 | This article needs to be updated.(April 2024) |
This list of countries by electrification rate sorts countries by the share of their inhabitants with access to electricity. Access to electricity is considered one of the prerequisites for a modern life. In 2021, 91.4% of the world population had access to electricity. Worldwide, there are major differences between urban and rural regions and the degree of electrification.
| Location | Share of population with access to electricity | Year | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % of total [1] | % of urban [2] | % of rural [3] | ||
 Albania | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Algeria | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Andorra | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Antigua and Barbuda | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Argentina | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Armenia | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Aruba | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Austria | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Australia | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Azerbaijan | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Bahamas | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Bahrain | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Bangladesh | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2022 [4] |
 Barbados | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Belarus | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Belgium | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Bermuda | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Bhutan | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Brazil | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Brunei | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Bulgaria | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Canada | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Cayman Islands | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Chile | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 China | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Costa Rica | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Croatia | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Cuba | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Curaçao | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Cyprus | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Czech Republic | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Denmark | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Dominica | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Ecuador | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Egypt | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Estonia | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Finland | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 France | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 French Polynesia | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Germany | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Georgia | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Gibraltar | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Greece | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Greenland | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Grenada | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Guam | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Hong Kong | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Hungary | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 India | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Iran | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Iraq | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Ireland | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Iceland | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Israel | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Italy | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Japan | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Jamaica | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Kazakhstan | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Kosovo | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 South Korea | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Kuwait | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Laos | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Latvia | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Lebanon | 100% | 100% | 100% | 2021 |
 Liechtenstein | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Lithuania | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Luxembourg | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Macau | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Malaysia | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Maldives | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Malta | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 North Macedonia | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Mongolia | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Morocco | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Mexico | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Moldova | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Monaco | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Montenegro | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Nauru | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Netherlands | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 New Caledonia | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 New Zealand | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Northern Mariana Islands | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Norway | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Oman | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Pakistan | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Palau | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Palestine | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Poland | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Portugal | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Paraguay | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Puerto Rico | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Qatar | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Romania | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Russia | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 San Marino | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Saudi Arabia | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Saint Kitts and Nevis | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Saint Lucia | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Serbia | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Seychelles | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Singapore | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Slovakia | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Slovenia | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Spain | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Sri Lanka | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Sweden | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Switzerland | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Thailand | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Timor-Leste | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Tonga | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Trinidad and Tobago | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Turks and Caicos Islands | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Tunisia | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Turkey | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Turkmenistan | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Ukraine | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 United States | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 United Arab Emirates | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 United Kingdom | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Uruguay | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Vietnam | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Venezuela | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Jordan | 99.9 % | 100 % | 98.8 % | 2021 |
 Uzbekistan | 99.9 % | 100 % | 99.8 % | 2021 |
 Marshall Islands | 99.8 % | 96.0 % | 100 % | 2021 |
 Tuvalu | 99.7 % | 100 % | 99.1 % | 2021 |
 Indonesia | 99.7 % | 99.9 % | 99.8 % | 2023 |
 Kyrgyzstan | 99.7 % | 99.8 % | 99.6 % | 2021 |
 Mauritius | 99.6 % | 99.3 % | 99.8 % | 2021 |
 Colombia | 99.3 % | 99.5 % | 97.2 % | 2021 |
 Tajikistan | 99.2 % | 98.7 % | 99.4 % | 2021 |
 Suriname | 98.8 % | 99.5 % | 97.5 % | 2021 |
 Bolivia | 98.6 % | 100 % | 95.1 % | 2021 |
 Samoa | 98.3 % | 100 % | 97.9 % | 2021 |
 Dominican Republic | 98.1 % | 98.8 % | 94.8 % | 2021 |
 El Salvador | 97.9 % | 99.2 % | 94.1 % | 2021 |
 Guatemala | 97.9 % | 97.6 % | 98.1 % | 2021 |
 Afghanistan | 97.9 % | 99.5 % | 97.1 % | 2021 |
 Belize | 97.7 % | 98.4 % | 97.1 % | 2021 |
 Philippines | 97.5 % | 98.6 % | 96.5 % | 2021 |
 Peru | 95.6 % | 98.9 % | 83.6 % | 2021 |
 Cape Verde | 95.5 % | 94.9 % | 96.9 % | 2021 |
 Panama | 95.3 % | 99.8 % | 85.6 % | 2021 |
 Honduras | 94.1 % | 100 % | 85.7 % | 2021 |
 Guyana | 92.9 % | 97.5 % | 91.2 % | 2021 |
 Kiribati | 92.8 % | 88.3 % | 94.3 % | 2021 |
 Fiji | 92.1 % | 96.0 % | 86.8 % | 2021 |
 Gabon | 91.8 % | 98.7 % | 26.8 % | 2021 |
| World | 91.4 % | 97.7 % | 84.5 % | 2021 |
 Nepal | 89.9 % | 94.2 % | 82.1 % | 2021 |
 South Africa | 89.3 % | 87.4 % | 93.4 % | 2021 |
 Syria | 88.8 % | 100 % | 74.5 % | 2021 |
 Comoros | 87.9 % | 100 % | 82.9 % | 2021 |
 Ghana | 86.3 % | 95.2 % | 74.0 % | 2021 |
 Nicaragua | 86.3 % | 100 % | 66.3 % | 2021 |
 Federated States of Micronesia | 83.6 % | 97.6 % | 79.4 % | 2021 |
 Eswatini | 82.9 % | 94.6 % | 79.1 % | 2021 |
 Cambodia | 82.5 % | 98.9 % | 77.1 % | 2021 |
 São Tomé and Príncipe | 78.5 % | 80.0 % | 73.7 % | 2021 |
 Kenya | 76.5 % | 97.5 % | 68.2 % | 2021 |
 Solomon Islands | 76.3 % | 79.2 % | 75.4 % | 2021 |
 Yemen | 74.9 % | 93.1 % | 63.4 % | 2021 |
 Botswana | 73.7 % | 93.1 % | 25.0 % | 2021 |
 Myanmar | 72.5 % | 93.6 % | 62.8 % | 2021 |
 Ivory Coast | 71.1 % | 94.9 % | 45.2 % | 2021 |
 Libya | 70.2 % | 100 % | 15.2 % | 2021 |
 Vanuatu | 70.0 % | 97.0 % | 60.7 % | 2021 |
 Senegal | 68.0 % | 93.9 % | 43.4 % | 2021 |
 Equatorial Guinea | 66.8 % | 90.3 % | 1.4 % | 2021 |
 Cameroon | 65.4 % | 94.7 % | 24.8 % | 2021 |
 Djibouti | 65.4 % | 73.5 % | 36.6 % | 2021 |
 Gambia | 63.7 % | 82.6 % | 31.2 % | 2021 |
 Sudan | 61.8 % | 84.2 % | 49.4 % | 2021 |
 Nigeria | 59.5 % | 89.2 % | 26.3 % | 2021 |
 Togo | 55.7 % | 96.3 % | 24.7 % | 2021 |
 Namibia | 55.2 % | 74.7 % | 33.2 % | 2021 |
 Ethiopia | 54.2 % | 94.3 % | 42.8 % | 2021 |
 Mali | 53.4 % | 96.9 % | 18.3 % | 2021 |
 North Korea | 52.6 % | ... | ... | 2021 |
 Eritrea | 52.5 % | 75.7 % | 35.7 % | 2021 |
 Lesotho | 50.4 % | 80.6 % | 37.7 % | 2021 |
 Republic of the Congo | 49.7 % | 67.0 % | 12.4 % | 2021 |
 Somalia | 49.3 % | 70.6 % | 30.6 % | 2021 |
 Zimbabwe | 49.0 % | 85.3 % | 31.6 % | 2021 |
 Rwanda | 48.7 % | 98.0 % | 38.2 % | 2021 |
 Angola | 48.2 % | 75.0 % | 7.3 % | 2021 |
 Mauritania | 47.7 % | 89.7 % | 11.2 % | 2021 |
 Haiti | 47.2 % | 81.8 % | 1.2 % | 2021 |
 Guinea | 46.8 % | 89.8 % | 21.3 % | 2021 |
 Zambia | 46.7 % | 85.7 % | 14.5 % | 2021 |
 Uganda | 45.2 % | 72.3 % | 35.9 % | 2021 |
 Tanzania | 42.7 % | 77.3 % | 23.3 % | 2021 |
 Benin | 42.0 % | 67.0 % | 18.0 % | 2021 |
 Guinea-Bissau | 35.8 % | 60.5 % | 15.8 % | 2021 |
 Madagascar | 35.1 % | 72.6 % | 10.9 % | 2021 |
 Mozambique | 31.5 % | 77.4 % | 3.8 % | 2021 |
 Liberia | 29.8 % | 49.5 % | 8.1 % | 2021 |
 Sierra Leone | 27.5 % | 57.0 % | 4.9 % | 2021 |
 Papua New Guinea | 20.9 % | 65.2 % | 14.0 % | 2021 |
 Democratic Republic of the Congo | 20.8 % | 43.8 % | 1.0 % | 2021 |
 Burkina Faso | 19.0 % | 67.6 % | 5.6 % | 2021 |
 Niger | 18.6 % | 65.9 % | 9.1 % | 2021 |
 Central African Republic | 15.7 % | 34.7 % | 1.6 % | 2021 |
 Malawi | 14.2 % | 54.2 % | 5.6 % | 2021 |
 Chad | 11.3 % | 43.2 % | 1.3 % | 2021 |
 Burundi | 10.2 % | 62.8 % | 1.6 % | 2021 |
 South Sudan | 7.1 % | 15.6 % | 5.7 % | 2021 |
| Region | Share of population with access to electricity | Year | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| in % (total population) [1] | in % (urban population) [2] | in % (rural population) [3] | ||
| North America | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
| European Union | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
| Europe and Central Asia | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 2021 |
| South Asia | 98.8 % | 99.9 % | 98.3 % | 2021 |
| East Asia and Pacific | 98.2 % | 99.8 % | 96.8 % | 2021 |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 98.1 % | 99.5 % | 96.5 % | 2021 |
| Middle East and North Africa | 97.3 % | 99.6 % | 93.9 % | 2021 |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 50.6 % | 80.7 % | 30.4 % | 2021 |
| Country | Share of population with access to electricity in % (total population) [1] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 | |
| Afghanistan | 23.0 | 42.7 | 71.5 | 97.7 | |||
| Albania | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Algeria | 99.3 | 99.6 | 99.9 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Angola | 24.2 | 28.2 | 33.4 | 42.0 | 47.0 | ||
| Argentina | 99.4 | 99.6 | 99.8 | 99.9 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Armenia | 98.9 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Australia | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Austria | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Azerbaijan | 98.9 | 99.3 | 99.9 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Bangladesh | 14.3 | 19.7 | 32.0 | 44.2 | 55.3 | 74.0 | 96.2 |
| Belarus | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
| Belgium | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Benin | 21.4 | 26.7 | 34.2 | 37.7 | 41.0 | ||
| Bolivia | 56.1 | 63.9 | 70.0 | 68.3 | 88.0 | 91.5 | 97.2 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Botswana | 9.3 | 16.1 | 26.5 | 37.4 | 52.0 | 62.1 | 71.8 |
| Brazil | 89.3 | 91.7 | 94.4 | 97.1 | 99.3 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Bulgaria | 100.0 | 100.0 | 88.1 | 90.6 | 93.5 | 96.6 | 99.7 |
| Burkina Faso | 5.9 | 6.7 | 9.1 | 11.4 | 13.1 | 16.2 | 18.5 |
| Burundi | 3.0 | 3.2 | 5.3 | 7.9 | 9.1 | ||
| Cambodia | 16.6 | 20.5 | 31.1 | 62.7 | 86.4 | ||
| Cameroon | 27.6 | 36.1 | 41.0 | 47.4 | 53.3 | 58.6 | 64.3 |
| Canada | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Central African Republic | 3.0 | 6.0 | 8.3 | 9.8 | 12.7 | 15.4 | |
| Chad | 2.7 | 4.7 | 6.4 | 7.7 | 10.9 | ||
| Chile | 99.8 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| China | 96.9 | 98.3 | 99.7 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Colombia | 72.4 | 77.9 | 83.3 | 95.2 | 96.3 | 97.8 | 99.2 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 6.7 | 6.0 | 13.0 | 16.6 | 20.1 | ||
| Republic of the Congo | 29.4 | 33.8 | 40.0 | 44.3 | 48.7 | ||
| Costa Rica | 98.2 | 98.7 | 99.1 | 99.0 | 99.4 | 99.9 | |
| Cuba | 94.7 | 97.0 | 97.0 | 97.8 | 99.4 | 99.9 | |
| Czech Republic | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Denmark | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Dominican Republic | 76.4 | 84.8 | 88.8 | 90.1 | 98.1 | 98.6 | 100.0 |
| Ecuador | 89.8 | 93.5 | 95.8 | 97.5 | 98.8 | 98.8 | |
| Egypt | 95.5 | 97.7 | 99.4 | 99.2 | 99.3 | 100.0 | |
| El Salvador | 65.7 | 77.0 | 84.5 | 87.5 | 91.6 | 95.4 | 99.7 |
| Eritrea | 22.9 | 29.2 | 34.6 | 39.8 | 45.8 | 51.4 | |
| Estonia | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Ethiopia | 12.7 | 14.0 | 25.5 | 29.0 | 51.1 | ||
| Finland | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| France | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Gambia | 20.0 | 34.3 | 30.5 | 47.3 | 54.7 | 62.2 | |
| Germany | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Ghana | 34.2 | 43.7 | 54.7 | 64.2 | 74.0 | 85.4 | |
| Greece | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Guatemala | 60.8 | 73.3 | 78.4 | 84.1 | 90.5 | 96.6 | |
| Guinea | 15.5 | 20.2 | 28.1 | 34.9 | 44.7 | ||
| Haiti | 31.3 | 33.7 | 34.9 | 37.4 | 41.0 | 46.3 | |
| Honduras | 66.1 | 67.4 | 68.9 | 81.0 | 90.0 | 93.1 | |
| Hungary | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| India | 50.6 | 59.1 | 71.2 | 82.3 | 91.6 | 100.0 | |
| Indonesia | 43.6 | 66.9 | 86.3 | 85.7 | 94.2 | 97.5 | 97.9 |
| Iran | 97.9 | 98.4 | 99.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Iraq | 96.8 | 97.4 | 98.4 | 99.4 | 100.0 | ||
| Ireland | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Israel | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Italy | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Ivory Coast | 36.7 | 42.3 | 47.6 | 58.9 | 58.0 | 62.6 | 69.9 |
| Jamaica | 70.3 | 80.4 | 84.4 | 88.2 | 92.2 | 94.9 | 99.7 |
| Japan | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Jordan | 96.8 | 98.2 | 98.7 | 98.9 | 99.0 | 99.8 | 99.9 |
| Kazakhstan | 99.9 | 99.1 | 99.4 | 99.5 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
| Kenya | 4.5 | 15.4 | 26.0 | 19.2 | 41.6 | 71.5 | |
| South Korea | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
| Laos | 25.0 | 43.1 | 57.2 | 70.6 | 89.7 | 99.3 | |
| Latvia | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Lebanon | 99.6 | 99.9 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |||
| Liberia | 5.3 | 15.2 | 27.6 | ||||
| Lithuania | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
| Madagascar | 8.2 | 11.0 | 12.6 | 16.0 | 12.8 | 23.8 | 32.0 |
| Malawi | 2.1 | 2.3 | 4.8 | 6.8 | 8.7 | 10.8 | 11.5 |
| Malaysia | 99.2 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||||
| Mali | 9.4 | 18.7 | 27.8 | 37.6 | 50.6 | ||
| Mauritania | 18.2 | 33.7 | 39.5 | 45.4 | |||
| Mexico | 92.3 | 96.3 | 98.7 | 99.2 | 99.4 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Mongolia | 67.3 | 86.2 | 78.5 | 88.0 | 99.5 | ||
| Morocco | 46.2 | 56.5 | 69.7 | 79.5 | 91.5 | 99.6 | 100.0 |
| Mozambique | 6.0 | 12.1 | 18.0 | 24.0 | 30.6 | ||
| Myanmar | 47.4 | 48.8 | 60.5 | 70.4 | |||
| Namibia | 30.0 | 36.5 | 39.8 | 44.4 | 51.6 | 52.3 | |
| Nepal | 27.7 | 46.5 | 68.6 | 82.0 | 89.9 | ||
| Netherlands | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| New Zealand | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Nicaragua | 69.3 | 72.8 | 73.8 | 79.1 | 83.2 | 86.0 | |
| Niger | 4.2 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 12.9 | 16.6 | 18.7 |
| Nigeria | 27.3 | 38.4 | 42.9 | 47.1 | 48.0 | 52.5 | 55.4 |
| Norway | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Oman | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Pakistan | 72.8 | 78.1 | 87.1 | 91.0 | 94.5 | ||
| Panama | 70.2 | 76.0 | 81.4 | 85.6 | 86.8 | 91.6 | 95.3 |
| Papua New Guinea | 8.7 | 19.1 | 19.5 | 18.4 | 20.5 | ||
| Paraguay | 77.5 | 89.2 | 94.7 | 97.4 | 99.3 | 99.7 | |
| Peru | 67.4 | 72.5 | 77.2 | 88.1 | 93.9 | 96.2 | |
| Philippines | 59.8 | 69.2 | 74.8 | 80.1 | 85.2 | 89.1 | 96.2 |
| Poland | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Portugal | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Romania | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Russia | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Rwanda | 4.4 | 0.1 | 6.2 | 4.8 | 9.7 | 22.8 | 45.2 |
| Saudi Arabia | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Senegal | 29.0 | 37.7 | 47.1 | 56.5 | 60.5 | 64.3 | |
| Serbia | 100.0 | 99.9 | 99.7 | 99.7 | 99.9 | 100.0 | |
| Singapore | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Slovakia | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Slovenia | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Somalia | 2.1 | 15.0 | 21.0 | 45.3 | 49.9 | ||
| South Africa | 71.8 | 80.9 | 82.9 | 85.5 | 90.0 | ||
| Spain | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
| Sri Lanka | 88.7 | 95.6 | 99.6 | 100.0 | |||
| Sudan | 23.0 | 30.5 | 36.0 | 48.0 | 59.7 | ||
| Sweden | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Switzerland | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Tanzania | 7.2 | 8.7 | 13.8 | 14.8 | 26.2 | 39.9 | |
| Thailand | 82.1 | 92.7 | 99.7 | 99.6 | 100.0 | ||
| Togo | 17.0 | 26.7 | 30.8 | 44.7 | 54.1 | ||
| Tunisia | 88.7 | 94.8 | 99.3 | 99.5 | 99.9 | 99.9 | |
| Turkey | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||||
| Uganda | 6.8 | 7.7 | 8.9 | 12.1 | 18.5 | 42.1 | |
| Ukraine | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| United Arab Emirates | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| United Kingdom | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| United States | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Uruguay | 97.9 | 98.5 | 98.8 | 99.1 | 99.7 | 100.0 | |
| Venezuela | 99.0 | 98.9 | 98.9 | 98.9 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
| Vietnam | 87.2 | 96.1 | 98.5 | 99.8 | 100.0 | ||
| Yemen | 43.6 | 50.0 | 56.1 | 73.7 | 71.2 | 73.9 | |
| Zambia | 15.6 | 16.7 | 22.6 | 22.0 | 31.1 | 44.6 | |
| Zimbabwe | 25.6 | 31.9 | 33.9 | 35.6 | 39.8 | 33.7 | 52.7 |
The economy of Burundi is $3.436 billion by gross domestic product as of 2018, being heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for 32.9% of gross domestic product as of 2008. Burundi itself is a landlocked country lacking resources, and with almost nonexistent industrialization. Agriculture supports more than 70% of the labor force, the majority of whom are subsistence farmers.
The economy of Chad suffers from the landlocked country's geographic remoteness, drought, lack of infrastructure, and political turmoil. About 85% of the population depends on agriculture, including livestock herding. Of Africa's Francophone countries, Chad benefited least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies in January 1994. Financial aid from the World Bank, the African Development Bank, and other sources is directed mainly at improving agriculture, especially livestock production. Because of a lack of financing, the development of oil fields near Doba, originally due to finish in 2000, was delayed until 2003. It was finally developed and is now operated by ExxonMobil. Regarding gross domestic product, Chad ranks 147th globally with $11.051 billion as of 2018.
The gross domestic product (GDP) of Niger was $16.617 billion US dollars in 2023, according to official data from the World Bank. This data is based largely on internal markets, subsistence agriculture, and the export of raw commodities: foodstuffs to neighbors and raw minerals to world markets. Niger, a landlocked West African nation that straddles the Sahel, has consistently been ranked on the bottom of the Human Development Index, at 0.394 as of 2019. It has a very low per capita income, and ranks among the least developed and most heavily indebted countries in the world, despite having large raw commodities and a relatively stable government and society not currently affected by civil war or terrorism. Economic activity centers on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, re-export trade, and export of uranium.
Electric power distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electricity. Electricity is carried from the transmission system to individual consumers. Distribution substations connect to the transmission system and lower the transmission voltage to medium voltage ranging between 2 kV and 33 kV with the use of transformers. Primary distribution lines carry this medium voltage power to distribution transformers located near the customer's premises. Distribution transformers again lower the voltage to the utilization voltage used by lighting, industrial equipment and household appliances. Often several customers are supplied from one transformer through secondary distribution lines. Commercial and residential customers are connected to the secondary distribution lines through service drops. Customers demanding a much larger amount of power may be connected directly to the primary distribution level or the subtransmission level.
In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry are typically described as rural, as well as other areas lacking substantial development. Different countries have varying definitions of rural for statistical and administrative purposes.
Electrification is the process of powering by electricity and, in many contexts, the introduction of such power by changing over from an earlier power source. In the context of history of technology and economic development, electrification refers to the build-out of the electricity generation and electric power distribution systems. In the context of sustainable energy, electrification refers to the build-out of super grids with energy storage to accommodate the energy transition to renewable energy and the switch of end-uses to electricity.
Rural electrification is the process of bringing electrical power to rural and remote areas. Rural communities are suffering from colossal market failures as the national grids fall short of their demand for electricity. As of 2019, 770 million people live without access to electricity – 10.2% of the global population. Electrification typically begins in cities and towns and gradually extends to rural areas, however, this process often runs into obstacles in developing nations. Expanding the national grid is expensive and countries consistently lack the capital to grow their current infrastructure. Additionally, amortizing capital costs to reduce the unit cost of each hook-up is harder to do in lightly populated areas. If countries are able to overcome these obstacles and reach nationwide electrification, rural communities will be able to reap considerable amounts of economic and social development.
In developing countries and some areas of more developed countries, energy poverty is lack of access to modern energy services in the home. In 2022, 759 million people lacked access to consistent electricity and 2.6 billion people used dangerous and inefficient cooking systems. Their well-being is negatively affected by very low consumption of energy, use of dirty or polluting fuels, and excessive time spent collecting fuel to meet basic needs.
The electricity sector in Colombia is dominated by large hydropower generation (65%) and thermal generation (35%). Despite the country's large potential for new renewable energy technologies, this potential has been barely tapped. A 2001 law designed to promote alternative energies lacks certain key provisions to achieve this objective, such as feed-in tariffs, and has had little impact so far. Large hydropower and thermal plants dominate the current expansion plans. The construction of a transmission line with Panama, which will link Colombia with Central America, is underway.
The electricity sector in Bolivia is dominated by the state-owned ENDE Corporation, although the private Bolivian Power Company is also a major producer of electricity. ENDE had been unbundled into generation, transmission and distribution and privatized in the 1990s, but most of the sector was re-nationalized in 2010 (generation) and 2012.
The electricity sector in Peru has experienced large improvements in the past 15 years. Access to electricity has increased from 45% in 1990 to 96.4% in 2018, while service quality and efficiency of service provision improved. These improvements were made possible through privatizations following reforms initiated in 1992. At the same time, electricity tariffs have remained in line with the average for Latin America.
Nicaragua is the country in Central America with the lowest electricity generation, as well as the lowest percentage of population with access to electricity. The unbundling and privatization process of the 1990s did not achieve the expected objectives, resulting in very little generation capacity added to the system. This, together with its high dependence on oil for electricity generation, led to an energy crisis in 2006 from which the country has not fully recovered yet.
Rural economics is the study of rural economies. Rural economies include both agricultural and non-agricultural industries, so rural economics has broader concerns than agricultural economics which focus more on food systems. Rural development and finance attempt to solve larger challenges within rural economics. These economic issues are often connected to the migration from rural areas due to lack of economic activities and rural poverty. Some interventions have been very successful in some parts of the world, with rural electrification and rural tourism providing anchors for transforming economies in some rural areas. These challenges often create rural-urban income disparities.
Benin is a coastal country located in the Gulf of Guinea in Western Africa, which is a resource rich region. Energy in Benin has a diverse energy mix and takes several forms including: solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, fossil resources, and mineral resources. Out of this energy mix, about 60% of energy comes from biomass. Benin is also dependent on energy imports from Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. While power plants and other energy facilities were built in the 1950s and 1960s, the lack of investment has led to deterioration over time. Similarly, its location in the Gulf of Guinea has led to an attempt of oil production starting in the late 1980s. However, due to unprofitable operations, oil production halted in 1998.
Rural poverty refers to situations where people living in non-urban regions are in a state or condition of lacking the financial resources and essentials for living. It takes account of factors of rural society, rural economy, and political systems that give rise to the marginalization and economic disadvantage found there. Rural areas, because of their small, spread-out populations, typically have less well maintained infrastructure and a harder time accessing markets, which tend to be concentrated in population centers.
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana is a Government of India scheme designed to provide continuous electricity supply to rural India. The government plans to invest ₹756 billion (US$9.1 billion) for rural electrification under this scheme. The scheme replaced the existing Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana.
Concept of smart villages is a global modern approach for off-grid communities. Vision behind this concept is to assist the policy makers, donors and socio-economic planner for rural electrification worldwide.
Zambia is potentially self-sufficient in sources of electricity, coal, biomass and renewable energy. The only energy source where the country is not self-sufficient is petroleum energy. Many of the sources of energy where the country is self-sufficient are largely unexploited. As of 2017, the country's electricity generating capacity stood at 1,901 megawatts.
Ethiopia has abundant resources that can generate 60,000 TWh electricity from hydroelectric, wind, solar and geothermal sources in the next 10 years. The electrification process causes GDP growth and high public demand for 110 million of its population. On total, Ethiopia produces 14 TWh from all facilities and exports other resources like natural gas or crude oil.