embedded operating system with a small and simple graphical user interface, unlike large and complex mobile operating systems on smartphones.

Contents

The functions of feature phones are limited compared to smartphones. Following the rise of smartphones, the feature phone has sometimes been referred to as a dumbphone. [2] However, some feature phones can provide functions found in smartphones, including Internet capabilities, apps and mobile games.

Definition

Prior to the popularity of smartphones, the term 'feature phone' was often used on high-end mobile telephones with assorted functions for retail customers, developed at the advent of 3G networks, which allowed sufficient bandwidth for these capabilities. [3]

Depending on extent of functionality, feature phones may have many of the capabilities of a smartphone, within certain cases. [4]

Contemporary usage

A Walton Olvio E100 feature phone Walton Olvio E100.jpg
A Walton Olvio E100 feature phone

In developed economies, feature phones are primarily specific to niche markets, or have become merely a preference; owing to certain feature combinations not available in other devices, such as:

A well-specified feature phone can be used in industrial environments, and the outdoors, at workplaces that proscribe dedicated cameras, and as an emergency telephone. Several models are equipped with hardware functions; such as FM radio and flashlight, that prevent the device from becoming useless in the event of a major disaster, or entirely obsolete, if and when 2G network infrastructure is shut down. Other feature phones are specifically designed for the elderly, and yet others for religious purposes. [6] In Pakistan and other South Asian countries, many mobile phone outlets use feature phones for balance transfer, referred to as Easyload. [7]

In the late 2010s and early 2020s, multiple new companies were formed specifically to manufacture and sell such phones in North America. These companies reported accelerated growth in 2023 and early 2024, driven by those who find contemporary smartphones too addictive, including parents worried about their children developing such addictions. [2]

History

Nokia feature phones 2 Nokia dumb phones.jpg
Nokia feature phones

In developed economies in the mid 2000s to early 2010s, fashion and brand loyalty drove sales, as markets had matured and people moved to their second and third phones. In the United States, technological innovation with regard to expanded functionality was a secondary consideration, as phone designs there centred on miniaturisation. [8] [9] [10]

Existing feature phone operating systems at the time were not designed to handle additional tasks beyond communication and basic functions, and due to the complex bureaucracy and other factors, they never developed a thriving software ecosystem. [9]

By contrast, iPhone OS (renamed iOS in 2010) and Android were designed as a robust operating system, embracing third-party software, and having capabilities such as multitasking and graphics capabilities in order to meet future consumer demands. [11] These platforms also eclipsed the popularity of smartphone platforms historically aimed towards enterprise markets, such as BlackBerry. [12]

There has been an industry shift from feature phones (including low-end smartphones), which rely mainly on volume sales, to high-end flagship smartphones, which also enjoy higher margins, thus manufacturers find high-end smartphones much more lucrative than feature phones. [13] [14]

The shift away from feature phones has forced mobile network operators to increase subsidies of handsets, and the high selling-prices of flagship smartphones have had a negative effect on the mobile network operators, who have seen their earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortisation (EBITDA) margins drop as they sold more smartphones and fewer feature phones. To help make up for this, carriers typically use high-end devices to upsell customers onto higher-priced service plans with increased data allotments. [15] [16] [17] Trends have shown that consumers are willing to pay more for smartphones that include newer features and technology, and that smartphones were considered to be more relevant in present-day popular culture than feature phones. [18]

Market share

Motorola RAZR V3i Motorola RAZR V3i 03.JPG
Motorola RAZR V3i

During the mid-2000s, best-selling feature phones such as the fashionable flip-phone Motorola Razr, multimedia Sony Ericsson W580i, and the LG Black Label Series not only occupied the mid-range pricing in a wireless provider's range, they made up the bulk of retail sales as smartphones from BlackBerry and Palm were still considered a niche category for business use. Even as late as 2009, smartphone penetration in North America was low. [19]

In 2011, feature phones accounted for 60 percent of the mobile telephones in the United States, [20] and 70 percent of mobile phones sold worldwide. [21] According to Gartner in Q2 2013, 225 million smartphones were sold worldwide which represented a 46.5 percent gain over the same period in 2012, while 210 million feature phones were sold, which was a decrease of 21 percent year over year, the first time that smartphones have outsold feature phones. [18] [22] Smartphones accounted for 51.8 percent of mobile phone sales in the second quarter of 2013, resulting in smartphone sales surpassing feature phone sales for the first time. [23]

A survey of 4,001 Canadians by Media Technology Monitor (MTM) in late 2012 suggested about 83 percent of the anglophone population owned a cellphone, up from 80 percent in 2011 and 74 percent in 2010. About two thirds of the mobile phone owners polled said they had a smartphone, and the other third had feature phones or non-smartphones. According to MTM, non-smartphone users are more likely to be female, older, have a lower income, live in a small community, and have less education. The survey found that smartphone owners tend to be male, younger, live in a high-income household with children in the home, and residents of a community of one million or more people. Students also ranked high among smartphone owners. [24]

Japan

Mobile phones in Japan diverged from those used elsewhere, with carriers and devices often implementing advanced features; such as NTT docomo's i-mode platform for mobile internet in 1999, mobile payments, mobile television, and near field communications; that were not yet widely used, or even adopted, outside of Japan. This divergence has been cited as an example of Galápagos syndrome; as a result, these feature phones are retroactively referred to as a 'gala-phone' (ガラケー, gara-kei), blending with 'mobile phone' (携帯, keitai). While smartphones have gained popularity (and implement features introduced on them), many gala-phones are still commonly used, citing preferences for the devices and their durability over smartphones. [25] [26] [27] [28] [29]

Mobile games oriented towards smartphones have seen significant growth and revenue in Japan, even though there were three times fewer smartphone users in the country than in the United States as of 2017. [30]

Platforms

Java ME was a popular software platform for feature phones in the 2000s, with 3 billion devices supporting it as of 2013. [31] Other platforms which saw significant adoption at this time include Qualcomm's Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless, abbreviated as BREW, and Adobe's Flash Lite.

MediaTek developed an embedded operating system named MAUI Runtime Environment which is based on Nucleus RTOS. [32] [33] Additionally, many phones could access the internet using Wireless Application Protocol. KaiOS can be used as an operating system for feature phones that supports certain apps written using HTML5.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smartphone</span> Handheld mobile device

A smartphone, often simply called a phone, is a mobile device that combines the functionality of a traditional mobile phone with advanced computing capabilities. It typically has a touchscreen interface, allowing users to access a wide range of applications and services, such as web browsing, email, and social media, as well as multimedia playback and streaming. Smartphones have built-in cameras, GPS navigation, and support for various communication methods, including voice calls, text messaging, and internet-based messaging apps.

Sony Mobile Communications Inc. was a multinational telecommunications company founded on October 1, 2001, as a joint venture between Sony Corporation and Ericsson. It was originally incorporated as Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications, and headquartered in London, England, until Sony acquired Ericsson's share in the venture on February 16, 2012. On April 1, 2021, Sony integrated its electronics businesses including Sony Mobile into one company called Sony Corporation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Windows Mobile</span> Family of mobile operating systems by Microsoft (2000–2013)

Windows Mobile is a discontinued mobile operating system developed by Microsoft for smartphones and personal digital assistants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Motorola Mobility</span> American consumer electronics company

Motorola Mobility LLC, marketed as Motorola, is an American consumer electronics manufacturer primarily producing smartphones and other mobile devices running Android. Headquartered at Merchandise Mart in Chicago, Illinois, it is a subsidiary of the Chinese technology company Lenovo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tablet computer</span> Mobile computer with integrated display, circuitry and battery

A tablet computer, commonly shortened to tablet, is a mobile device, typically with a mobile operating system and touchscreen display processing circuitry, and a rechargeable battery in a single, thin and flat package. Tablets, being computers, have similar capabilities, but lack some input/output (I/O) abilities that others have. Modern tablets largely resemble modern smartphones, the only differences being that tablets are relatively larger than smartphones, with screens 7 inches (18 cm) or larger, measured diagonally, and may not support access to a cellular network. Unlike laptops, tablets usually run mobile operating systems, alongside smartphones.

The usage share of an operating system is the percentage of computers running that operating system (OS). These statistics are estimates as wide scale OS usage data is difficult to obtain and measure. Reliable primary sources are limited and data collection methodology is not formally agreed. Currently devices connected to the internet allow for web data collection to approximately measure OS usage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palm Foleo</span> Shelved subnotebook computer by Palm Inc.

The Palm Foleo was a planned subnotebook computer that was announced by mobile device manufacturer Palm Inc. on May 30, 2007, and canceled three months later. It intended to serve as a companion for smartphones including Palm's own Treo line. The device ran on the Linux operating system and featured 256 MB of flash memory and an immediate boot-up feature.

Android is a mobile operating system based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open-source software, designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Android is the world's most widely used computer operating system due to it being used on most smartphones and tablets outside of iPhone and iPad products which use Apple's iOS. As of October 2024, Android has 45% of the global operating system market, followed by Windows with 26%.

A mobile operating system is an operating system used for smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, smartglasses, or other non-laptop personal mobile computing devices. While computers such as typical/mobile laptops are "mobile", the operating systems used on them are usually not considered mobile, as they were originally designed for desktop computers that historically did not have or need specific mobile features. This "fine line" distinguishing mobile and other forms has become blurred in recent years, due to the fact that newer devices have become smaller and more mobile, unlike the hardware of the past. Key notabilities blurring this line are the introduction of tablet computers, light laptops, and the hybridization of the two in 2-in-1 PCs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Windows Phone</span> Family of mobile operating systems developed by Microsoft

Windows Phone (WP) is a discontinued mobile operating system developed by Microsoft Mobile for smartphones as the replacement successor to Windows Mobile and Zune. Windows Phone featured a new user interface derived from the Metro design language. Unlike Windows Mobile, it was primarily aimed at the consumer market rather than the enterprise market.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mobile phone</span> Portable device to make telephone calls using a radio link

A mobile phone or cell phone is a portable telephone that can make and receive calls over a radio frequency link while the user is moving within a telephone service area, as opposed to a fixed-location phone. The radio frequency link establishes a connection to the switching systems of a mobile phone operator, which provides access to the public switched telephone network (PSTN). Modern mobile telephone services use a cellular network architecture, and therefore mobile telephones are called cellphones in North America. In addition to telephony, digital mobile phones support a variety of other services, such as text messaging, multimedia messaging, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications, satellite access, business applications, payments, multimedia playback and streaming, digital photography, and video games. Mobile phones offering only basic capabilities are known as feature phones ; mobile phones that offer greatly advanced computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symbian</span> Discontinued mobile operating system

Symbian was a mobile operating system (OS) and computing platform designed for smartphones. It was originally developed as a proprietary software OS for personal digital assistants in 1998 by the Symbian Ltd. consortium. Symbian OS is a descendant of Psion's EPOC, and was released exclusively on ARM processors, although an unreleased x86 port existed. Symbian was used by many major mobile phone brands, like Samsung, Motorola, Sony Ericsson, and above all by Nokia. It was also prevalent in Japan by brands including Fujitsu, Sharp and Mitsubishi. As a pioneer that established the smartphone industry, it was the most popular smartphone OS on a worldwide average until the end of 2010, at a time when smartphones were in limited use, when it was overtaken by iOS and Android. It was notably less popular in North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lenovo smartphones</span> Smartphones

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Microsoft Lumia</span> Discontinued line of mobile devices by Microsoft

Microsoft Lumia is a discontinued line of mobile devices that was originally designed and marketed by Nokia and later by Microsoft Mobile. Introduced in November 2011, the line was the result of a long-term partnership between Nokia and Microsoft—as such, Lumia smartphones run on Microsoft software, the Windows Phone operating system; and later the newer Windows 10 Mobile. The Lumia name is derived from the partitive plural form of the Finnish word lumi, meaning "snow".

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phablet</span> Electronic device with features of both a smartphone and a tablet

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Microsoft Mobile</span> Finnish mobile phone manufacturer (2014-2017)

Microsoft Mobile Oy was a Finland subsidiary of Microsoft Devices involved in the development and manufacturing of mobile phones. Based in Keilaniemi, Espoo, it was established in 2014 following the acquisition of Nokia's Devices and Services division by Microsoft in a deal valued at €5.4 billion, which was completed in April 2014. Nokia's then-CEO, Stephen Elop, joined Microsoft as president of its Devices division following the acquisition, and the acquisition was part of Steve Ballmer's strategy to turn Microsoft into a "devices and services" company. Under a 10-year licensing agreement, Microsoft Mobile held rights to sell feature phones running the S30/S30+ platform under the Nokia brand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HMD Global</span> Finnish manufacturer of Nokia mobile phones, smartphones and tablets

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References

  1. ↑ Almroth-Wright, Indy (4 March 2024). "School phone ban: Blandford pupils to be offered 'brick phones'". BBC News. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  2. 1 2 Chayka, Kyle (10 April 2024). "The Dumbphone Boom is Real". The New Yorker . Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  3. ↑ Miller, Hugo (11 January 2013). "RIM says 150 carriers keep it from Palm's fate (Toronto)". TheSpec.com. TheSpec.com – Metroland Media Group Ltd. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013.
  4. ↑ Hardy, Ed (25 March 2003). "Study says: smartphones will outsell handhelds this year". Brighthand.com. Brighthand – TechTarget. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 13 February 2021. The European analyst firm Canalys has released a study that predicts shipments of smartphones will exceed those of handhelds in the Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) region for the first time in 2003. It says about 3.3 million smartphones will be sold in the region this year, as opposed to 2.8 million handhelds.
  5. ↑ Fowler, Geoffrey A. (27 April 2016). "It's OK not to use a smartphone". The Wall Street Journal. New York.
  6. ↑ Hirshfeld, Rachel (26 March 2012). "Introducing: a 'kosher phone' permitted on shabbat – the Zomet Institute has released a kosher telephone that can be used on Shabbat without breaking the Jewish laws of the day of rest". www.IsraelNationalNews.com. Israel National News – Arutz Sheva . Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  7. ↑ "Easyload".
  8. ↑ "The iPhone's impact on rivals". Business Week . 16 June 2008. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  9. 1 2 "Why does Symbian collapse?". PixelsTech.net. Pixels Tech. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  10. ↑ "Business: Washington Post business page, business news". WashPost.Bloomberg.com. The Washington Post – Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  11. ↑ Marlow, Iain (27 January 2013). "RIM's long road to reinvent the BlackBerry". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  12. ↑ Jason Perlow (8 November 2009). "In smartphone wars, Darwinism triumphs over intelligent design". www.ZDNet.com. ZDNet.
  13. ↑ Ashraf Eassa (12 February 2013). "Nokia's Lumia strategy will pay off nicely". SeekingAlpha.com. Seeking Alpha.
  14. ↑ Chris Smith (24 December 2012). "Galaxy S4 to spearhead impressive Samsung year, company to sell 390 million smartphones in 2013". www.AndroidAuthority.com. Android Authority. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021.
  15. ↑ Goldman, David (8 February 2012). "Apple's subsidy makes iPhone a nightmare for carriers". Money.CNN.com. CNN Money . Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  16. ↑ "Sprint Nextel: Apple drinks the juice". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. 9 February 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  17. ↑ Gustin, Sam (8 February 2012). "How Apple's iPhone actually hurts AT&T, Verizon and Sprint". Time . Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  18. 1 2 Reisinger, Don (15 August 2013). "Smartphones sales finally overtake feature phones: 10 reasons why". www.eWeek.com. eWeek.
  19. ↑ Hugo Miller (11 January 2013). "RIM says 150 carriers keep it from Palm's fate". TheSpec.com. The Spec. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013.
  20. ↑ Don Kellogg (1 September 2011). "40 percent of U.S. mobile users own smartphones; 40 percent are Android". blog.Nielsen.com. Nielsen Company. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  21. ↑ "Nokia's continued feature phone focus may be one of their smartest moves". www.ZDNet.com. ZDNet. Archived from the original on 2 February 2012.
  22. ↑ Rob van der Meulen & Janessa Rivera (14 August 2013). "Gartner says smartphone sales grew 46.5 percent in second quarter of 2013 and exceeded feature phone sales for first time". www.Gartner.com. Gartner.
  23. ↑ Cyrus Farivar (14 August 2013). "Smartphones outsell feature phones, for the first time". arstechnica.com.
  24. ↑ Oliveira, Michael (1 May 2013). "Smartphones push old flip phones to extinction". GlobalNews.ca. Global News Canada . Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  25. ↑ "Jargon watch". www.Wired.com. Wired. 19 October 2009. Retrieved 24 June 2010. Galápagos syndrome n. The scourge of Japanese mobile companies, whose superadvanced 3G handsets won't work on foreign cell networks. It's named for the birds of the Galápagos, whose specialized beaks don't cut it on the mainland.
  26. ↑ Stewart, Devin (29 April 2010). "Slowing Japan's Galapagos syndrome". www.HuffingtonPost.com. Huffington Post . Retrieved 24 June 2010. 'Galapagos syndrome', a phrase originally coined to describe Japanese cell phones that were so advanced they had little in common with devices used in the rest of the world, could potentially spread to other parts of society. Indeed signs suggest it is happening already.
  27. ↑ Adelstein, Jake (5 March 2015). "In Japan, people are flipping out over the flip-phone (Galapagos phone): what's old is new again". Forbes . Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  28. ↑ Tabuchi, Hiroko (19 July 2009). "Why Japan's smartphones haven't gone global". The New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  29. ↑ Takahashi, Yoshio (17 December 2013). "Japan as Galápagos again – now it's the cars". blogs.WSJ.com. The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  30. ↑ "Japanese mobile market outgrows US three years in a row". www.GamesIndustry.biz. 17 October 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  31. ↑ "Learn about Java Technology". Archived from the original on 8 March 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  32. ↑ "MAUI Runtime Environment".
  33. ↑ "What is MRE?". MRE.MediaTek.com. MediaTek. Archived from the original on 4 November 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
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