This is a list of Eurosceptic political parties in Europe. This list includes both active and defunct political parties, as well as both soft and hard Eurosceptic parties.
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Adequate Party | Armenian : Ադեկվադ, romanized: Adekvad | |
Constitutional Rights Union | Armenian : Սահմանադրական իրավունքների միություն, romanized: Sahmanadrakan iravunk’neri miut’yun | [1] |
Hayazn | Armenian : Հայազն | |
Prosperous Armenia Party | Armenian : Բարգավաճ Հայաստան կուսակցություն, romanized: Bargavatch Hayastan kusaktsut’yun | |
United Communist Party of Armenia | Armenian : Հայաստանի Միավորված Կոմունիստական Կուսակցության, romanized: Hayastani Miatsial Komunistakan Kusaktsutyun |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Alliance for the Future of Austria | Bündnis Zukunft Österreich | |
EU Exit Party for Austria | German : EU-Austrittspartei für Österreich | |
Free Party Salzburg | German : Freie Partei Salzburg | |
Freedom Party of Austria | German : Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs | [2] |
International Socialist Alternative | German : Internationale Sozialistische Alternative | |
KPÖ Plus | ||
Party of Labour of Austria | German : Partei der Arbeit Österreichs | |
Team HC Strache – Alliance for Austria | German : Team HC Strache – Allianz für Österreich | |
Team Stronach for Austria | German : Team Stronach für Österreich | [3] [4] |
The Reform Conservatives | German : Die Reformkonservativen |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
New Azerbaijan Party | Azerbaijani : Yeni Azərbaycan Partiyası |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Belarusian Agrarian Party | Russian : Белорусская аграрная партия, romanized: Belorusskaya grarnaya partiya, Belarusian : Беларуская аграрная партыя, romanized: Bielaruskaja ahrarnaja partyja |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Flemish Interest | Dutch : Vlaams Belang | [5] |
Liberal Democrats | French : Libéraux Démocrates | |
Libertarian, Direct, Democratic | Dutch : Libertair, Direct, Democratisch | [6] |
Nation | ||
People's Party | Dutch : Volkspartij, French : Parti Populaire | [7] |
Vivant | [8] | |
Workers' Party of Belgium | Dutch : Partij van de Arbeid van België, French : Parti du Travail de Belgique |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Bosnian Movement of National Pride | Bosnian : Bosanski Pokret Nacionalnog Ponosa | |
Socialist Party | Serbo-Croatian : Социјалистичка Партија, romanized: Socijalistička Partija | [9] |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Attack | Bulgarian : Атака, romanized: Ataka | |
Bulgarian Patriots | Bulgarian : Българските патриоти, romanized: Bŭlgarskite patrioti | |
Bulgarian Rise | Bulgarian : Български възход, romanized: Balgarski vazhod | |
IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement | Bulgarian : ВМРО – Българско Национално Движение | [10] |
National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria | Bulgarian : Национален фронт за спасение на България, romanized: Natsionalen front za spasenie na Bŭlgariya | |
Party of the Bulgarian Communists | Bulgarian : Партия на Българските комунисти, romanized: Partiya na Bulgarskite komunisti | |
Patriotic Front | Bulgarian : Патриотичен фронт | |
People for Real, Open and United Democracy | Bulgarian : Гражданско обединение за реална демокрация | |
Revival | Bulgarian : Възраждане | [11] |
Union of Communists in Bulgaria | Bulgarian : Съюз на комунистите в България, romanized: Sayuz na komunistite v Balgariya |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Bloc for Croatia | Croatian : Blok za Hrvatsku | |
Croatian Liberation Movement | Croatian : Hrvatski Oslobodilački Pokret | |
Croatian Party of Rights — Dr. Ante Starčević | Croatian : Hrvatska Stranka Prava — Dr. Ante Starčević | |
Croatian Sovereignists | Croatian : Hrvatski Suverenisti | |
Homeland Movement | Croatian : Domovinski Pokret | [12] [13] |
Red Action | Croatian : Crvena Akcija | |
Law and Justice | Croatian : Pravo i Pravda | [14] [15] |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Alliance of National Forces | Czech : Aliance Národních Sil | |
Civic Conservative Party | Czech : Občanská Konzervativní Strana | |
Civic Democratic Party | Czech : Občanská Demokratická Strana | |
Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia | Czech : Komunistická Strana Čech a Moravy | |
Conservative Party | Czech : Konzervativní Strana | |
Czech National Socialist Party | Czech : Česká Strana Národně Socialistická | |
Czech Sovereignty | Czech : Česká Suverenita | |
Dawn – National Coalition | Czech : Úsvit – Národní Koalice | [16] |
Democratic Party of Greens | Czech : Democratická Strana Zelených | |
Freedom and Direct Democracy | Czech : Svoboda a Přímá Demokracie | [17] [18] |
Freeholder Party of the Czech Republic | Czech : Strana Soukromníků České Republiky | |
Head Up – Electoral Bloc | Czech : Hlavu Vzhůru – Volební Blok | |
Independence Party of the Czech Republic | Czech : Strana Nezávislosti České Republiky | [19] |
Independent Democrats | Czech : Nezávislí Demokraté | |
Law, Respect, Expertise | Czech : Právo, Respekt, Odbornost | |
Libertas | Czech : Libertas | |
National Democracy | Czech : Národní Demokracie | |
National Party | Czech : Národní Strana | |
National Unity | Czech : Národní Sjednocení | |
Party of Common Sense | Czech : Strana Zdravého Rozumu | [20] |
Přísaha (Oath) | ||
Rally for the Republic – Republican Party of Czechoslovakia | Czech : Sdružení pro Republiku – Republikánská Strana Československa | |
Realists | Czech : Realisté | |
Svobodní (Freedomites) | ||
Tricolour | Czech : Trikolora | [21] |
Unified – Alternative for Patriots | Czech : Jednotní – Alternativa pro Patrioty | |
Workers' Party of Social Justice | Czech : Dělnická Strana Sociální Spravedlnosti |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Common Course | Danish : Fælles Kurs | |
Danish People's Party | Danish : Dansk Folkeparti | [22] |
Danish Unity | Danish : Dansk Samling | |
Democratic Party | Det Demokratiske Parti | |
Denmark Democrats | Danish : Danmarksdemokraterne | [23] [24] |
Freedom Party | Danish : Frihedspartiet | |
June Movement | Danish : JuniBevægelsen | |
Justice Party of Denmark | Danish : Retsforbundet | |
New Right | Danish : Nye Borgerlige | [25] [26] |
Party of the Danes | Danish : Danskernes Parti | |
People's Movement against the EU | Danish : Folkebevægelsen mod EU | |
Red-Green Alliance | Danish : Enhedslisten – De Rød-Grønne |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Conservative People's Party of Estonia | Estonian : Eesti Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond | |
Estonian Centre Party | Estonian : Eesti Keskerakond | |
Estonian Independence Party | Estonian : Eesti Iseseisvuspartei | |
Party of Estonian Christian Democrats | Estonian : Erakond Eesti Kristlikud Demokraadid |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
People's Party | Faroese : Fólkaflokkurin, Danish : Folkeparti |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Blue and White Front | Finnish : Sinivalkoinen Rintama | |
Finnish People First | Finnish : Suomen Kansa Ensin | |
Foundational Finns | Finnish : Perussuomalaiset, Swedish : Sannfinländarna | |
Forces for Change in Finland | Finnish : Muutosvoimat Suomi, Swedish : Förändringskrafterna i Finland | |
Freedom Alliance | Finnish : Vapauden Liitto, Swedish : Frihetsalliansen | |
Independence Party | Finnish : Itsenäisyyspuolue, Swedish : Självständighetspartiet | |
Non-aligned Coalition | Swedish : Obunden Samling | |
Power Belongs to the People | Finnish : Valta Kuuluu Kansalle, Swedish : Makten Tillhör Folket |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Debout la France (France Arise) | [27] [28] | |
Citizen and Republican Movement | French : Mouvement Républicain et Citoyen | [29] |
Communist Revolutionary Party of France | French : Parti Communiste Révolutionnaire de France | |
French Future | French : L'Avenir Français | |
La France Insoumise (France Unbowed) | ||
Left Front | French : Front de Gauche | [30] |
Left Party | French : Parti de Gauche | |
National Rally | French : Rassemblement National | [31] |
New Anticapitalist Party | French : Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste | [32] |
Pole of Communist Revival in France | French : Pôle de Renaissance Communiste en France | [33] |
Popular Republican Union | French : Union Populaire Républicain | |
Rally for France | French : Rassemblement pour la France | |
Reconquête (Reconquest) | [34] | |
Rurality Movement | French : Le Mouvement de la Ruralité | |
Social Bastion | French : Bastion Social | |
The Patriots | French : Les Patriotes |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Alternative for Germany | German : Alternative für Deutschland | [35] |
Bavaria Party | German : Bayernpartei | |
Freedom – Civil Rights Party for More Freedom and Democracy | German : Die Freiheit – Bürgerrechtspartei für mehr Freiheit und Demokratie | [36] |
Liberal Conservative Reformers | German : Liberal-Konservative Reformer | [37] |
National Democratic Party of Germany | German : Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands | |
The Blue Party | German : Die Blaue Partei | |
The German Conservatives | German : Die Deutschen Konservativen | |
The Left | German : Die Linke | |
The Republicans | German : Die Republikaner | |
The Right | German : Die Rechte |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Alliance of Patriots of Georgia | Georgian :საქართველოს პატრიოტთა ალიანსი | |
Georgian Dream | Georgian :ქართული ოცნება | [38] |
Industry Will Save Georgia | Georgian :მრეწველობა გადაარჩენს საქართველოს | |
Conservative Movement | Georgian :კონსერვატიული მოძრაობა |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Antarsya | Greek : Ανταρυα | |
Communist Party of Greece | Greek : Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας, romanized: Kommounistikó Kómma Elládas | [39] |
Course of Freedom | Greek : Πλεύση Ελευθερίας, romanized: Plefsi Eleftherias | [40] |
Democratic Social Movement | Greek : Δημοκρατικό Κοινωνικό Κίνημα, romanized: Dimokratiko Koinoniko Kinima | [41] |
Drachmi Greek Democratic Movement Five Stars | Greek : ΔΡΑΧΜΗ Ελληνική Δημοκρατικό Κίνηση Πέντε Αστέρια | [42] |
Free People | Greek : Ελεύθεροι Άνθρωποι | |
Popular Association – Golden Dawn | Greek : Λαϊκός Σύνδεσμος – Χρυσή Αυγή, romanized: Laïkós Sýndesmos – Chrysí Avgí | [43] |
Greeks for the Fatherland | Greek : Έλληνες για την Πατρίδα, romanized: Éllines gia tin Patrída | |
National Popular Consciousness | Greek : Εθνική Λαϊκή Συνείδηση, romanized: Ethnikí Laïkí Syneídisi | |
New Right | Greek : Νέα Δεξιά, romanized: Nea Dexia | |
People's Resistance | Greek : Λαϊκή Αντίσταση, romanized: Laiki Antistasi | |
Popular Greek Patriotic Union | Greek : Λαϊκή Ελληνική Πατριωτική Ένωση, romanized: Laiki Elliniki Patriotiki Enosi | |
Popular Orthodox Rally | Greek : Λαϊκός Ορθόδοξος Συναγερμός, romanized: Laikós Orthódoxos Synagermós | [44] |
Popular Unity | Greek : Λαϊκή Ενότητα, romanized: Laïkí Enótita | [45] |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Fidesz | ||
Hungarian Workers' Party | Hungarian : Magyar Munkáspárt | |
Our Homeland Movement | Hungarian : Mi Hazánk Mozgalom | [46] |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Centre Party | Icelandic : Miðflokkurinn | |
Freedom Party | Icelandic : Frelsisflokkurinn | |
Icelandic National Front | Icelandic : Íslenska Þjóðfylkingin | |
Independence Party | Icelandic : Sjálfstæðisflokkurinn | |
Left-Green Movement | Icelandic : Vinstrihreyfingin – Grænt Framboð | [47] |
Liberal Democratic Party | Icelandic : Frjálslyndi lýðræðisflokkurinn | |
Liberal Party | Icelandic : Frjálslyndi Flokkurinn | [48] |
People's Front of Iceland | Icelandic : Alþýðufylkingin | [49] [50] |
People's Party | Icelandic : Flokkur Fólksins | [51] |
Progressive Party | Icelandic : Framsóknarflokkurinn | [52] [51] |
Rainbow | Icelandic : Regnboginn | [53] [54] [55] [56] |
Right-Green People's Party | Icelandic : Hægri Grænir Flokkur Fólksins | |
Sovereign Union | Icelandic : Samtök Fullveldissinna |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Aontú (Unity) | [57] | |
Catholic Democrats | Irish : Daonlathaithe Caitliceacha | [58] |
Direct Democracy Ireland | Irish : Daonlathas Díreach Éireann | [59] |
Éirígí | [60] | |
Identity Ireland | Irish : Aitheantas Éire | |
Immigration Control Platform | Irish : An Feachtas um Smacht ar Inimirce | |
Irish Freedom Party | Irish : Cumann na Saoirse | [61] |
Libertas Ireland | ||
Militant Left | ||
National Party | Irish : An Páirtí Náisiúnta | |
Renua | [62] | |
Saoradh (Liberation) | [63] | |
Socialist Party | Irish : Páirtí Sóisialach | [64] |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Amanat (Trust) | Kazakh : Аманат |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Action Party | Latvian : Rīcības Partija | |
All for Latvia! | Latvian : Visu Latvijai! | |
For a Humane Latvia | Latvian : Par Cilvēcīgu Latviju | |
For Each and Every One | Latvian : Katram un Katrai | |
For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK | Latvian : Tēvzemei un Brīvībai/LNNK | |
Latvia First | Latvian : Latvija Pirmajā Vietā | |
Union of Greens and Farmers | Latvian : Latvija Pirmajā Vietā |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Lithuanian People's Party | Lithuanian : Lietuvos Liaudies Partija | |
Order and Justice | Lithuanian : Tvarka ir Teisingumas |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Alternative Democratic Reform Party | Luxembourgish : Alternativ Demokratesch Reformpartei, French : Parti Réformiste d'Alternative Démocratique, German : Alternative Demokratische Reformpartei | [72] |
The Left | Luxembourgish : Déi Lénk, French : La Gauche, German : Die Linken | [73] |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
ABBA | ||
Alliance for Change | Maltese : Alleanza Bidla | |
Communist Party of Malta | Maltese : Partit Komunista Malti | |
Libertas Malta | ||
National Action | Maltese : Azzjoni Nazzjonali | |
People's Party | Maltese : Partit Popolari |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Chance. Duties. Realization. | Romanian : Șansă. Obligații. Realizări. | |
Collective Action Party – Civic Congress | Romanian : Partidul Acțiunii Comune – Congresul Civic | [74] |
Our Party | Romanian : Partidul Nostru | |
Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova | Romanian : Partidul Socialiștilor din Republica Moldova, Russian : Партия социалистов Республики Молдова, romanized: Partya sotsialistov Respubliki Moldova | [75] |
Revival Party | Romanian : Partidul „Renaștere" |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Democratic Front | Montenegrin : Демократски фронт, romanized: Demokratski front | |
Democratic People's Party | Montenegrin : Демократска народна партија, romanized: Demokratska narodna partija | |
Party of Serb Radicals | Serbian : Странка српских радикала, romanized: Stranka srpskih radikala | |
Serb List | Serbian : Српска листа, romanized: Srpska lista |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Capitalist Party | Bokmål : Liberalistene, Nynorsk : Liberalistane | |
Centre Party | Norwegian : Senterpartiet, Northern Sami : Guovddášbellodat | |
Christian Democratic Party | Bokmål : Kristelig Folkeparti, Nynorsk : Kristeleg Folkeparti, Northern Sami : Risttalaš Álbmotbellodat | |
Democrats in Norway | Bokmål : Demokratene, Nynorsk : Demokratane | [89] |
Progress Party | Bokmål : Fremskrittspartiet, Nynorsk : Framstegspartiet, Northern Sami : Ovddádusbellodat | |
Red Party | Bokmål : Rødt, Nynorsk : Raudt, Northern Sami : Ruoksat | |
Socialist Left Party | Norwegian : Sosialistisk Venstreparti, Northern Sami : Sosialisttalaš Gurutbellodat | |
Society Party | Norwegian : Samfunnspartiet |
Name | Native name(s( | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Alliance for Poland | Polish : Przymierze dla Polski | |
Confederation Liberty and Independence | Polish : Konfederacja Wolność i Niepodległość | |
Confederation of the Polish Crown | Polish : Konfederacja Korony Polskiej | |
Congress of the New Right | Polish : Kongres Nowej Prawicy | [90] |
Forward Poland | Polish : Naprzód Polsko | |
Libertas Poland | Polish : Libertas Polska | |
KORWiN | ||
National League | Polish : Liga Narodowa | |
National Movement | Polish : Ruch Narodowy | |
National Revival | Polish : Stronnictwo Narodowe | |
National Revival of Poland | Polish : Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski | |
Party of Regions | Polish : Partia Regionów | |
Poland Comes First | Polish : Polska jest Najważniejsza | |
Poland Together | Polish : Polska Razem | |
Real Politics Union | Polish : Unia Polityki Realnej | |
Right Wing of the Republic | Polish : Prawica Rzeczypospolitej | |
Union of Christian Families | Polish : Zjednoczenie Chrześcijańskich Rodzin |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
CDS – People's Party | Portuguese : CDS – Partido Popular | |
Chega (Enough) | [91] | |
Left Bloc | Portuguese : Bloco de Esquerda | [92] |
National Democratic Alternative | Portuguese : Alternativa Democrática Nacional | |
New Democracy Party | Portuguese : Partido da Nova Democracia | [93] |
People's Monarchist Party | Portuguese : Partido Popular Monárquico | [94] |
Portuguese Communist Party | Portuguese : Partido Comunista Português | |
Rise Up | Portuguese : Ergue-te |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Alliance for the Union of Romanians | Romanian : Alianța pentru Unirea Românilor | |
Ecologist Party of Romania | Romanian : Partidul Ecologist Român | [95] |
Greater Romania Party | Romanian : Partidul România Mare | [96] |
National Identity Bloc in Europe | Romanian : Blocul Identităţii Naţionale în Europa | |
Romanian Nationhood Party | Romanian : Partidul Neamul Românesc | [97] |
The Right Alternative | Romanian : Alternativa Dreaptă | |
United Romania Party | Romanian : Partidul România Unită |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Communist Party of the Russian Federation | Russian : Коммунистическая Партия Российской Федерации, romanized: Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii | |
For Truth | Russian : За правду, romanized: Za pravdu | |
Liberal Democratic Party of Russia | Russian : Либерально-демократическая партия России, romanized: Liberal'no-demokraticheskaya partiya Rossii | |
National Patriotic Forces of Russia | Russian : Национально-патриотические силы России, romanized: Natsionalʹno-patrioticheskiye sily Rossii | |
Socialist Alternative | Russian : Социалистическая альтернатива, romanized: Sotsialisticheskaya alternativa | |
United Russia | Russian : Единая Россия, romanized: Yedinaya Rossiya |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Coalition of Refugee Associations in the Republic of Serbia | Serbian : Коалиција удружења избјеглица у Републици Србији, romanized: Koalicija Udruženja Izbjeglica u Republici Srbiji | |
Dveri (Doors) | Serbian : Двери | |
Enough is Enough | Serbian : Доста је било, romanized: Dosta je bilo | |
Healthy Serbia | Serbian : Здрава Србија, romanized: Zdrava Srbija | |
Liberation Movement | Serbian : Покрет ослобођење, romanized: Pokret oslobođenje | |
Love, Faith, Hope | Serbian : Љував, вера, нада, romanized: Ljvav, vera, nada | |
Movement for the Restoration of the Kingdom of Serbia | Serbian : Покрет обнове Краљевине Србије, romanized: Pokret obnove Kraljevine Srbije | |
Movement of Socialists | Serbian : Покрет социјалиста, romanized: Pokret socijalista | |
National Democratic Alternative | Serbian : Национално демократска алтернатива, romanized: Nacionalno demokratska alternativa | |
National Network | Serbian : Народна мрежа, romanized: Narodna mreža | |
New Democratic Party of Serbia | Serbian : Нова демократска странка Србије, romanized: Nova demokratska stranka Srbije | |
Russian Party | Serbian : Руска странка, romanized: Ruska stranka, Russian : Русская партия, romanized: Russkaya partiya | |
Serbian People's Party | Serbian : Српска народна партија, romanized: Srpska narodna partija | |
Serbian Radical Party | Serbian : Српска радикална странка, romanized: Srpska radikalna stranka | |
Sovereignists | Serbian : Суверенисти, romanized: Suverenisti |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Conservative Democrats of Slovakia | Slovak : Konzervatívni Demokrati Slovenska | [98] [99] |
Freedom and Solidarity | Slovak : Sloboda a Solidarita | [100] |
People's Party Our Slovakia | Slovak : Ľudová Strana Naše Slovensko | [101] [102] |
Republic | Slovak : Republika | |
Slovak National Party | Slovak : Slovenská Národná Strana | [103] |
Slovak PATRIOT | Slovak : Slovenský PATRIOT | |
Slovak Togetherness | Slovak : Slovenská Pospolitosť | |
We Are Family | Slovak : Sme Rodina |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Initiative for Democratic Socialism | Slovene : Iniciativa za Demokratični Socializem | |
Party of Slovenian People | Slovene : Stranka Slovenskega Naroda | |
Slovenian National Party | Slovene : Slovenska Nacionalna Stranka | |
The Left | Slovene : Levica | [104] |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Endavant (Forward) | ||
España 2000 (Spain 2000) | ||
More Country | Spanish : Más País | |
Podemos (We Can) | [105] [106] | |
Popular Unity Candidacy | Catalan : Candidatura d'Unitat Popular | [107] [108] |
Spanish Alternative | Spanish : Alternativa Española |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Alternative for Sweden | Swedish : Alternativ för Sverige | [109] |
Citizens' Coalition | Swedish : Medborgerlig Samling | [110] |
June List | Swedish : Junilistan | |
New Future | Swedish : Ny Framtid |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland | German : Eidgenössisch-Demokratische Union, French : Union Démocratique Fédérale, Italian : Unione Democratica Federale, Romansh : Uniun Democrata Federala | |
Swiss Democrats | German : Schweizer Demokraten, French : Démocrates Suisses, Italian : Democratici Svizzeri, Romansh : Democrats Svizers | |
Swiss People's Party | German : Schweizerische Volkspartei, French : Union démocratique du centre, Italian : Unione Democratica di Centro, Romansh : Partida Populara Svizra | [111] |
Ticino League | German : Liga der Tessiner, French : Ligue des Tessinois, Italian : Lega dei Ticinesi | [112] |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Centre Party | Turkish : Merkez Parti | |
Communist Movement of Turkey | Turkish : Türkiye Komünist Hareketi | [113] |
Conservative Ascension Party | Turkish : Muhafazakar Yükseliş Partisi | |
Felicity Party | Turkish : Saadet Partisi | |
Justice and Development Party | Turkish : Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi | [114] [115] |
Nationalist Movement Party | Turkish : Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi | [116] |
Nationalist Turkey Party | Turkish : Milliyetçi Türkiye Partisi | |
People's Alliance | Turkish : Cumhur İttifakı | |
Workers' Fraternity Party | Turkish : İşçi Kardeşliği Partisi | [117] |
Name | Native name(s) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
Communist Party of Ukraine | Ukrainian : Комуністична партія України, romanized: Komunistychna partiya Ukrayiny, Russian : Коммунистическая партия Украины, romanized: Kommunisticheskaya partiya Ukrainy | |
Nashi (Ours) | Ukrainian : Наші | |
National Corps | Ukrainian : Національний корпус, romanized: Natsionalnyi korpus | |
Opposition Bloc | Ukrainian : Опозиційний блок, Russian : Оппозиционный блок | [118] |
Opposition Bloc (2019) | Ukrainian : Опозиційний блок | |
Opposition Platform — For Life | Ukrainian : Опозиційна платформа – За життя, Russian : Оппозиционная платформа – За жизнь | |
Party of Christian Socialists | Ukrainian : Партія Християнських соціалістів, Russian : Партия Христианских социалистов | |
Party of Regions | Ukrainian : Партія регіонів, romanized: Partiia rehioniv, Russian : Партия регионов, romanized: Partiya regionov | [119] [120] |
Party of Shariy | Ukrainian : Партія Шарія, Russian : Партия Шария | [121] [122] |
Peace to Luhanshchyna | Ukrainian : Спокій Луганщині, romanized: Spokiy Luhanshchyni, Russian : Мир Луганщине, romanized: Mir Luganshchine | |
Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine | Ukrainian : Прогресивна соціалістична партія України, romanized: Prohresyvna sotsialistychna partiya Ukrayiny, Russian : Прогрессивная социалистическая партия Украины, romanized: Progressivnaya sotsialisticheskaya partiya Ukrainy | |
Right Sector | Ukrainian : Пра́вий се́ктор, romanized: Pravyi sektor | [123] |
Euroscepticism, also spelled as Euroskepticism or EU-scepticism, is a political position involving criticism of the European Union (EU) and European integration. It ranges from those who oppose some EU institutions and policies, and seek reform, to those who oppose EU membership and see the EU as unreformable. The opposite of Euroscepticism is known as pro-Europeanism, or European Unionism.
The UK Independence Party is a Eurosceptic, right-wing populist political party in the United Kingdom. The party reached its greatest level of success in the mid-2010s, when it gained two members of parliament and was the largest party representing the UK in the European Parliament. UKIP's visibility and success was chiefly associated with two-time leader Nigel Farage; since his second departure in 2016, the party has seen a steep decline in support and eleven different leaders, the most recent being Lois Perry since May 2024.
The Bruges Group is a think tank based in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1989, it advocates for a restructuring of Britain's relationship with the European Union and other European countries. Its members and staff campaign against the notion of an "ever-closer union" in Europe and, above all, against British involvement in a single European state. The group is often associated with the Conservative Party, including MPs such as Iain Duncan Smith, Daniel Hannan, John Redwood, and Norman Lamont. However, it is formally an independent all-party think tank, and some Labour MPs and peers have cited the publications or attended the meetings of the Bruges Group through the years, such as Frank Field, Gisela Stuart, Lord Stoddart of Swindon and Lord Shore of Stepney.
The Red–Green Alliance or Unity List is an eco-socialist political party in Denmark. It was founded in 1989 with the merger of three Marxist parties and it is the most left-wing party in the Parliament of Denmark, where it advocates for the expansion of the welfare state and social justice as well as the socialist transformation of Denmark and the entire globe. During the 2021 Copenhagen City Council election the party placed first, with 24.6% of the votes. The party is also active in various trade unions within Denmark.
Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom is a continuum of belief ranging from the opposition to certain political policies of the European Union to the complete opposition to the United Kingdom’s membership of the European Union. It has been a significant element in the politics of the United Kingdom (UK). A 2009 Eurobarometer survey of EU citizens showed support for membership of the EU was lowest in the United Kingdom, alongside Latvia and Hungary.
Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) provides for the possibility of an EU member state leaving the European Union "in accordance with its own constitutional requirements".
Right-wing populism, also called national populism and right-wing nationalism, is a political ideology that combines right-wing politics with populist rhetoric and themes. Its rhetoric employs anti-elitist sentiments, opposition to the Establishment, and speaking to or for the "common people". Recurring themes of right-wing populists include neo-nationalism, social conservatism, economic nationalism and fiscal conservatism. Frequently, they aim to defend a national culture, identity, and economy against perceived attacks by outsiders. Right-wing populism has remained the dominant political force in the Republican Party in the United States since the 2010s.
The European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) is a soft Eurosceptic, anti-federalist political group of the European Parliament. The ECR is the parliamentary group of the European Conservatives and Reformists Party European political party (formerly known as the Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe or Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists, but also includes MEPs from four other European parties and thirteen MEPs without European party affiliation.
Freedom and Solidarity, also called Saska, is a centre-right liberal and libertarian political party in Slovakia. Established in 2009, SaS was founded by economist Richard Sulík, who designed Slovakia's flat tax system. It generally holds anti-state and neoliberal positions. After the 2020 Slovak parliamentary election, the party lost several seats in the National Council but became part of the coalition government with Ordinary People and Independent Personalities, For the People, and We Are Family. It is led by businessman Branislav Gröhling.
Brothers of Italy is a national-conservative and right-wing populist political party in Italy, that is currently the country's ruling party. It became the largest party after the 2022 Italian general election. The party is led by Giorgia Meloni, the incumbent Prime Minister of Italy. Meloni's tenure has been described as the "most right-wing" republican government since World War II, whilst her time in government is frequently described as a shift towards the far-right in Italian politics.
Alternative for Germany is a right-wing populist political party in Germany. AfD is Eurosceptic, and opposes immigration to Germany. Described as a party of the far-right, the AfD is commonly positioned on the radical right, a subset of the far-right within the family of European political parties. The German judiciary suspects it is extremist, although it does not reject democracy.
Brexit was the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU). Following a referendum on 23 June 2016, Brexit officially took place at 23:00 GMT on 31 January 2020. The UK is the only sovereign country to have left the EU. The UK had been a member state of the EU or its predecessor, the European Communities (EC), since 1 January 1973. Following Brexit, EU law and the Court of Justice of the European Union no longer have primacy over British laws. The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 retains relevant EU law as domestic law, which the UK can amend or repeal.
Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy was a Eurosceptic and populist political group in the European Parliament. The EFDD group was a continuation for the Eighth European Parliament of the Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) group that existed during the Seventh European Parliament, with significant changes to group membership.
Freedom and Direct Democracy is a political party in the Czech Republic. It is led by Tomio Okamura and it holds 20 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.
Kukiz'15 is a right-wing populist political party in Poland led by Paweł Kukiz.
Richard James Sunley Tice is an English businessman and politician who has been chairman of Reform UK since 2024, previously serving in the role from 2019 to 2021. He was the leader of the party from 2021 to 2024.
Euroscepticism is a minority view in Ireland. Opinion polls held in the country between 2017 and 2024 indicated between 70% and 90% support for continued membership of the European Union (EU), and a 2021 'Eurobarometer' report indicating that 75% of poll respondents had a "positive image of the EU".
Reform UK is a right-wing populist political party in the United Kingdom. Founded in November 2018 as the Brexit Party, advocating a no-deal Brexit, it won the 2019 European Parliament election in the UK, but did not win any seats at the 2019 general election. After the UK's withdrawal from the EU in January 2020, it renamed itself Reform UK, and during the COVID-19 pandemic advocated strongly against lockdowns. Since 2022, the party has campaigned on a broader platform, in particular opposing immigration and the government's Net Zero energy policy. Following Farage's resumption of the party leadership in early June during the 2024 general election campaign, Reform briefly came within 2% of the Conservative Party in opinion polls, before dropping back to 9 to 10% behind them.
Populism exists in Europe.
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