Gunung Sewu Geopark | |
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Geopark Gunung Sewu | |
Location | Gunung Kidul Regency, Wonogiri Regency, Pacitan Regency, Indonesia |
Nearest city | Yogyakarta, Semarang and Surakarta |
Coordinates | 7°50′51″S110°28′46″E / 7.847530°S 110.479551°E [1] |
Gunung Sewu Geopark or Sewu Mountains (Indonesian : Pegunungan Sewu) is a series of mountains stretching along the southern coast of Gunung Kidul Regency and Wonogiri Regency of Central Java, to Pacitan Regency of East Java in the island of Java, Indonesia. This is a national Geopark, which is also a member of Global Geopark Network (GGN), recognized by UNESCO in 2015. [2]
These mountains are a unique karstic landscape, characterized by the phenomenon being present on the surface (eksokarst) and subsurface (endokarst). Surface phenomena include positive formations such as karst hills totalling ± 40,000 conical hills, negative formation of karstic valleys and karstic lake. The subsurface phenomenon includes karst caves consisting of no less than 119 caves with stalactites and stalagmites, and underground rivers. Because of the uniqueness of its ecosystem, the 1993 International Union of Speleology proposed the Karst Area of the Sewu Mountains to be classed as a natural world heritage site. In the caves are also found human fossils from the early stone age about 1.8 million years old, along with stone tools for hunting. [3] Sewu mountains were formed with the lifting of the seabed thousands of years ago. Limestone rocks are characteristic of these mountains. The limestone hills are reported to contain hundreds of caves. These are classified locally as vertical caves (known as luweng in Javanese) and horizontal caves. Jomblang cave(id) (Luweng Jomblang) and Grubug Cave (Luwung Grubug), located in the Semanu subdistrict in Gunungkidul, as well as other caves in the area, are well-known to local caver (speleological) groups. Some of the caves are quite long; Cerme cave, for example, has an entrance in Bantul Regency and stretches for quite a distance eastward into Panggang subdistrict in Gunung Kidul Regency. [4]
The Geopark has many caves, some of which have underground rivers. [5] where tubing activities can be carried on. [6]
Nglanggeran primeval volcano in the Patuk area is only 600 meters high but there are excellent views from the peak to the north towards Mount Merapi and to the south across to the coast of Java. Scattered giant granite and andesite rock formations called "watu wayang" (puppet rocks) are found at the Mt Nglanggeran(id) area as well as a nearby man-made lake. It takes around 3 hours to hike from the Pendopo Kali Song entrance point to the peak. [7]
Siung Beach Bay is about 300 meters length, but swimming is prohibited because of dangerous rocks and severe waves. The cliff surrounding the beach is suitable for rock climbing, with over 200 tracks. [8]
200 meters east of Siung Beach there is a 10-meter Jogan tiered fall in Tepus district which is 70 kilometers from Yogyakarta (2 hours drive). Rainy season is the best time to see the Jogan tiered fall, because in dry season the water level is low. [9]
Belitung is an island on the east coast of Sumatra, Indonesia in the Java Sea. It covers 4,800.6 km2 (1,853.5 sq mi), and had a population of 309,097 at the 2020 Census. Administratively, it forms two regencies within the province of Bangka-Belitung Islands. The island is known for its pepper and for its tin. It was in the possession of the United Kingdom from 1812 until Britain ceded control of the island to the Netherlands in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824. Its main town is Tanjung Pandan. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization has declared 17 tourist attractions in the Belitung Geopark as world geoparks.
Garut Regency is a Regency in the West Java province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 3,065.19 km2 (1,186.91 mi2). Geographically, it lies between 6°57′34″ – 7°44′57″ South latitude and 107°24′34″ – 108°7′34″ East longitude. The population at the 2010 census was 2,404,121, and at the 2020 census was 2,585,607; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 2,627,220. South Tarogong is the regency seat.
The Ijen volcano complex is a group of composite volcanoes located on the border between Banyuwangi Regency and Bondowoso Regency of East Java, Indonesia. It is known for its blue fire, acidic crater lake, and labour-intensive sulfur mining.
Pacitan Regency is a regency located in the southwestern corner of East Java Province, with Central Java Province on its western border. Located between 7.55° - 8.17°S and 110.55° - 111.25°E. The borders of Pacitan Regency are with Wonogiri Regency in the west and north, Ponorogo Regency and Trenggalek Regency in the east, and the Indian Ocean in the south. It covers an area of 1,389.87 km2 and had a population of 540,881 at the 2010 census and 586,110 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 592,916. The capital of Pacitan Regency is the town of Pacitan. The majority of citizens in Pacitan speak Javanese as their first language, while speaking Indonesian as a second language.
Bantul is a regency located in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is located on the island of Java. The regency's population was 911,503 at the 2010 Census, but has risen to 985,770 at the 2020 Census and to 1,013,170 at the official estimates for mid 2022 - comprising 504,133 males and 509,037 females. Like many regencies on the island of Java, it is densely populated with roughly 1,999 people per square kilometre in 2022, although this is largely because the north of the regency partly surrounds the city of Yogyakarta and contains many suburban communities, notably in the densely-populated districts of Banguntapan, Sewon and Kasihan.
Wonogiri Regency is a regency in the southeastern part of Central Java province in Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,904.32 km2, and its population was 928,904 at the 2010 Census and 1,043,177 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 1,057,087. The capital and largest town is Wonogiri, around 33 km southeast of the large Central Java metropolis of Surakarta.
Trenggalek Regency is a regency (kabupaten) in East Java, Indonesia.
Sukabumi Regency is a regency (kabupaten) in southwestern Java, as part of West Java province of Indonesia. The regency seat is located in Palabuhan Ratu, a coastal district facing the Indian Ocean. The regency fully encircles the administratively separated city of Sukabumi. Covering an area of 4,145.70 km2, the regency is the largest regency in West Java and the second largest regency on Java after the Banyuwangi Regency in East Java. The regency had a population of 2,341,409 at the 2010 census and 2,725,450 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 2,806,664, with a large part of it living in the northeastern part of the regency that encircles Sukabumi City, south of Mount Gede. A plan to create a new regency, the North Sukabumi Regency is currently waiting for the approval of the central government.
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Gunungkidul is a regency area located in the Special Province of the Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The capital city is Wonosari City. The name "Gunungkidul" comes from the Javanese language, whose area is located in the Thousand Mountains range of Java Land South side, Special Province Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.
Palabuhanratu or Pelabuhan Ratu is a district and fishing town which serves as the regency seat of Sukabumi Regency. It is at the southwest coast of Palabuhanratu Bay, West Java facing the Indian Ocean. It is a four-hour drive from Bandung and up to a 12-hour drive from Indonesia's capital Jakarta due to traffic jams in Ciawi, Cicurug, Cibadak and Pelabuhan Ratu gate, whose residents love to visit the bay 'Teluk Palabuhanratu', once named 'Wijnkoopersbaai' by the Dutch. The bay is shaped like a horseshoe and has enormous waves that can be very treacherous. The Sundanese locals say that the Indian Ocean is the home of Nyai Loro Kidul who reigns along the southern coast of Java.
Gunung Sewu is the name for the karst region of southern central Java that lies to the south east of Yogyakarta, south of Surakarta, and is considered a very dry and poor socio-economical region in Java. It has poor rainfall compared to the volcanic mountain areas to the north and east. Administratively most of the region is part of Gunung Kidul Regency, within the Yogyakarta province besides Wonogiri Regency and Pacitan Regency. In 1993, the world speleologs proposed Sewu Mountains Karst Area as a world heritage. And on December 6, 2004 Sewu Mountains and South Gombong have been announced as eco-karst.
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