During the second Donald Trump presidential administration, ongoing impersonations of United States immigration officials have become a chronic crime problem across the United States. [1] President Donald Trump prioritized large-scale deportation of immigrant populations through United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). [1] This includes mandatory quotas for Federal law enforcement and state security forces in the U.S. to capture and detain at least 3,000 people per day. [2]
The administration's reliance on raids often carried out by agents in plainclothes, operating from unmarked vehicles and without visible warrants, blurred the line between legitimate and fraudulent immigration enforcement. Critics, including members of the United States Congress, argued that ICE's use of masks, plain clothes, and unmarked vehicles without visible identification made it difficult to distinguish between real and fake immigration agents, "inviting perpetrators ... to take advantage of the chaos by impersonating masked ICE agents in order to target and sexually assault women." [3] Reported impersonators in several states have threatened deportation while committing robberies, kidnappings, and sexual assaults against women in immigrant communities. [3] Documented incidents occurred in multiple states, including California, Florida, Maryland, New York City, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Washington, D.C., with perpetrators attempting crimes in person as well as through telephone, text, and online scams.
The Attorney General of California, Rob Bonta, described such impersonations as "bad actors capitalizing on fear," [4] while advocacy groups linked the phenomenon to ICE's own controversial operational practices and to broader hostility toward right-wing politics in the United States. [1] National and local media connected impersonator attacks to violent incidents such as the 2025 shootings of Minnesota legislators. [1] Women's organizations argued that ICE's concealment of officer identities exacerbated risks of sexual abuse. [3]
In response, members of the United States Congress introduced legislation such as the proposed "No Masks for ICE Act," which would prohibit agents from covering their faces during enforcement actions and require visible display of names and agency affiliation. [5] Although impersonating a federal officer is already a crime, the persistence and geographic spread of ICE imposters has drawn scrutiny from civil rights advocates, immigrant groups, and state officials, who describe the issue as a chronic public-safety crisis. Both local and state governments across the United States began to challenge Trump-supported anonymity of government agents in response, raising questions of states' rights against Federal law enforcement in the United States. [6] [7] [8] [9]
During the Second Trump administration, chronic reports described individuals impersonating United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents in order to prey on immigrant communities. [1] A CNN report in February 2025 documented several arrests of individuals impersonating ICE agents during a nationwide immigration crackdown. [11]
According to New York Magazine, President Trump deployed the National Guard and the United States Marine Corps to support federal immigration raids, with military forces "running interference" for ICE operations. [2] In May 2025, the Trump administration set a daily quota of about 3,000 immigration arrests, representing a sharp increase from earlier levels. [12] [2]
Dozens of members of the United States Congress signed a letter to the United States Department of Homeland Security expressing concern about ICE officers' tactics and about impersonators targeting women. [3] The proposed "No Masks for ICE Act," introduced in July 2025, sought to prohibit federal immigration agents from covering their faces and to require visible identification, reflecting the absence of such statutory requirements at the time. [5]
The volume and frequency of ICE impersonations to commit unlawful actions has been described as chronic. [1] ICE impersonators have been arrested for those actions in multiple U.S. states. [11] Rob Bonta, the Attorney General of California, confirmed reports of growing numbers of ICE personators. [13] Bonta stated that "bad actors" had begun to "capitalizing on the fear" raised among minorities by the Trump administration. [4] Incidents of ICE imposters included kidnappings, robberies, fraud, and sexual assault. [14] ICE has been extensively criticized for their ongoing failures to identify themselves in their anti-immigration operations under the Trump administration. [3] The Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues identified the masking of ICE agents as contributing to imposters and increasing exposure of women, especially immigrants, to risk of sexual assault. [3] Arick Fudali of The Bloom Firm noted that the simplicity of ICE agents actual uniforms, masks, and procedures made it simple for imposters to impersonate them and use the fear and intimidation inherent in ICE interactions toward victims. [3]
The impersonation of ICE agents to commit crimes and harass persons has been linked in news media to the 2025 shootings of Minnesota legislators, where a gunman masked as law enforcement murdered several Democratic Party elected officials, family and pets. [1] Minnesota law enforcement also compared the murders to ICE anonymity. [2] Minnesota Department of Public Safety commissioner Bob Jacobson said the "assassin" "had exploited the trust our uniforms are meant to represent." [2] Media also compared it to the attempted attacks on lawful protestors by a masked individual at a No Kings protests event. [1] It was reported that attempting to impersonate or assist ICE and immigration actions leads to societal hostility toward right-wing politics and beliefs, such as those advanced by the Republican Party. [1] New York Magazine asserted that the ICE impersonators took advantage of the promotion of right-wing vigilante violence by the Trumpist movement and administration. [2]
At the Conservative Political Action Conference in 2025, Jason Selvig of the political comedy group The Good Liars interviewed an attendee in an "ICE" outfit with a Make America Great Again red hat. [1] The individual celebrated the ability to instill fear into Hispanic-American populations by wearing the outfit to "a Home Depot in a sanctuary city." [1] Ms. Magazine reported that "[r]ight-wing extremists have also been wearing ICE costumes in predominantly Latino workplaces and neighborhoods, including in San Francisco, California, to instill fear across immigrant communities." [15]
The American Prospect noted that ICE's predominant usage of masks to hide the identities of their agents has made it easier for imposters to pose as ICE. [1] The Refugee and Immigrant Center for Education and Legal Services noted it was challenging to identify how rampant historical under-reporting of interactions with law enforcement in the United States is. [1] The Charleston Hispanic Association reported to CNN that such harassment of Hispanic-Americans had now become commonplace, but was not often reported or recorded. [11] In response to the continued presence of masked ICE agents and masked ICE imposters, California and other states began taking and developing legal responses to the epidemics of both, to attempt passage of laws restricting usage of masks for law enforcement. [16] Criminals pretending to be ICE were noted to have attempted to commit crimes by "phone, text, email or on social media." [4]
Fudali added, "(To migrants), it doesn't sound out of the ordinary for someone like that to wield their power to exploit and sexually abuse someone. And what are (the women) going to do?" [3] Impersonating a Federal officer is a crime. [4] Kristi Noem, the current United States Secretary of Homeland Security, has defended the ability of ICE agents to keep their identities secret, weighing their safety over that of the public. [3] ICE leadership has stated they believe agents need to be anonymous to be safe from public oversight and repercussions. [2] California State Senator Scott Wiener compared the situation to "secret police". [17] An ICE official confirmed they are seen as "imperial thugs" due to their secret anonymity. [18] The ICE official stated at the Alabama Sheriffs Association's summer conference they must remain secret for their own safety, saying, "People get followed around. Now your kid cannot sit at the lunch table with other kids at school because of what I do for my job, which I think is very valuable." [18]
Following the arrest of a man impersonating ICE to commit crimes in Huntington Park, California, the city government required all city police to engage and force identification of any Federal law enforcement seen to be operating within the city. [6]
Police in Spokane, Washington under chief Kevin Hall issued new policies for city police to verify detected Federal law enforcement due to local threats of ICE impersonators. [7]
Sasha Renée Pérez of the California State Senate introduced the No Vigilantes Act. [9] SB 805, if passed, would mandate any Federal law enforcement acting in California would be required to provide "last name, badge or an I.D. number" upon demand. [9] Pérez was quoted asking, "How am I supposed to be able to tell if this is actually federal law enforcement or if this is a vigilante who's impersonating an ICE officer?" [9] On the matter of doxing allegations of Federal law enforcement, Pérez noted that California state, county and local law have had matching requirements for years without issue. [9]
In Massachusetts, a bipartisan group of state lawmakers identified ICE impersonators and masked or anonymous law enforcement as a danger to state residents. [8] In response, led by Bruce Tarr, the Republican leader of the Massachusetts Senate, state senators filed a bill to modify state law, closing a loophole that only criminalized impersonating local, county or state level law enforcement in the state. [8] Under the changes, it will be a state crime in Massachusetts to impersonate Federal officials. [8]
In response to various incidents, Congresswoman Nydia Velázquez, a Democrat from New York, introduced the "No Masks for ICE Act" that would "make it illegal for federal agents to cover their faces while conducting immigration enforcement unless the masks were required for their safety or their health" and would require "agents to clearly display their name and agency affiliation on their clothes during arrests and enforcement operations". [5] The bill was co-sponsored by representative Laura Friedman but has no Republican co-sponsors. [5]
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States government .
Over the past few months, there have been chronic reports of individuals posing as Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officials, in many cases using these guises to commit unlawful acts. Impersonation of law enforcement is not an uncommon occurrence in the United States, but the Trump administration's aggressive immigration policies, and the particular ways in which ICE enjoys anonymity, have led to increased opportunities for such behavior, endangering and exploiting immigrants and their communities, regardless of their status.
Since President Trump reassumed office, the United States has been subjected to a dramatic spike in law enforcement, with often brutal ramifications. With a new daily quota of 3,000 arrests, federal immigration authorities have called on a range of local police agencies to help round up immigrants and dissidents while Trump has deployed the National Guard and the Marines to run interference for the Feds during raids — an unprecedented blitz that spans big cities, small towns, and rural farmlands. This immigration dragnet will only get wider after Congress passed a megabill this month that will triple ICE's budget by 2028, likely making domestic immigration enforcement more expensive than funding the Marine Corps.
'All our lives, we are taught to fear masked men in unmarked vehicles,' the letter stated. 'We learn we should run from such men to avoid being kidnapped, sexually assaulted, or killed. Yet, ICE is increasingly conducting raids and arrests in masks, plain clothes, without visible identification or badges, using unmarked vehicles – tactics that cause confusion, terror, and mistrust among the public.'
Yet some lawmakers and different law enforcement agencies have expressed opposition towards requiring federal ICE agents to identify themselves, citing concerns of doxing, retaliation or harassment. 'I actually completely disagree with that statement,' said Pérez. 'I see for myself that our local law enforcement agents have been operating this way for years. Whether you look at our local police officers, whether you look at sheriffs, they all provide some sort of identification, some sort of verification. This is basic accountability. This is basic law and order. And I think in so many ways, this makes all of us safer.'
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Secretary Kristi Noem participates in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO) in Los Angeles, California, June 12, 2025. (DHS photo by Tia Dufour)
'That impassions people,' he said. 'They want to act because they feel there is an injustice. People get followed around. Now your kid cannot sit at the lunch table with other kids at school because of what I do for my job, which I think is very valuable.'