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During the 20th Century, three national entities making use of the name "Progressive Party" in the United States put forth pairings of candidates for the offices of President of the United States and Vice President of the United States. Despite the shared name, each of the three parties were organizationally distinct from one another.
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States or America, is a country comprising 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions. At 3.8 million square miles, the United States is the world's third or fourth largest country by total area and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe's 3.9 million square miles. With a population of over 327 million people, the U.S. is the third most populous country. The capital is Washington, D.C., and the most populous city is New York City. Forty-eight states and the capital's federal district are contiguous in North America between Canada and Mexico. The State of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west. The State of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, stretching across nine official time zones. The extremely diverse geography, climate, and wildlife of the United States make it one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries.
The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces.
The vice president of the United States is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government, after the president of the United States, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession. The vice president is also an officer in the legislative branch, as President of the Senate. In this capacity, the vice president presides over Senate deliberations, but may not vote except to cast a tie-breaking vote. The vice president also presides over joint sessions of Congress.
The Progressive Party (United States, 1912) was formed by Theodore Roosevelt and his reformist co-thinkers as part of a split of the Republican Party in 1912. The party's ballot symbol was an adult male moose, giving rise to the organization's popular name, the Bull Moose Party.
The Progressive Party was a third party in the United States formed in 1912 by former President Theodore Roosevelt after he lost the presidential nomination of the Republican Party to his former protégé, incumbent President William Howard Taft. The new party was known for taking advanced positions on progressive reforms and attracting some leading reformers. After the party's defeat in the 1912 presidential election, it went into rapid decline, disappearing by 1918. The Progressive Party was popularly nicknamed the "Bull Moose Party" since Roosevelt often said that he felt "strong as a bull moose" both before and after an assassination attempt on the campaign trail.
Theodore Roosevelt Jr. was an American statesman, politician, conservationist, naturalist, and writer who served as the 26th president of the United States from 1901 to 1909. He previously served as the 25th vice president of the United States from March to September 1901 and as the 33rd governor of New York from 1899 to 1900. As a leader of the Republican Party during this time, he became a driving force for the Progressive Era in the United States in the early 20th century. His face is depicted on Mount Rushmore, alongside those of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln. In polls of historians and political scientists, Roosevelt is generally ranked as one of the five best presidents.
Reformism is a political doctrine advocating the reform of an existing system or institution instead of its abolition and replacement. Within the socialist movement, reformism is the view that gradual changes through existing institutions can eventually lead to fundamental changes in a society’s political and economic systems. Reformism as a political tendency and hypothesis of social change grew out of opposition to revolutionary socialism, which contends that revolutionary upheaval is a necessary precondition for the structural changes necessary to transform a capitalist system to a qualitatively different socialist economic system.
Presidential Nominee | 1912 (lost), 1916 (lost) | Vice Presidential Nominee | |
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![]() | Theodore Roosevelt State: New York Born: October 27, 1858, New York City, New York Died: January 6, 1919, Cove Neck, New York Alma mater: Columbia Law School Career: President (1901-1909) Vice President (1901) Governor of New York (1899-1900) Assistant Secretary of the Navy (1897–1898) | Hiram Johnson State: California Born: Born September 2, 1866 Sacramento, California Died August 6, 1945 Bethesda, Maryland Alma mater: Ohio Wesleyan University Career: Governor of California (1911–1917) | ![]() |
John M. Parker State: Louisiana Born: March 16, 1863 Washington, Louisiana Died: May 20, 1939, Pass Christian, Mississippi, Alma mater: Eastman's Business School in New Orleans Career: Governor of Louisiana (1920–1924) | ![]() | ||
Opponent Woodrow Wilson (D-NJ) William Howard Taft (R-OH) Eugene V. Debs (S-IN) | 1912 United States presidential election Popular vote:Wilson/Marshall 6,296,284 (41.8%) - Roosevelt/Johnson 4,122,721 (24.7%) - Taft/Butler 3,486,242 (23.2%) - Debs/Seidel 901,551 (6.0%) Electoral vote:Wilson/Marshall 435 - Roosevelt/Johnson 88 - Taft/Butler 8 - Debs/Seidel 0 | Opponent Thomas Marshall (D-IN) Nicholas M. Butler (R-NY) Emil Seidel (S-WI) | |
Opponent Woodrow Wilson (D-NJ) Charles E. Hughes (R-NY) | 1916 United States presidential election ("TR" refused the nomination but was on the ballot in several states anyway.) Popular vote:Wilson/Marshall (49.2%) - Hughes/Fairbanks 8,548,728 (46.1%) Roosevelt-Parker 33,406 (0%) Electoral vote:Wilson/Marshall 277 - Hughes/Fairbanks 254- Roosevelt-Parker 0 | Opponent Charles W. Fairbanks (R-IN) Thomas Marshall (D-IN) |
The Progressive Party (United States, 1924) was largely a technical ballot name for independent presidential candidate Robert M. La Follette, Sr. in the 1924 United States presidential election. No lasting organization survived the November campaign, outside of Wisconsin, which drew much of its support from the trade union movement, the sponsorship of the Conference for Progressive Political Action and the Socialist Party of America. The party's ballot symbol was the Liberty bell.
The United States presidential election of 1924 was the 35th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 4, 1924. In a three-way contest, incumbent Republican President Calvin Coolidge won election to a full term.
A trade union is an association of workers forming a legal unit or legal personhood, usually called a "bargaining unit", which acts as bargaining agent and legal representative for a unit of employees in all matters of law or right arising from or in the administration of a collective agreement. Labour unions typically fund the formal organization, head office, and legal team functions of the labour union through regular fees or union dues. The delegate staff of the labour union representation in the workforce are made up of workplace volunteers who are appointed by members in democratic elections.
The Conference for Progressive Political Action was officially established by the convention call of the 16 major railway labor unions in the United States, represented by a committee of six: William H. Johnston of the Machinists' Union, Martin F. Ryan of the Railway Carmen, Warren S. Stone of the Locomotive Engineers, E. J. Manion or the Railroad Telegraphers, Timothy Healy of the Stationary Firemen, and L. E. Sheppard of the Order of Railway Conductors. The idea of joining the "forces of every progressive, liberal, and radical organization of the workers must be mobilized to repel these assaults and to advance the industrial and political power of the working class" seems to have originated with the National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party, which issued an appeal to unions and progressive political organizations for such a group in September 1921.
Presidential Nominee | 1924 (lost) | Vice Presidential Nominee | |
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![]() | Robert M. La Follette, Sr. State:Wisconsin Born June 14, 1855 Died June 18, 1925 Career: United States Senate (1906-1925) Governor of Wisconsin (1901-1906) | Burton K. Wheeler State:Montana Born:February 27, 1882 Died:January 6, 1975 Career: United States Senate (1923-1947) | ![]() |
Opponent Calvin Coolidge (R-MA) John W. Davis (D-WVA) | 1924 United States presidential election Popular vote: Davis/Bryan 8,386,242 (28.8%) - Coolidge/Dawes 15,723,789 (54.0%) - La Follette/Wheeler 4,831,706 (16.6%) Electoral vote: Davis/Bryan 136 - Coolidge/Dawes 382 - La Follette/Wheeler 13 | Opponent Charles G. Dawes (R-IL) Charles W.. Bryan (D-Neb) |
The Progressive Party (United States, 1948) was an organization created by defectors from the Democratic Party, who backed former Secretary of Agriculture and Vice President Henry A. Wallace over the staunchly anti-Soviet incumbent Harry S. Truman. The organization drew a significant part of its strength from left wing trade unions and the Communist Party, USA as well as pacifists and individuals favoring a relaxation of the Cold War. As of 2015, they are the only ticket to get over a million votes with fourth place status.
The United States Progressive Party of 1948 was a left-wing political party that served as a vehicle for former Vice President Henry A. Wallace's 1948 presidential campaign. The party sought desegregation, the establishment of a national health insurance system, an expansion of the welfare system, and the nationalization of the energy industry. The party also sought conciliation with the Soviet Union during the early stages of the Cold War.
The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with its rival, the Republican Party. Tracing its heritage back to Thomas Jefferson and James Madison's Democratic-Republican Party, the modern-day Democratic Party was founded around 1828 by supporters of Andrew Jackson, making it the world's oldest active political party.
The United States Secretary of Agriculture is the head of the United States Department of Agriculture. The Secretary of Agriculture is former Georgia Governor Sonny Perdue. Perdue took office on April 25, 2017 after being confirmed by the U.S Senate 87-11. The position carries similar responsibilities to those of agriculture ministers in other governments.
Presidential Nominee | 1948 (lost) | Vice Presidential Nominee | |
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![]() | Henry A. Wallace State: Iowa Born: October 7, 1888, Orient, Iowa Died: November 18, 1965, Danbury, Connecticut Alma mater: Iowa State University Career: Secretary of Commerce (1945-1946) Vice President (1941-1945) Secretary of Agriculture (1933–1940) | Glen H. Taylor State: Idaho Born:April 12, 1904 Died: April 28, 1984 Career: United States Senate (1945-1951) | ![]() |
Opponent Thomas E. Dewey (R-NY) Strom Thurmond (SRD-SC) Harry S Truman (D-MO) | 1948 United States presidential election Popular vote:Truman/Barkley 24,179,347 (49.6%) - Dewey/Warren 21,991,292 (45.1%) - Thurmond/Wright 1,175,930 (2.4%) - Wallace/Taylor 1,157,328 (2.3%) Electoral vote:Truman/Barkley 303 - Dewey/Warren 189 - Thurmond/Wright 39 - Wallace/Taylor 0 | Opponent Earl Warren (R-CA) Fielding L. Wright (SRD-MS) Alben W. Barkley (D-KY) | |
Vincent Hallinan and Charlotta Bass received barely a hundred thousand votes.
Vincent Hallinan was an American lawyer and a candidate for President of the United States for the Progressive Party in the 1952 election.
Charlotta Amanda Spears Bass was an American educator, newspaper publisher-editor, and civil rights activist. She also focused on various other issues such as housing rights, voting rights, and labor rights, as well as police brutality and harassment. Bass is believed to be the first African-American woman to own and operate a newspaper in the United States; she published the California Eagle from 1912 until 1951. In 1952, Bass became the first African-American woman nominated for Vice President, as a candidate of the Progressive Party.
The 1992 United States presidential election was the 52nd quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 3, 1992. Democratic Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas defeated incumbent Republican President George H. W. Bush, independent businessman Ross Perot of Texas, and a number of minor candidates.
The United States presidential election of 1856 was the 18th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 4, 1856. In a three-way election, Democrat James Buchanan defeated Republican nominee John C. Frémont and American Party nominee Millard Fillmore.
The 1860 United States presidential election was the nineteenth quadrennial presidential election to select the President and Vice President of the United States. The election was held on Tuesday, November 6, 1860. In a four-way contest, the Republican Party ticket of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin emerged triumphant. The election of Lincoln served as the primary catalyst of the American Civil War.
The United States presidential election of 1888 was the 26th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 6, 1888. Republican nominee Benjamin Harrison, a former Senator from Indiana, defeated incumbent Democratic President Grover Cleveland of New York. It was the third of five U.S. presidential elections in which the winner did not win a plurality of the national popular vote.
The United States presidential election of 1912 was the 32nd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 5, 1912. Democratic Governor Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey unseated incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft and defeated former President Theodore Roosevelt, who ran as the Progressive Party nominee. Roosevelt remains the only third party presidential candidate in U.S. history to finish better than third in the popular or electoral vote.
The United States presidential election of 1916 was the 33rd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 1916. Incumbent Democratic President Woodrow Wilson defeated Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes, the Republican candidate. Wilson was the only sitting Democratic president to win re-election between 1832 and 1936.
Electoral fusion is an arrangement where two or more political parties on a ballot list the same candidate, pooling the votes for that candidate. Distinct from the process of electoral alliances in that the political parties remain separately listed on the ballot, the practice of electoral fusion in jurisdictions where it exists allows minor parties to influence election results and policy by offering to endorse or nominate a major party's candidate.
Third party is a term used in the United States for American political parties other than the Republican and Democratic parties.
In United States presidential elections, a faithless elector is a member of the United States Electoral College who does not vote for the presidential or vice presidential candidate for whom they had pledged to vote. That is, they break faith with the candidate they were pledged to and vote for another candidate, or fail to vote. A pledged elector is only considered a faithless elector by breaking their pledge; unpledged electors have no pledge to break.
The 1912 National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States was held at the Chicago Coliseum, Chicago, Illinois, from June 18 to June 22, 1912. The party nominated President William H. Taft and Vice President James S. Sherman for re-election.
The Progressive Party of 1924 was a new party created as a vehicle for Robert M. La Follette, Sr. to run for president in the 1924 election. It did not run candidates for other offices, and it disappeared after the election. The party advocated progressive positions such as government ownership of railroads and electric utilities, cheap credit for farmers, the outlawing of child labor, stronger laws to help labor unions, more protection of civil liberties, an end to American imperialism in Latin America, and a referendum before any president could lead the nation into war.
The 1916 Republican National Convention was held in Chicago from June 7 to June 10. A major goal of the party's bosses at the convention was to heal the bitter split within the party that had occurred in the 1912 presidential campaign. In that year, Theodore Roosevelt bolted the GOP and formed his own political party, the Progressive Party, which contained most of the GOP's liberals. William Howard Taft, the incumbent president, won the nomination of the regular Republican Party. This split in the GOP ranks divided the Republican vote and led to the election of Democrat Woodrow Wilson. Although several candidates were openly competing for the 1916 nomination—most prominently conservative Senator Elihu Root of New York, Senator John W. Weeks of Massachusetts, and liberal Senator Albert Cummins of Iowa—the party's bosses wanted a moderate who would be acceptable to all factions of the party. They turned to Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes, who had served on the court since 1910 and thus had the advantage of not having publicly spoken about political issues in six years. Although he had not sought the nomination, Hughes made it known that he would not turn it down; he won the nomination on the third ballot. Former Vice-President Charles W. Fairbanks was nominated as his running mate. Hughes was the only Supreme Court Justice to be nominated for president by a major political party. Fairbanks was the last former vice president, to be nominated for vice president.
Brian Patrick Moore is an American politician and founder of antiwar organization Nature Coast Coalition for Peace & Justice. He was the presidential nominee of the Socialist Party USA for the 2008 United States presidential election. He waged several campaigns for mayor and city council in Washington, D.C. and twice ran for the United States House of Representatives from Florida's 5th congressional district, winning none. He ran for the Democratic Party nomination for Governor of Florida in 2010, but lost in the primary election.
The California Progressive Party, also named California Bull Moose, was a third party that flourished from 1912 to 1944 and lasted through the 1960s.
Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Party held its 1916 national convention, in conjunction with the Republican national convention. This was to facilitate a possible reconciliation. Five delegates from each convention met to negotiate.