Iris darwasica

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Iris darwasica
Iris darwasica.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Iris
Section: Iris sect. Regelia
Species:
I. darwasica
Binomial name
Iris darwasica
Synonyms [1]
  • Iris suworowii Regel

Iris darwasica is a plant species from Tajikistan and northern Afghanistan in the genus Iris . It is also in the subgenus Iris , and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial. It has long and thin glaucous to grey-green leaves, slender stem and greenish cream or greenish yellow, to dark purple or lilac flowers.

Contents

Description

It can be separated in form from Iris korolkowii (another Regelia iris) by the flowers having rounded ends to the longer falls and standards and it also has wider leaves. [2]

It has a short and slender rhizome. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] The top of the rhizome has the fibrous remains of last seasons leaves. [2] [5] It has a creeping habit, [3] [5] [6] which can form large clumps of plants. [2]

It has glaucous, [3] or bluish green, [4] or grey-green leaves, [7] that are generally linear or ensiform (sword shaped). [2] [5] [6] [7] Although the outer leaves can be falcate (sickle-shaped). [2] [3] They can grow up to between 15 and 40 cm (6 and 16 in) long, [4] and between 0.4 and 1 cm wide. [2] [3] [5] [6] [7] The foliage dies back after flowering and becomes dormant during the summer. [4] [8]

It has a slender stem, that can grow up to between 15 and 40 cm (6 and 16 in) tall. [2] [3] [5] [6] [9] [10] [11]

The stems hold 2 to 3 terminal (top of stem) flowers. [2] [4] [6] [9] [10]

The stems also have 2 or 3 spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which are keeled, [2] green, oblong or lanceolate (shaped) and 6.3 cm (2 in) long. [3] [5]

The fragrant, [4] flowers bloom in spring, [7] between April and May (in Europe and the UK), [2] [4] but in June (in Russia). [5] and are 5–6 cm (2–2 in) in diameter, [2] [4] [7] they come in shades of greenish cream, [4] [8] [9] [11] or greenish yellow, [2] [3] [5] [6] to dark purple, [4] or lilac. [3] [7] [11]

Iris darwasica is the first of the Regelia section irises to flower. [9]

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'. [12] The obovate or linear, [5] falls are 7 cm (3 in) long and 2.7 cm wide, [2] they are veined with purple, [3] [7] [8] [11] or raspberry red, [5] [6] or brown-red. [2] [9] In the centre, it has a purple, [4] [8] or bluish beard. [3] [5] [9] [10] The standards are similar in size and shape to the falls. [2] [5] [6] they also have a dark beards. [2]

It has a green, cylindrical perianth tube, which is as long as the ovary. [3] [5]

It also has a yellowish green style, which has small narrow, crests [2] and is 2.3 cm long. [3]

It has linear anthers which are 1.27 cm (half an inch) long. [3]

After the iris has flowered, it produces a seed capsule and seeds which have not yet been described.

Biochemistry

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. [12] It has a chromosome count: 2n=22. [4] [8] [11]

Taxonomy

It is sometimes known as the Darwas Iris, [3] or Davraz Iris, [13] or 'Darvas Iris', [14] It is known as 'Iris Darvasky' in Russia. [15]

The Latin specific epithet darwasica refers to Darvaz mountains (between Tajikistan and Afghanistan), where the iris is found. [2] [9]

It was first published and described by Eduard August von Regel in 'Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada' Vol.8 Issue 679 in 1884. [3] [5] [16] [17]

It was described from specimens found in Turkestan, [3] on 'Mount Ala-kisryak', east of the Lulyab mountains. [5]

Iris Suworowi was also published and described by Regel in ' Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada Vol.9 page619 in 1886. [3] [5] [18] This was later re-classified as a synonym of Iris darwasica. [1]

It was once thought that Iris lineata , was a form of Iris darwasica. [3] [4]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 2 October 2014. [17]

Iris darwasica is an accepted name by the RHS. [19]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to temperate central Asia. [5] [17] [19]

Range

It is found in the former region of USSR, [2] [7] [8] [11] (of Turkestan), [9] [10] now known as Tajikistan, and also in northern Afghanistan. [2] [4] [5] [6] [8] [11] [17]

Habitat

It grows on the sunny, rocky, open mountain slopes. [2] [4] [8]

They can be found at altitudes of between 700 to 1,200 m (2,300 to 3,900 ft) and 2,000 to 2,600 m (6,600 to 8,500 ft) above sea level. [2] [14]

Conservation

It is listed as 'endangered', [8] in the 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. [20] [21] It is still listed on the current Red List. [22]

In 2012, it was listed as 'Davraz iris' in the Red Data book of Tajikistan, [13] [23] as a 'declining' species. [14]

It is endangered due to the effects of collecting flowers and economic activity in Tajikistan. [21]

It has been found within the 'Childukhtaron Nature Reserve' in the Darvaz Mountains, the reserve is 270 km south east of Dushanbe,(the capital city of Tajikistan). [13]

Cultivation

It is hardy to European Zone H3, [7] between USDA Zone 5 and Zone 6. [24] Within the UK, it may be possible to grow the iris within a plant frame. [2]

It prefers to grow in well drained, sunny situations. [24]

It is best planted in October. [9]

It is rare and been in cultivation. [2] [8]

A specimen was tested for hardiness at Leningrad Botanical Garden in Russia. [5]

Culture

On 3 April 1998, a postage stamp of Tajikistan was issued with an illustration of the iris. [25] It was part of a series of 4 plant illustrations. [26]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Iris kolpakowskiana</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Iris rosenbachiana</i> Species of plant

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<i>Iris tubergeniana</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Iris humilis</i> Species of plant

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Iris heweri is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Afghanistan. It has tall, green curved leaves, tall slender stems and purple blue or violet-blue flowers, with white and purple or lilac beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris hoogiana</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris hoogiana is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the grassy mountainsides of Turkestan. It has long green leaves, which are slightly purple at the base, and a long slender flowering stem. The flowers are blue, ranging from sky-blue to lavender blue and blue purple. It has orange or yellow beards. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris korolkowii</i> Species of plant

Iris korolkowii is a plant species in the genus Iris. It is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Tien Shan, Pamir and Altai, in Afghanistan and Turkestan. It is commonly known as the Redvein Iris. It has long, sword-shaped grey-green leaves, slender stem, and 2 to 3 white, cream, pale green or light purple flowers which are veined with maroon, chocolate brown or dark purple. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris kuschkensis is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Afghanistan. It has blue brown, or purple to purple bronze flowers, with a pale purple beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

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<i>Iris stolonifera</i> Species of plant

Iris stolonifera is a plant species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Iris, and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Turkestan, between Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Afghanistan. It has red-skinned stolon roots and rhizomes, glaucous, long, blue-grey leaves, and bi-coloured flowers, in various shades from milky white, to blue, purple, pale lilac, lavender and brown. It normally has blue to yellow beards on all the petals.

Iris schachtii is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from central Anatolia, in Turkey. It has small, thin grey-green leaves, a short stem with 1–3 branches, which are normally, covered with a green leaf with purple staining. It has 2 or more fragrant flowers in late spring, which come in shades of yellow or purple, or violet and yellow,. It has a yellow or white with yellow-tips beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, but prefers regions with dry, hot summers.

<i>Iris acutiloba</i> Species of plant

Iris acutiloba is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of the Caucasus and found in Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Dagestan in the North Caucasus, and Iran. It is a dwarf species, with narrow, falcate or curved leaves, it has one flower in spring or early summer, that comes in shades from cream, creamy white, whitish, pale brown, light grey, to pale violet. It is heavily veined or streaked and pointed, with 2 dark spots and brown, purple, dark purple, or black short beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. There are two subspecies, Iris acutiloba subsp. lineolata and Iris acutiloba subsp. longitepala.

Iris assadiana is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the deserts of Syria. It has small rhizomes, grey-green strongly curved leaves, slender stems, scented flowers in April, in shades of maroon, purple, deep purple or black. They have dark veining and it also has yellow/white beard tipped with purple. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris atrofusca</i> Species of plant

Iris atrofusca is a species in the genus Iris, where it is placed in the subgenus Iris and the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial from the deserts of Israel/Palestine and Jordan. The species has long falcate (sickle-shaped) or ensiform (sword-shaped) leaves, a long thick stem and large fragrant flowers that come in shades of purple brown, reddish-black, black-brown, dark brown, dark lilac or dark purple. The flowers also have a black or brownish-black signal patch and a thick beard that is brown-black, light brown or yellow tipped with brown. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris bismarckiana</i> Species of plant

Iris bismarckiana, the Nazareth iris, is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountainsides of Israel, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria. It has stoloniferous, spreading rhizomes, long, sword shaped, bright green leaves, long slender stem and 1 flower in Spring. The large flower is pale yellow, creamy-white, or white background. Which is covered with reddish-brown, maroon brown, purple-brown, purple, blue-purple, or blue veins, markings or spots. It has a dark signal patch and dark purple to black beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, as it needs very dry conditions during the summer.

References

  1. 1 2 "Iris darwasica Regel is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation , p. 92, at Google Books
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Pries, Bob (2 January 2015). "(SPEC) Iris darwasica Regel". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "Chapitre I (partie 8) Les Regelia". irisbotanique.over-blog.com. Archived from the original on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Komarov, V.L. (1935). "Akademiya Nauk SSSR (FLORA of the U.S.S.R.) Vol. IV" . Retrieved 9 October 2014.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Iris darwasica". plantae.se. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification (2011) , p. 343, at Google Books
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Dominguez, Rafa Diez (27 April 2006). "Iris darwasica". signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Dykes, William (2009). "Handbook of Garden Irises" (PDF). beardlessiris.org (The Group for Beardless Irises). Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Cassidy, George E.; Linnegar, Sidney (1987). Growing Irises (Revised ed.). Bromley: Christopher Helm. p. 124. ISBN   0-88192-089-4.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  12. 1 2 Austin, Claire (2005). Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia. Timber Press. ISBN   0881927309.
  13. 1 2 3 Tom, Suzanne (April 2012). "Conservation News, First survey of threatened trees in Childukhtaron Sanctuary, Tajikistan". Oryx. 46 (2). Fauna & Flora International: 169. doi: 10.1017/S0030605312000415 .
  14. 1 2 3 Idrisova, Anastasiya (2010). "Climate change impact on biodiversity and its implications for protected areas management: Case study of Dashtidjum Zakaznik, Tajikistan. Master of Science thesis, Central European University, Budapest" (PDF). etd.ceu.hu. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  15. ↑ "Iris darwasica Regel". plantarium.ru. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
  16. ↑ "Iridaceae Iris darwasica Regel". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 21 May 2015.
  17. 1 2 3 4 "Iris darwasica". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 21 May 2015.
  18. ↑ "Iris suworowii Regel is a synonym of Iris darwasica Regel". theplantlist.org. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  19. 1 2 "Iris darwasica". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  20. ↑ Kerry Scott Walter, Harriet J. Gillett and World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants , p. 679, at Google Books
  21. 1 2 N. Kharin Vegetation Degradation in Central Asia under the Impact of Human Activities , p. 98, at Google Books
  22. ↑ Glavcheva, Valentina. "Action Plan On Conservation And Sustainable Use Of Biodiversity" (PDF). cdb.int. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  23. ↑ Rahmonov, Oimahmad; Michalski, Grzegorz; Rzętała, Mariusz (2003). "Geographical Information Systems – Interdisciplinary Aspects University of Silesia – GIS Forum – SILGIS Association, Sosnowiec" (PDF). gis.us.edu.pl. Retrieved 30 May 2015.[ permanent dead link ]
  24. 1 2 "Russian Ornamental". efloras.org (Ornamental Plants from Russia). Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  25. ↑ "Iris darwasica flowers of Taxhikistan". colnect.com. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  26. ↑ "1998, Flowers 4v". postbeeld.com. Retrieved 18 May 2015.

Sources

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