Glasgow, Montana | |
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Coordinates: 48°11′57″N106°37′55″W / 48.19917°N 106.63194°W | |
Country | United States |
State | Montana |
County | Valley |
Founded | 1887 |
Area | |
• Total | 1.40 sq mi (3.63 km2) |
• Land | 1.40 sq mi (3.63 km2) |
• Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
Elevation | 2,113 ft (644 m) |
Population (2020) | |
• Total | 3,202 |
• Density | 2,282.25/sq mi (880.89/km2) |
Time zone | UTC−7 (Mountain) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−6 (Mountain) |
ZIP codes | 59230–59231 [3] |
Area code | 406 |
FIPS code | 30-31075 |
GNIS feature ID | 2410594 [2] |
Website | cityofglasgowmt.com |
Glasgow is a city in and the county seat of Valley County, Montana, United States. The population was 3,202 at the 2020 census. [4]
Despite being just the 23rd most populous city in Montana, Glasgow is the most populous city for over 110 mi (177 km), thus making it an important economic hub for a large region in Eastern Montana. [5] Both Amtrak and the National Weather Service operate facilities in Glasgow that link the city to the surrounding region. [6] [7]
Native Americans inhabited the region for centuries, and extensive buffalo and pronghorn antelope herds provided ample food for the nomadic tribes. The Nakoda, Lakota, and Dakota peoples alternately inhabited and claimed the region from the 16th to the late 19th centuries. In 1804 the Lewis and Clark Expedition came within 15 miles (24 km) of the future site of Glasgow and noted the extensive herds of buffalo and various game. In 1851, the US government formed the first treaty with the Native American tribes, in 1885 the tribes engaged in the last known buffalo hunt in the region.
From 1885 to Montana Statehood in 1889, the tribes participated in agreements with the US government to re-drawing the Fort Peck reservation boundaries in exchange for federal subsidies. [8] As more and more homesteaders moved into the surrounding areas, pressure was placed on Congress to open up the Fort Peck Reservation to homesteading, resulting in tribes leaving the Glasgow area.
Glasgow was founded in 1887 as a railroad town by James Hill, who was responsible for creating many communities along the Hi-Line. He and a local railroader named the town when they spun a globe with a finger landing on Glasgow, Scotland. [9] Glasgow grew during the 1930s when President Franklin D. Roosevelt authorized the construction of the Fort Peck Dam, which became a major source of employment for the Glasgow area. [10]
During World War II, the Glasgow Army Airfield housed the 96th Bombardment Squadron and 614th Bombardment Squadron, flying B-17 Flying Fortresses, at different times during the war. Starting in December 1944, a German POW camp was established at the facility, lasting until the end of the war. After the war ended the base was closed, and part of the facility eventually became the present day Glasgow Valley County Airport. Glasgow was the death place of Lieutenant Colonel Ronald Speirs, famed member of Easy Company, 101st Airborne. [11]
In the 1960s, the population rose to about 6,400 due to the nearby presence of the Glasgow Air Force Base, (SAC air command and housing B-52 bombers) used during the Vietnam War and the earlier part of the Cold War. A significant amount of mid-century modern and Googie-style architecture was built then. After the de-activation and closure of the base in 1969, Glasgow's population declined to about half its one-time size by 1990, when the loss rate stabilized. [12] [13] Glasgow still functions as the major regional administrative, shopping and services hub for Valley County and some of the areas beyond.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.43 square miles (3.7 km2), all land. [14] The town has an elevation of 2,093 feet (638 m). [15] It is nestled in the Milk River Valley with the river itself meandering along to south.
Glasgow is 18 miles (29 km) west of Fort Peck Lake, the fifth largest artificial lake in the United States. The lake is popular for fishing and for recreation. The Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge surrounds the lake providing an opportunity to experience nearly the same surroundings as encountered by the Lewis and Clark Expedition in 1805. [16]
Using data from Oxford University's Big Data Institute, The Washington Post , in 2018, identified Glasgow as "the middle of nowhere" for the contiguous United States. The article stated "Of all towns with more than 1,000 residents, Glasgow ... is farthest –about 4.5 hours in any direction –from any metropolitan area of more than 75,000 people". [17]
Glasgow experiences a continental semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk) with long, dry winters with typically freezing but exceedingly variable temperatures and hot, dry summers. The extreme variability of winter temperatures is due to the large warming produced by chinook winds as air descending from the Rockies is warmed, contrasting with very cold continental air masses typical of inland locations at this latitude. As an illustration, the record cold month of February 1936 averaged −15.8 °F (−26.6 °C), but the two warmest Februaries of 1931 and 1984 averaged above 32 °F or 0 °C and had mean maxima above 43.5 °F or 6.4 °C. Snowfall averages 34.8 inches or 0.88 metres per year. [18] Tornadoes are a rare occurrence. Two F2 tornadoes did, however, hit the Glasgow area on June 25, 1975. [19]
Climate data for Glasgow Valley County Airport, Montana, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 62 (17) | 74 (23) | 81 (27) | 93 (34) | 102 (39) | 110 (43) | 113 (45) | 108 (42) | 103 (39) | 96 (36) | 79 (26) | 69 (21) | 113 (45) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 46.7 (8.2) | 49.1 (9.5) | 65.7 (18.7) | 78.9 (26.1) | 86.5 (30.3) | 93.8 (34.3) | 98.8 (37.1) | 99.3 (37.4) | 92.7 (33.7) | 80.7 (27.1) | 64.3 (17.9) | 48.3 (9.1) | 101.4 (38.6) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 23.5 (−4.7) | 28.0 (−2.2) | 41.8 (5.4) | 56.8 (13.8) | 67.7 (19.8) | 76.3 (24.6) | 85.5 (29.7) | 84.8 (29.3) | 72.9 (22.7) | 56.5 (13.6) | 40.0 (4.4) | 27.2 (−2.7) | 55.1 (12.8) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 14.6 (−9.7) | 18.7 (−7.4) | 31.6 (−0.2) | 44.8 (7.1) | 55.5 (13.1) | 64.5 (18.1) | 72.0 (22.2) | 71.0 (21.7) | 59.9 (15.5) | 45.2 (7.3) | 30.2 (−1.0) | 18.5 (−7.5) | 43.9 (6.6) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 5.8 (−14.6) | 9.4 (−12.6) | 21.4 (−5.9) | 32.8 (0.4) | 43.3 (6.3) | 52.7 (11.5) | 58.5 (14.7) | 57.2 (14.0) | 46.9 (8.3) | 33.8 (1.0) | 20.5 (−6.4) | 9.7 (−12.4) | 32.7 (0.4) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | −22.9 (−30.5) | −14.5 (−25.8) | −4.0 (−20.0) | 16.4 (−8.7) | 28.3 (−2.1) | 41.4 (5.2) | 48.1 (8.9) | 43.6 (6.4) | 30.4 (−0.9) | 15.1 (−9.4) | −2.8 (−19.3) | −16.5 (−26.9) | −27.8 (−33.2) |
Record low °F (°C) | −56 (−49) | −59 (−51) | −45 (−43) | −19 (−28) | 15 (−9) | 24 (−4) | 34 (1) | 28 (−2) | 14 (−10) | −8 (−22) | −41 (−41) | −47 (−44) | −59 (−51) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.44 (11) | 0.35 (8.9) | 0.47 (12) | 1.01 (26) | 2.22 (56) | 2.83 (72) | 1.95 (50) | 1.27 (32) | 1.06 (27) | 0.92 (23) | 0.49 (12) | 0.43 (11) | 13.44 (341) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 9.8 (25) | 6.2 (16) | 5.6 (14) | 2.5 (6.4) | 0.9 (2.3) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 1.5 (3.8) | 5.9 (15) | 8.3 (21) | 40.7 (103) |
Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) | 7.1 (18) | 5.8 (15) | 5.2 (13) | 1.6 (4.1) | 0.2 (0.51) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.9 (2.3) | 3.2 (8.1) | 4.9 (12) | 9.9 (25) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 7.8 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 7.8 | 10.6 | 12.7 | 9.2 | 7.6 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 95.1 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 8.5 | 6.7 | 5.1 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 4.6 | 7.1 | 36.3 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 73.5 | 74.8 | 71.0 | 56.4 | 55.9 | 54.8 | 50.4 | 48.8 | 55.2 | 60.1 | 70.9 | 74.9 | 62.2 |
Average dew point °F (°C) | 4.1 (−15.5) | 10.8 (−11.8) | 20.3 (−6.5) | 27.1 (−2.7) | 37.6 (3.1) | 45.7 (7.6) | 48.6 (9.2) | 46.0 (7.8) | 38.3 (3.5) | 29.7 (−1.3) | 19.4 (−7.0) | 8.4 (−13.1) | 28.0 (−2.2) |
Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity and dew points 1961–1990) [20] [21] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: National Weather Service [22] |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
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Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1910 | 1,158 | — | |
1920 | 2,059 | 77.8% | |
1930 | 2,216 | 7.6% | |
1940 | 3,799 | 71.4% | |
1950 | 3,821 | 0.6% | |
1960 | 6,398 | 67.4% | |
1970 | 4,700 | −26.5% | |
1980 | 4,455 | −5.2% | |
1990 | 3,572 | −19.8% | |
2000 | 3,253 | −8.9% | |
2010 | 3,250 | −0.1% | |
2020 | 3,202 | −1.5% | |
U.S. Decennial Census [12] [4] |
As of the 2010 census, [23] there were 3,250 people, 1,479 households, and 834 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,272.7 inhabitants per square mile (877.5/km2). There were 1,653 housing units at an average density of 1,155.9 per square mile (446.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 91.8% white, .2% African American, 4.5% Native American, .3% Asian, .4% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.8% of the population.
There were 1,479 households, of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.5% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.6% were non-families. 39.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.85.
The median age in the city was 45.6 years. 22.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.3% were from 25 to 44; 28% were from 45 to 64; and 22.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.8% male and 52.2% female.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,504. 14.5% of the population were below the federal poverty line, compared to 15.1% for the USA as a whole.
In May 2012, the major industries present in Glasgow were retail (23% of employment), public administration (16%), construction (14%), and health care and social assistance (7%). Farmers and farm services comprised 4% of employment. As of June 2014 [update] , the unemployment rate was 3.2%. [24]
For Valley County, the median value of owner-occupied housing units was $160,800 from 2017 to 2021. [25]
Glasgow is served by the Glasgow School District [26] with three public schools. For the 2021–2022 school year, 379 students were enrolled in kindergarten through 5th grade at Irle Elementary School. [27] At Glasgow Middle School, for 6th–8th grade, 167 students were enrolled. [28] Glasgow High School had 245 students enrolled. [29] The team name for the school is the Scotties. [30]
From 2017–2022 census data on those 25 years and older in Valley County, 93% had attained high school graduation or higher, 19.1% had a Bachelor's degree or higher. [25]
Glasgow City-County Library serves the area. [31]
As of 2023, the Scotties of Glasgow High School have won 48 Montana state championships. [32] Glasgow High School offered 13 sports in 2023. [32] Since the 1992–93 school year, they have competed as a Class B school, a designation used by the Montana High School Association based on population.
They have won 14 state championships and 33 state trophies in boys wrestling. [33] The Girls Cross Country team has won the state championship 16 times. [34]
The Glasgow Reds baseball team competes in the American Legion Baseball league, played by 13-to-19-year-olds. They finished second at the state championships in 2000 and 2012 and third in 1999, 2013, and 2015.
There were no reports of rape or murder occurring in Glasgow in 2010, compared with one murder the previous year, and 16 incidents of rape from 2003 to 2008. Overall, the crime rate to 2010 appears to be in a general downward trend, and is well below the national average. [24]
A sheriff's detention facility was completed in April 2011 at a cost of $3.16 million. The facility, located downtown, is 10,000 square feet (930 m2) and has 26 beds, replacing the 16 beds of the previous jail. The detention center houses inmates from local police and sheriff, as well as regional inmates for agencies such as the FBI, U.S. Marshals Service and Montana Highway Patrol and has an average of 16 inmates on any given day.[ citation needed ]
Glasgow is on the Hi-Line of the BNSF Railway and is served daily westbound and eastbound by Amtrak's Empire Builder route. [35]
Glasgow is served by Glasgow Valley County Airport and has daily commercial service to Billings. Since 2013, the commercial air service provider is Cape Air.
Glasgow and the greater Valley County region are served by a non-profit taxi/bus service called Valley Country Transit. [36] Bus and/or Van rides are available daily for in-county travel and one-way or two-way trips out of the county. Riders are charged on a per trip basis and must call in a ride. As of 2022, the transportation service, Uber is also now in operation within city limits.
Glasgow is located on U.S. Highway 2, which is a major east-west traffic corridor of the northern Great Plains region. Montana Highway 24 passes nearby the city, a major north-south route connecting southern Montana to Canada. No Interstates run near the region.
Glasgow is part of the Glendive Media Market, as of 2021, the smallest tracked by Neilson serving an estimated 3,900 homes. [37]
Valley County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. Valley County was created in 1893 with area partitioned from Dawson County. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,578. Its county seat is Glasgow. It is located on the Canada–United States border with Saskatchewan.
Roosevelt County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,794. Its county seat is Wolf Point. Roosevelt County was created by the Montana Legislature in 1919 from a portion of Sheridan County. The name honors former president Theodore Roosevelt, who had died earlier that year.
Park County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. At the 2020 census, the population was 17,191. Its county seat is Livingston. A small part of Yellowstone National Park is in the southern part of the county.
Lewis and Clark County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 70,973. Its county seat is Helena, the state capital. The numerical designation for Lewis and Clark County is 5. The county was established on June 2, 1865, as one of the nine original counties of the Territory of Montana named Edgerton County in honor of Sidney Edgerton, first Governor of the Territory of Montana, and was renamed Lewis and Clark County on March 1, 1868, in honor of explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark.
Fort Benton is a city in and the county seat of Chouteau County, Montana, United States. Established in 1846, Fort Benton is the oldest continuously occupied settlement in Montana. Fort Benton was the most upstream navigable port on the Mississippi River System, and is considered "the world’s innermost port".
Kalispell is a city in Montana and the county seat of Flathead County, Montana, United States. The 2020 census put Kalispell's population at 24,558. Among cities in Montana, it is the 8th largest by area, 7th most populous, and 8th fastest growing from 2010 to 2020. In Montana's northwest region, it is the largest city and the commercial center of the Kalispell Micropolitan Statistical Area. The name Kalispell is a Salish word meaning "flat land above the lake".
Whitefish is a city in Flathead County, Montana, United States. According to the 2020 United States Census, there were 7,751 people in the city.
Jordan is a town in and the county seat of Garfield County, Montana, United States. The population was 356 at the 2020 census. It is Garfield County's only incorporated community.
Cut Bank is a city in and the county seat of Glacier County, Montana, United States, located just east of the "cut bank" (gorge) along Cut Bank Creek. The population was 3,056 at the 2020 census, The town began in 1891 with the arrival of the Great Northern Railway.
Havre is the county seat and largest city in Hill County, Montana, United States. Havre is nicknamed the crown jewel of the Hi-Line. It is said to be named after the city of Le Havre in France. As of the 2020 census the population was 9,362.
Chester is a town in and the county seat of Liberty County, Montana, United States. The population was 847 at the time of both the 2010 and 2020 U.S. Census.
Malta is a city in, and the county seat of, Phillips County, Montana, United States, located at the intersection of U.S. Routes 2 and 191. The population was 1,860 at the 2020 census.
Stevensville is a town in Ravalli County, Montana, United States. The population was 2,002 at the 2020 census.
Brockton is a census-designated place and former town in Roosevelt County, Montana, United States. The population was 358 at the 2020 census.
Poplar is a city in Roosevelt County, Montana, United States. The population was 758 at the 2020 census. It is the tribal headquarters for the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, though Wolf Point is the most populous. The reservation is home to both the Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes, two distinct American Indian Nations.
Wolf Point is a city in and the county seat of Roosevelt County, Montana, United States. The population was 2,517 at the 2020 census, down 4% from 2,621 in the 2010 Census. It is the largest community on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation. Wolf Point is the home of the annual Wild Horse Stampede, held every year during the second weekend of July. Wolf Point's Wild Horse Stampede is the oldest rodeo in Montana, and has been called the "Grandaddy of Montana Rodeos".
Fort Peck is a town in Valley County, Montana, United States. The population was 239 at the 2020 census.
Nashua is a town in Valley County, Montana, United States. The population was 301 at the 2020 census.
Opheim is a town in Valley County, Montana, United States. The population was 75 at the 2020 census.
Hinsdale is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Valley County, Montana, United States. The town's population was 217 and the community's population as a whole was 583 as of the 2010 census. The community is located on the Milk River and U.S. Route 2, with Montana Highway 537 headed north out of town and South Bench Road crossing the railroad tracks and running south of town. Hinsdale has a post office with ZIP code 59241.
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has generic name (help)James Hill, president of the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railroad, soon to be the Great Northern, could not wait to share what he had seen with the rest of the world. They spun a globe, a railroad worker's finger landed on Glasgow, Scotland, and the siding was named Glasgow, Montana Territory.
Normal snowfall is 34.8 inches [34 inches or 0.86 metres], but the record was 108.6″ [108.6 inches or 2.76 metres] in 2010–2011.