Frankenstein (Hammer film series)

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Frankenstein
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Produced by
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Edited by
Music by
Production
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Release date
1957–1974
Running time
634–643 minutes
CountryUnited Kingdom
Language English

Frankenstein is a British horror-adventure film series produced by Hammer Film Productions. The films, loosely based on the 1818 novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus by Mary Shelley, are centered on Baron Victor Frankenstein, who experiments in creating a creature beyond human. The series is part of the larger Hammer horror oeuvre.

Contents

Background

The creatures from the first three films (Christopher Lee, Michael Gwynn and Kiwi Kingston) Hammer's Frankenstein's monsters.png
The creatures from the first three films (Christopher Lee, Michael Gwynn and Kiwi Kingston)

The original series of films consisted of seven instalments, which starred well-known horror actors such as Peter Cushing and Christopher Lee as Baron Victor Frankenstein and his creature respectively.

Producer Max Rosenberg originally approached Michael Carreras at Hammer Films with a deal to produce Frankenstein and the Monster (Rosenberg claims that he came up with the title) from a script by Milton Subotsky. Later, both men were cut out of their profit participation making only a $5000 fee for bringing the production to Hammer. [1] Rosenberg and Subotsky later established Amicus Films, Hammer's main rival in the production of horror films during the 1960s. Screenwriter Jimmy Sangster, who adapted Mary Shelley's novel for Hammer, never mentioned seeing Subotsky's script or being aware of Rosenberg's involvement. Sangster had worked as a production manager and said that he was keenly aware of production costs and kept the budget in mind when writing the script. Sangster said that his awareness of cost influenced him to not write scenes involving the villagers storming the castle that was typically seen in the Universal horror films "because we couldn't afford it". Sangster in an interview with film historian Jonathan Rigby indicated that he hadn't seen any of the Frankenstein films that Universal made. He just adapted the book "the way I saw it". [2]

Peter Cushing, who was then best known for his many high-profile roles in British television, had his first lead part in a film with The Curse of Frankenstein. Meanwhile, Christopher Lee's casting resulted largely from his height (6'5"), though Hammer had earlier considered the even taller (6'7") Bernard Bresslaw for the role. Universal fought hard to prevent Hammer from duplicating aspects of their 1931 film, and so it was down to make-up artist Phil Leakey to design a new look for the creature bearing no resemblance to the Boris Karloff original created by Jack Pierce. Production of The Curse of Frankenstein began, with an investment of £65,000, on 19 November 1956 at Bray Studios with a scene showing Baron Frankenstein cutting down a highwayman from a wayside gibbet. [3] The film opened at the London Pavilion on 2 May 1957 with an X certificate from the censors.

The films

Tales of Frankenstein television pilot

In 1959, Hammer shot a half-hour pilot episode for a television series to be called Tales of Frankenstein , in association with Columbia Pictures, directed by Curt Siodmak. Anton Diffring played the Baron, and Don Megowan his creation. The series was scrapped, largely because of the two companies' disagreement over what the basic thrust of the series would be: Hammer wanted to do a series about Baron Frankenstein involved in various misadventures, while Columbia wanted a series of loosely-connected science fiction loosely based around the idea of science gone wrong. Though unreleased at the time of its production, the episode is available on DVD from several public domain sources. Though the series was never produced, Anthony Hinds commissioned several scripts that provided Hammer with material for their later Frankenstein films, specifically Frankenstein Created Woman and The Evil of Frankenstein . [4] [5]

Cast and characters

List indicator(s)

This section includes characters who will appear or have appeared in the series.

CharacterMain seriesRemake
The Curse of Frankenstein The Revenge of Frankenstein The Evil of Frankenstein Frankenstein Created Woman Frankenstein Must Be Destroyed Frankenstein and the Monster from Hell The Horror of Frankenstein
1957195819641967196919741970
Baron Victor Frankenstein
Doctor Victor Stein / Franck / Carl Victor
Peter Cushing
Melvyn Hayes Y
Peter Cushing Ralph Bates
The Creature
Herr Schneider / The Monster from Hell
Christopher Lee
Jock Easton
Michael Gwynn
Peter Cushing
Kiwi Kingston Susan Denberg Freddie Jones David Prowse
PriestAlex GallierAlex Gallier U James Maxwell Colin Jeavons Chris Lethbridge-Baker
Elizabeth Heiss Hazel Court
Sally Walsh Y
Veronica Carlson
SchoolmasterHenry CaineNeil Wilson
Burgomaster of KarlstaadAndrew Leigh David Hutcheson
Burgomaster's WifeAnn BlakeCaron Gardner
FritzJosef Behrmann Lionel Jeffries
Doctor Hans Kleve Francis Matthews Sandor Elès Robert Morris
Stuart Middleton U Y
Susan Denberg P
Chris Cunningham
Doctor Karl Holst Oscar Quitak
Michael Gwynn
Barry Warren Simon Ward
Professor Durendel
President of the Medical Council
Charles Lloyd-Pack Charles Lloyd-Pack
LandlordAlister Williamson Ivan Beavis Jerold Wells
Chief of Police Duncan Lamont Peter Madden Timothy Davies
Police Sergeant #1Anthony Blackshaw Allan Surtees
Police Sergeant #2David Conville Windsor Davies
Christina Kleve Susan Denberg Elizabeth Morgan
Dr. Paul Krempe Robert Urquhart
Justine Valerie Gaunt
Aunt Sophia Noel Hood
Professor Bernstein Paul Hardtmuth
GrandpaFred Johnson
Little BoyClaude Kingston
WarderMichael Mulcaster
LecturerMiddleton Woods
UncleRaymond Ray
Margaret Eunice Gayson
Bergman John Welsh
Up Patient Richard Wordsworth
Janitor George Woodbridge
Kurt Michael Ripper
Zoltan Peter Woodthorpe
RenaKaty Wild
Drunk Howard Goorney
Doctor Hertz Thorley Walters
Anton Peter Blythe
Johann Derek Fowlds
The Prisoner
Hans' Father
Duncan Lamont
Kleve Alan MacNaughtan
Mayor Philip Ray
Bystander Bartlett Mullins
Spokesman Alec Mango
Anna Spengler Veronica Carlson
Dr. Frederick Brandt George Pravda
Freddie Jones
Professor Richter Freddie Jones
Inspector Frisch Thorley Walters
Ella Brandt Maxine Audley
Police Doctor Geoffrey Bayldon
Madwoman Colette O'Neil
Guest - Plumber Frank Middlemass
Guest - Smoking pipe Norman Shelley
Guest - Reading newspaper Michael Gover
Guest - Playing chessGeorge Belbin
Principal Peter Copley
Dr. HeideckeJim Collier
Dr. Simon Helder Shane Briant
Sarah "Angel" Klauss Madeline Smith
Asylum Director Adolf Klauss John Stratton
Transvest Michael Ward
Wild One Elsie Wagstaff
Police Sergeant Norman Mitchell
Judge Clifford Mollison
Bodysnatcher Patrick Troughton
Ernst Philip Voss
Brassy Girl Andria Lawrence
Old Hag Lucy Griffiths
Tarmut Bernard Lee
Muller Sydney Bromley
GerdaSheila Dunion
TwitchMischa de la Motte
SmilerNorman Atkyns
Letch Victor Woolf
MouseWinifred Sabine
ChatterJanet Hargreaves
Coach Driver Peter Madden
Alys Kate O'Mara
The Graverobber Dennis Price
Lieutenant Henry Becker Jon Finch
Professor Heiss Bernard Archard
Wilhelm KassnerGraham James
Bailiff James Hayter
Graverobber's Wife Joan Rice
StephanStephen Turner
Dean James Cossins
MaggieGlenys O'Brien
Instructor Geoffrey Lumsden
First Bandit Terry Duggan
Baron Frankenstein IGeorge Belbin
WoodsmanHal Jeayes
Woodsman's DaughterCarol Jeayes
Workman Michael Goldie

Crew

Crew/detailMain seriesRemake
The Curse of Frankenstein The Revenge of Frankenstein The Evil of Frankenstein Frankenstein Created Woman Frankenstein Must Be Destroyed Frankenstein and the Monster from Hell The Horror of Frankenstein
1957195819641967196919741970
Director(s) Terence Fisher Freddie Francis Terence Fisher Jimmy Sangster
Producer(s) Anthony Hinds Anthony Nelson Keys Roy Skeggs
Writer(s) Jimmy Sangster Anthony Hinds
(as John Elder)
Bert Batt
Anthony Nelson Keys
Anthony Hinds
(as John Elder)
Jimmy Sangster
Jeremy Burnham
Composer(s) James Bernard Leonard Salzedo Don Banks James Bernard Malcolm Williamson
Editor(s) James Needs Alfred CoxJames NeedsSpencer Reeve Gordon Hales James NeedsChris Barnes
Cinematographer Jack Asher John Wilcox Arthur Grant Brian Probyn Moray Grant
Production companies Hammer Film Productions
Distributor(s) Warner Bros. Columbia Pictures Rank Film Distributors (UK) Warner-Pathé Distributors (UK) AVCO Embassy Pictures (UK) MGM-EMI Distributors (UK)
Universal-International (US & worldwide) 20th Century Fox (US & worldwide) Warner Bros.-Seven Arts (US & worldwide) Paramount Pictures (US) Continental Films (US)
Runtime83 minutes89 minutes84 minutes92 minutes (uncut, US)
86 minutes (cut, UK)
101 minutes (uncut, US)
98 minutes (cut, UK)
99 minutes95 minutes
Release dateMay 2, 1957June 1, 1958April 19, 1964March 15, 1967May 22, 1969May 2, 1974November 8, 1970

Reception

Film Rotten Tomatoes
The Curse of Frankenstein 78% (18 reviews) [6]
The Revenge of Frankenstein 87% (15 reviews) [7]
The Evil of Frankenstein 57% (7 reviews) [8]
Frankenstein Created Woman 67% (12 reviews) [9]
Frankenstein Must Be Destroyed 70% (10 reviews) [10]
The Horror of Frankenstein 55% (11 reviews) [11]
Frankenstein and the Monster from Hell 50% (6 reviews) [12]

Legacy

Hammer's first colour horror film, its worldwide success led to several sequels, the studio's new versions of Dracula (1958) and The Mummy (1959), and established "Hammer Horror" as a new distinctive brand of Gothic cinema. [13] [14]

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Hammer Film Productions Ltd. is a British film production company based in London. Founded in 1934, the company is best known for a series of Gothic horror and fantasy films made from the mid-1950s until the 1970s. Many of these involve classic horror characters such as Baron Victor Frankenstein, Count Dracula, and the Mummy, which Hammer reintroduced to audiences by filming them in vivid colour for the first time. Hammer also produced science fiction, thrillers, film noir and comedies, as well as, in later years, television series.

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<i>The Curse of Frankenstein</i> 1957 horror film by Hammer Film Productions

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Victor Frankenstein</span> Character from Mary Shelleys 1818 novel "Frankenstein"

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<i>Frankenstein Must Be Destroyed</i> 1969 British film

Frankenstein Must Be Destroyed is a 1969 British horror film directed by Terence Fisher for Hammer Films, starring Peter Cushing, Freddie Jones, Veronica Carlson and Simon Ward. The film is the fifth in a series of Hammer films focusing on Baron Frankenstein, who, in this entry, terrorises those around him in a bid to uncover the secrets of a former associate confined to a lunatic asylum.

<i>The Evil of Frankenstein</i> 1964 film

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<i>The Brides of Dracula</i> 1960 film

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<i>Frankenstein Created Woman</i> 1967 British film

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<i>Lady Frankenstein</i> 1971 film

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<i>The Horror of Frankenstein</i> 1970 British film

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<i>Frankenstein and the Monster from Hell</i> 1974 British film

Frankenstein and the Monster From Hell is a 1974 British horror film, directed by Terence Fisher and produced by Hammer Film Productions. It stars Peter Cushing, Shane Briant and David Prowse. Filmed at Elstree Studios in 1972 but not released until 1974, it was the final chapter in the Hammer Frankenstein saga of films as well as director Fisher's last film.

<i>The Revenge of Frankenstein</i> 1958 British film by Terence Fisher

The Revenge of Frankenstein is a 1958 Technicolor British horror film directed by Terence Fisher and starring Peter Cushing, Francis Matthews, Michael Gwynn and Eunice Gayson. Made by Hammer Film Productions, the film was a sequel to The Curse of Frankenstein, the studio's 1957 adaptation of Mary Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, and the second instalment in their Frankenstein series.

<i>Frankenstein</i> in popular culture

Mary Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, and the famous character of Frankenstein's monster, have influenced popular culture for at least a century. The work has inspired numerous films, television programs, video games and derivative works. The character of the Monster remains one of the most recognized icons in horror fiction.

<i>Tales of Frankenstein</i> TV series or program

Tales of Frankenstein is an unsold TV pilot filmed in 1958. It was a co-production of Hammer Film Productions and Columbia Pictures. The film is a mixture of elements from both the Hammer and Universal Pictures versions of Frankenstein, based on Mary Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. The episode title, which does not appear onscreen, is "The Face in the Tombstone Mirror". The film is in the public domain.

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The World of Hammer is a British television documentary series created and written by Robert Sidaway and Ashley Sidaway, and produced by Robert Sidaway.

References

Citations

  1. Interview with Max Rosenberg for the Blu-ray of "Asylum", December 2017
  2. "The British Entertainment History Project - Jimmy Sangster -". historyproject.org.uk.
  3. Rigby, Jonathan (2000). English Gothic: A Century of Horror Cinema. Reynolds & Hearn Ltd. ISBN   1-903111-01-3.
  4. Meikle 2008, p. 58-60.
  5. Meikle 2008, p. 139.
  6. "The Curse of Frankenstein (1957)". Rotten Tomatoes . Fandango Media . Retrieved April 3, 2020.
  7. "The Revenge of Frankenstein (1958)". Rotten Tomatoes . Fandango Media . Retrieved December 8, 2018.
  8. "The Evil of Frankenstein (1964)". Rotten Tomatoes . Fandango Media . Retrieved November 19, 2019.
  9. "Frankenstein Created Woman (1967)". Rotten Tomatoes . Fandango Media . Retrieved November 19, 2019.
  10. "Frankenstein Must Be Destroyed (1969)". Rotten Tomatoes . Fandango Media . Retrieved November 19, 2019.
  11. "The Horror of Frankenstein (1970)". Rotten Tomatoes . Fandango Media . Retrieved November 19, 2019.
  12. "Frankenstein and the Monster from Hell (1974)". Rotten Tomatoes . Fandango Media . Retrieved November 19, 2019.
  13. Sinclair McKay (2007) A Thing of Unspeakable Horror: The History of Hammer Films
  14. "BFI Screenonline: Hammer Film Productions Biography". www.screenonline.org.uk.

Sources